epilogue options and challenges for the future

... OF, FR and DD carried out the in vivo experiments SL and HT carried out the in vitro experiments BC participated in the design of the study and performed the statistical analysis POD, FG and PR ... reflect the extra-abdominal tissues, half of the left kidney, and about 200 mg of the anterior edge of the liver were sampled and kept at -80° C until the platinum assay The comparison of groups and ... Bastable for the help in revising the manuscript We thank Pierre-Emmanuel Puig Ph.D., Laurent Benoit M.D., Sylvain Causeret M.D and Bernard Royer M.D., Ph.D for their help with the experiments and their...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:20

... improved and began speaking and eating MRI scanning showed no evidence of pontine changes After days the patient was returned to the ward and the regimen was converted to oral gliclazide 160 mg BD The ... that they have no competing interests Authors' contributions Both of the authors were involved in the writing of the manuscript and patient clinical care Both authors read and approved the final ... Consent Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:21

... EPS-0447479 which provided the ICP-MS instrumentation and personnel support for the analysis of Pt and As reported in the manuscript Also, the authors thank Dr Richard Higashi for technical support ... ThermaSolutions and Sanofi-Aventis for clinical research into Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma All other authors declare that they have no competing ... cells did not stain positive for XPA and MSH2 respectively (Figure 5B) Full-length western blots for XPC and ERCC1 had several non-specific bands in addition to the band of interest (data not shown)...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... is the magnetic moment of the particle, V the particle volume, s the relaxation time, H is the strength of the magnetic field and x is the angular frequency of the applied AC magnetic field The ... another evidence for the nonoccurrence of nonmagnetic iron oxide phase The specific magnetization of 67 emu/g for SPIONs is reasonably a good value and is sufficient for applications The ZFC and ... Where M is the magnetic moment for an applied field H, Ms is the spontaneous magnetization, kB is the Boltzmann constant and T the temperature At K, the coercivity was 125Oe and where the particles...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 07:20

... neurons in the vasomotor center are activated and vasoconstriction commences The individual first notices vasoconstriction in the hands and feet Shunting of blood away from the periphery to the internal ... (vasoconstriction) and heat production (shivering and increased nonshivering thermogenesis) continue until the temperature of the blood bathing the hypothalamic neurons matches the new thermostat setting ... of the set point from "normothermic" to febrile levels very much resembles the resetting of the home thermostat to a higher level in order to raise the ambient temperature in a room Once the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:20

... heat waves According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there were 7000 deaths attributed to heat injury in the United States from 1979 to 1997 The elderly, the bedridden, persons ... including hyperthermia, but may be distinguished by the presence of diarrhea, tremor, and myoclonus rather than the lead-pipe rigidity of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome Thyrotoxicosis and pheochromocytoma ... in the hypothalamus, which results in increased heat generation and decreased heat dissipation The serotonin syndrome, seen with selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), MAOIs, and other...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:20

... IL-6, and TNF are released from the cells and enter the systemic circulation Although the systemic effects of these circulating cytokines lead to fever by inducing the synthesis of PGE2, they ... pass from the circulation into the brain itself Thus, it appears that both exogenous and endogenous pyrogens interact with the endothelium of these capillaries and that this interaction is the first ... tissues The increase in PGE2 in the periphery accounts for the nonspecific myalgias and arthralgias that often accompany fever It is thought that some systemic PGE2 escapes destruction by the lung and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:20

... infection.[newpage] APPROACH TO THE PATIENT: FEVER OR HYPERTHERMIA Physical Examination Attention must be paid to the chronology of events and to other signs and symptoms preceding the fever The temperature ... preventing fever? With the increasing use of anticytokines to reduce the activity of IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF, the effect of these agents on the febrile response must be considered The blocking of ... (by inducing the release of neurotransmitters) Distinct receptors for microbial products are located on the hypothalamic endothelium These receptors are called Toll-like receptors and are similar...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:20

... enzyme cyclooxygenase The substrate for cyclooxygenase is arachidonic acid released from the cell membrane, and this release is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of PGE2 Therefore, inhibitors ... Agents The reduction of fever by lowering of the elevated hypothalamic set point is a direct function of reducing the level of PGE2 in the thermoregulatory center The synthesis of PGE2 depends on the ... activity; in the brain, however, acetaminophen is oxidized by the p450 cytochrome system, and the oxidized form inhibits cyclooxygenase activity Moreover, in the brain, the inhibition of another enzyme,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:20

... doses is indicated in the neuroleptic malignant syndrome and in drug-induced hyperthermia and may even be useful in the hyperthermia of the serotonin syndrome and thyrotoxicosis The neuroleptic malignant ... Wunderlich and the evolution of clinical thermometry Clin Infect Dis 18:458, 1994 ———, Wasserman SS: A critical appraisal of 98.6˚F, the upper limit of the normal body temperature, and other legacies ... unclear what triggers the febrile seizure and there is no correlation between absolute temperature elevation and onset of a febrile seizure in susceptible children.In hyperpyrexia, the use of cooling...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:20

... cold weather are at increased risk for hypothermia Military history is replete with hypothermic tragedies Hunters, sailors, skiers, and climbers also are at great risk of exposure, whether it ... myxedema coma—reduces the metabolic rate and impairs thermogenesis and behavioral responses Adrenal insufficiency and hypopituitarism also increase susceptibility to hypothermia Hypoglycemia, ... and many other medications reduce centrally mediated vasoconstriction Up to 25% of patients admitted to an intensive care unit because of drug overdose are hypothermic Anesthetics can block the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:21

... systems The timing of the appearance of these clinical manifestations varies widely (Table 20-2) Without knowing the core temperature, it can be difficult to interpret other vital signs For example, ... however, the presentation is often more subtle and other disease processes, toxin exposures, or psychiatric diagnoses should be considered After initial stimulation by hypothermia, there is progressive ... most cases of hypothermia, the history of exposure to environmental factors, such as prolonged exposure to the outdoors without adequate clothing, makes the diagnosis straightforward In urban...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:21

... g/L (

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:21

... external rewarming is best accomplished with forced-air heating blankets Other options include radiant heat sources and hot packs Monitoring a patient with hypothermia in a heated tub is extremely difficult ... heat than some other forms of active core rewarming, it eliminates respiratory heat loss and adds 1°–2°C to the overall rewarming rate Crystalloids should be heated to 40°–42°C, but the quantity ... or bladder transfers minimal heat because of the limited available surface area These methods should be reserved for patients in cardiac arrest and then used in combination with all available...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:21

... anesthesia and erythema The appearance of superficial vesiculation surrounded by edema and erythema is considered second degree (Fig 20-1) Hemorrhagic vesicles reflect a serious injury to the ... medications Frostbite occurs when the tissue temperature drops below 0°C Ice crystal formation subsequently distorts and destroys the cellular architecture Once the vascular endothelium is damaged, stasis ... the relaxation phase of the Achilles reflex is prolonged more than the contraction phase Hypothermia obscures most of the symptoms and signs of infection, notably fever and leukocytosis Shaking...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:21

... trước thị giác vùng đồi thị Interleukin-1 kích thích trình tổng hợp prostaglandin nhóm E từ acid arachidonic Prostaglandin E mà đặc biệt PG-E1 kích thích trình tổng hợp adenyl monophosphat vòng ... tăng sản xuất prostaglandin E làm tăng trình sinh nhiệt ngược lại (aspirin dẫn xuất có tác dụng hạ sốt thông qua chế ức chế men cyclooxygenaza ngăn cản tổng hợp prostaglandin E1, E2 Glucocorticoid ... hạ nhiệt thông qua chế ức chế sản xuất interleukin-1 v.v ) Prostaglandin đặc hiệu CSN ngoại sinh CSN nội sinh (IL-1) Prostaglandin Acid arachidonic AMP vòng Hypothalamus (Dưới đồi) TB bắp tăng...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 20:22

... writing of the case report All authors were involved with the treatment of the patient, and all authors read and approved the final manuscript Competing interests The authors declare that they have ... Switzerland 2Emergency Department, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland Authors’ contributions MB and MR contributed equally to the case report Both of them wrote the report and conducted ... cancer treatment [7], the treatment of cancer in our patient resulted in the development of clinical signs of myopathy On the basis of his serum PSA and the fact that the size of the solitary node...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 23:20

... contributions JJD wrote the case report WG was the doctor in charge of our patient and revised the case report ER revised the case report CL and SS were consulting physicians and revised the case report ... Francisco Marroquin for providing the photograph of the biopsy as well as the Cardiovascular Surgery Unit (UNICAR) for providing the original echocardiogram report along with the photograph Matt ... infiltration Discussion The cause of our patient’s hypothyroidism was not diagnosed Case series and case reports have suggested that there is a relationship between the severity and chronicity of hypothyroidism...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 23:20

... with cirrhosis as well as the first report of induced hypothermia for the management PRES and the use of CVVHD for control of hyperammonemia in a cirrhotic patient The pathogenesis of PRES remains ... authors were directly involved in the care of this patient, were responsible for researching the literature and writing the case report and take responsibility for the final version References 10 ... protection of the fluidity of lipoprotein membranes, reduction in the oxygen demand in low flow regions, reduction in intracellular acidosis, and inhibition of the biosynthesis, release, and uptake...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:21