equalization decoding of space time trellis codes

... approximate picture of the behavior of the S-T data with large residual offset errors CONCLUSIONS We have performed a mathematical analysis of the behavior of orthogonal space- time codes with imperfect ... effect of imperfect carrier offset knowledge over the estimates of the channel gains and resulting probability of error in the final decoding of OSTBC data Our analysis also includes the effect of imperfect ... AWGN noise, over the decoding of OSTBC data Hence, it presents a comprehensive view of the performance of OSTBC with imperfect knowledge of small carrier offsets (in case of small oscillator drifts...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... powerful space- time codes based on different design criteria or improved search algorithms [2], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12] and [13] The family of space- time codes includes space- time trellis codes ... concept of space- time coding by designing codes over both time and space dimensions Their original work gave the well known rank-determinant and product distance code design criteria of spacetime codes ... signal-to-noise ratio STBC space- time block codes STTC space- time trellis codes TDM time division multiplexing TDMA time division multiple access TPA transmit power allocation TDD time division duplexing...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 17:55

... [10] , space- time trellis codes (STTC) [7] [11] [12], space- time concatenated codes (which include space- time turbo codes, serial concatenated codes, etc) and the layered spacetime (LST) codes ... single output SNR Signal-to-noise ratio STBC Space time block code /codes STC Space- time code /codes STTC Space- time trellis code /codes USTM Unitary Space Time Modulation xxi Chapter Introduction With ... versions or replicas of the message signals through different dimensions (space, time or frequency) It is shown that by combining the effect of space and time diversity, via the use of multiple transmit...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:30

... system Their spreading technique uses space- time block codes or space- time trellis codes and then uses subcarrier selectors to map signals to different OFDM frequency subcarriers Our proposed ... (WH) codes are utilized for both space and time spreading Different codes are assigned to different users The OFDM super-frame contains 16 OFDM symbols, which 16 is equal to the length of the time ... spread in space domain using orthogonal code such as Walsh codes or columns of an FFT matrix of size Nt , as they are efficient short orthogonal codes Let’s denote xk as the spread signal in space...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... user k from antenna i at time n 3) Time- Frequency mapping The output of the space- time spreading is then mapped in time and frequency before IFFT Figure describes the Time- Frequency mapping method ... our proposed scheme with different number of users codes or space- time trellis codes and then uses subcarrier selectors to map signals to different OFDM frequency subcarriers Our proposed STF ... proposed system Their spreading technique uses space- time block 20 Proposed OFDM CDMA (sim.) 2D OFDM CDMA (sim.) Proposed OFDM CDMA (theo.) 2D OFDM CDMA (theo.) 18 16 14 % 12 10 0 10 15 20 25...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... at time 4t: S4t = ij where s4t+4 represents the kth row of S4t+4 , vector m4t+4 consists of the ith and jth outputs from the “mapper” at time 3.2 2.2 Partial-diversity quasi-orthogonal space- time ... matrix norm Differential decoding process The received signals for time 4t + can be written as In this part, we first consider the following new quasiorthogonal space- time block codes based on a Hadamard ... these codes can provide very useful results in the practical range of SNR for current systems Note that it would be impossible to derive full-rate, fulldiversity complex orthogonal space- time codes...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... bit instead of per symbol, the BER of QPSK will be identical to that of BPSK [17] Since 8PSK and 16QAM make less constellation space per bit than BPSK and QPSK, larger performance loss of 8PSK and ... Calderbank, Space- time block codes from orthogonal designs,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol 45, no 5, pp 1456–1467, 1999 V Tarokh, H Jafarkhani, and A R Calderbank, Space- time block ... University of Missouri-Columbia, USA, in 2002 He was with the Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, from 1993 to 1998 Currently, he is an Assistant Professor...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... development of the space- time coding concept was originally revealed in [8] in the form of trellis codes Somehow, space- time trellis codes (STTC) can be viewed as an improvement of the delay ... Unitary Space- Time Modulation 6.1 96 106 Unitary Space- Time Modulation 106 6.1.1 6.1.2 Unitary Space- Time Modulation 109 6.1.3 Differential Unitary Space- Time ... differential detection STBC space- time block codes DF decision-feedback STTC space- time trellis codes DSC dual selection combining TAS transmit antenna selection TCM trellis coded modulation Tx...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:31

... Principle of space- time coding (STC) 48 Fig 2.13 Transceiver of space- time trellis code 49 Fig 2.14 Space- time trellis code with four states 51 Fig 2.15 Transceiver of space- time block ... 45 2.3 Space- Time Coding 47 2.3.1 Space- Time Trellis Codes 49 2.3.2 Space- Time Block Codes 52 2.4 Related Mathematics 55 2.4.1 Subspace Approach ... single output S/P serial-to-parallel STBC space- time block coding STC space- time coding xiii STTC space- time trellis codes SVD Singular Value Decomposition TDMA time division multiple access TIA telecommunications...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:54

... H ∗ (18) Proof The proof is omitted since it is the same as the proof of Theorem in [5] As both H and RW are known at the receiver, sphere decoding can be used to perform the ML decoding in (17) ... “Distributed space- time coding in wireless relay networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol 5, no 12, pp 3524–3536, 2006 [6] Y Chang and Y Hua, “Application of space- time linear block codes ... eigenvalues of (1/R)G∗ G in this section The following theorem has been proved Y Jing and B Hassibi PDF of λmax of Wishart matrix 2.5 0.8 Pr (λmax < λ) Pr (λmax = λ) CDF of λmax of Wishart matrix...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... Quasi-Orthogonal Space- Time Codes The issue of smaller code rate (less than one symbol per channel use) for complex orthogonal designs has been addressed in recent times by the design of quasi-orthogonal codes ... bounds of rates of complex orthogonal space- time block codes, ” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol 49, no 10, pp 2788–2796, October 2003 H El Gamal and M O Damen, “Universal space- time ... Figure 11] Also note that because of the orthogonality built into the proposed codes, our codes have lower decoding complexity For a constellation of size q, the decoding complexity after the preprocessing...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... Exploring the Structure of Space and Time http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9680.html GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS: EXPLORING THE STRUCTURE OF SPACE AND TIME of space and time The application of this new theory ... Newton’s laws of motion In Einstein’s 1915 general theory of relativity, a mass curves the one time dimension and three space dimensions of spacetime according to Einstein’s equation The spacetime curvature ... curved spacetime Einstein’s theory thus expresses both the gravitational effect of mass and the response of mass to that effect in terms of the geometry of spacetime The Newtonian idea of a gravitational...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 16:20

... the dimension of time along the vertical axis, and the dimension of space along the horizontal axis [see Fig 4] Fig A phase space of cinematic spacetime Downward movement on the time axis indicates ... amount of space captured in the frame, due to the field of view of the lens and the width of the frame itself, and a minimum length (along the time axis) due to the amount of exposure time needed ... between space and time for the individual frames of any given shot Borrowing the notion of “phase space diagrams from physics, we can construct a similar notation for cinematic spacetime Using...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 10:20

... accelerators, space- based experiments, underground laboratories, and critical precision measurements of various kinds, offer a variety of ways to explore the hidden nature of matter, energy, space, and time ... fundamental explanations of the laws of nature This search led to Einstein’s startling new theories of space and time and of gravity, as well as to the equally revolutionary development of quantum mechanics ... Nature of Space and Time: Charting the Course for Elementary Particle Physics http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11641.html 24 REVEALING THE HIDDEN NATURE OF SPACE AND TIME second A beautiful series of experiments...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:20

... Exploring the Structure of Space and Time http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9680.html GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS: EXPLORING THE STRUCTURE OF SPACE AND TIME of space and time The application of this new theory ... Newton’s laws of motion In Einstein’s 1915 general theory of relativity, a mass curves the one time dimension and three space dimensions of spacetime according to Einstein’s equation The spacetime curvature ... curved spacetime Einstein’s theory thus expresses both the gravitational effect of mass and the response of mass to that effect in terms of the geometry of spacetime The Newtonian idea of a gravitational...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:20

... the vastest of human catastrophes may seem, at a distance of a few million miles 29 Part A STORY OF THE STONE AGE 30 Chapter UGH-LOMI AND UYA This story is of a time beyond the memory of man, before ... The long façade of the great building, whose roof he had looked down upon before, was now receding in perspective He recognised the roof In the front of the façade was a terrace of massive proportions ... several times saw certain clumsy bipeds, dimly suggestive of apes, white and partially translucent, feeding among certain of the lichenous trees, and once some of these fled before one of the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 23:20

... generating part of I + (p) p Space Define I +(p) to be the set of all points of the spacetime M that can be reached from p by future directed time like curves One can think of I +(p) as the set of all ... Euclidean spacetime This spacetime is periodic in the imaginary time direction with period β = T −1 If one does the path integral in flat spacetime identified with period β in the imaginary time direction ... have spacetimes in which there are generators of the boundary of the future of a set S that never intersect S Such generators can have no past end point A simple example of this is Minkowski space...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 17:06

... conclusions.) By [vay of terminology, a region of space considered over an interval of time is called a region of spacetzme; you can think of a region of spacetime as a record of all things that ... up a region of spacetime-a block like that in Figure ~ - i n t o regions of space at moments of time The pages in Figures 3.3a,b, and c-with, again, each page denoting one moment of time- provde ... perspectives, space and spacetime are absolutely unchangeable, this notion of acceleration is absolute In general relativity, though, the character of spacetime is completely different Space and time...

Ngày tải lên: 05/06/2014, 11:15

... AR Calderbank, Space- time block codes from orthogonal designs IEEE Trans Inf Theory 45(5), 1456–1467 (1999) doi:10.1109/18.771146 V Tarokh, N Seshadri, AR Calderbank, Space- time codes for high ... from zero Proof: In the following, we drop the time index to simplify the notation Let l01,l be the real and non-negative lth element of the diagonal of Λ01 and el the lth element of Ve, then: ... duration of two symbols A value fdT = 0.001 was assumed in all simulations The systems use Hadamard codes of length M = 16 In each run, the user codes were randomly chosen, but we avoid the use of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20