epidemiology and prevention of communicable diseases

... state of the art in each specialty, and ensure fair and legally defensible standards (Stromberg and Schneider, 1994) As pointed out in a recent review by Stromberg and Schneider (1994), the law of ... advancing h u m a n health and well-being (Ostrander et al., 1993) Two examples of diseases that commonly affect humans and companion animals and lend themselves to molecular and gene therapy approaches ... development of reliable, validated screening tests and appropriate medical and genetic counseling The increased recognition over the last decade of inherited and autoimmune diseases in both humans and...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 15:20

... Specific Cases of Autoimmune Diseases, and Stem Cell and Other Therapies thereby lowering the pH of the blood The combination of hyperglycemia and acidosis is called diabetic ketoacidosis and leads ... incidence and time course of insulitis prior to diagnosis and correlating it to the presence, and persistence of circulating immune markers, will be crucial for our understanding of the disease and ... accumulation of ketones (products of fat breakdown) and acid in the blood Continued buildup of these products of disordered carbohydrate and fat metabolism result in nausea and vomiting, and eventually...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 21:20

... Hueber et al methods of binding autoantigens and of drying at the time of array production, which can distort and/ or sterically interfere with immunologic epitopes A variety of fluidphase bead, ... complexity of fluorescence-based bead and tag systems Microfluidics approaches Microfluidics utilizes microchannels for analysis of antigen–autoantibody interactions Small quantities of biomolecules ... quantitation of binding kinetics and detection of low-affinity interactions are among the important advantages of this system Arrays of living cells 292 Several groups have described arrays of living...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... Shiosaka T, Tanioka H, Fujita S: Detection of human herpesvirus and human herpesvirus in the submandibular gland, parotid gland, and lip salivary gland by PCR J Clin Microbiol 1996, 34:2320-2321 ... Brytting M, Bjerregaard L, Julander I, Linde A: Shedding of cytomegalovirus and herpesviruses 6, 7, and in saliva of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients and healthy controls Clin ... Luca D, Mirandola P, Ravaioli T, Dolcetti R, Frigatti A, Bovenzi P, Sighinolfi L, Monini P, Cassai E: Human herpesviruses and in salivary glands and shedding in saliva of healthy and human immunodeficiency...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... with the development and/ or clinical progression of RA The purpose of these studies was to characterise the development and evolution of ACPA responses in rodent models of RA and MS, to gain insights ... accessible to and substrates of PAD in inflamed tissues, such as the joints in CIA and RA, and the myelin sheath in EAE and MS Page 10 of 12 (page number not for citation purposes) The observation of multiple ... production and assay Synovial and myelin antigen arrays were produced using a robotic arrayer The arrayer printed peptides and proteins representing candidate antigens in RA and MS on the surface of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... all AD cases Onset is most often before 65 years of age, and the penetrance is nearly always complete The purification and partial sequencing of Ab from amyloid deposits of AD brain in the 1980s ... [54] A substantial amount of CAA is often found in transgenic mice with the Swedish mutation, which is likely to be because of the high rate of synthesis and accumulation of Ab1-40 In Tg2576, more ... accumulation of CAA in leptomeningeal and cortical vessels with few diffuse plaques, severe loss of SMCs, weakening of vessel walls leading to hemorrhage and perivascular microgliosis and astrocytosis...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... ameliorate gait abnormalities [12,13] Mouse models of PD and HD are used to understand the pathologies of the diseases and to accelerate the testing of new therapies to correct motor defects Although ... of the left and right forelimbs of a 3NP-treated mouse demonstrating coordinated stepping, despite hind limb failure of stepping The signals of left and right hind limbs are not coordinated and ... included increased gait variability of the forelimbs and eventual failure of hind limb stepping Our findings of different effects of 3NP on gait dynamics of forelimbs and hind limbs are in accordance...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... inflammation and microgliosis around areas of plaque deposition [4-7] Chronic administration of ibuprofen can reduce plaque pathology and brain Aβ levels in these animal models of AD [8,9] There ... cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 [12,22] Pathological analysis of tissue from AD patients and from mouse models of AD shows that there is extensive astrocytic and microglial ... IL-1R, and therefore have similar activities Both are capable of inducing inflammatory cascades in-vivo and in-vitro, and it has been shown that they are capable of up-regulating expression of astrocyte-derived...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... 4% isoflurane and L/minute oxygen Once mice were anaesthetised they were transferred to a mask and maintained on 2% isoflurane and 0.8 L/minute oxygen The surgical area was shaved and a three-part ... Overview of( MTX) and partial meniscoectomygenerate meniscotibial transection (MTX) and partial meniscoectomy (PMX) models (a) Schematic representation of the joint (Adapted from Kamekura and colleagues ... completion of the surgery the inhalation anaesthesia was turned off and to control pain and infection, the mice were injected subcutaneously with buprenorphine (Schering-Plough, Hertfordshire, UK) and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... of CD3-ζ and ZAP-70, downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases such as extracellular signal-related kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and inhibition of the nuclear translocation of ... occur by the interaction of CD86 with CTLA-4 Activation of CTLA-4 by binding to its ligands leads to the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic tail of CTLA-4 and its association ... CTLA-4 function and dissociates from CTLA-4 upon ligand binding The ligands are the dimeric CD80 and the monomeric CD86 Binding of CD80 to the divalent CTLA-4 leads to the formation of a lattice-like...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... rheumatoid arthritis and part of the development of the disease might be related to the activity of RUNX2 in these tissues and its effect on some of the target genes, many of which, such as osteopontin ... understood in autoimmune diseases What could this role be? The runt-domain family of transcription factors is involved in several diseases and acts on target genes in a variety of tissues [8] The three ... cellular models and the use of retroviral vectors have permitted the study of the RUNX proteins in more detail, although still in the mouse, and have provided evidence for the importance of the RUNX...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... emergence of IgG anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies but they induce B cell depletion and a marked delay in the expansion of activated and memory T cells The addition of a short course of cytotoxic ... Mechanism of action of BAFF blockade BAFF blockade mediates profound effects on B cells in mice Within 1–2 weeks of administration of TACI-Ig or BAFF-R-Ig to normal mice, the spleen and lymph ... Ramanujam and Davidson Figure Interactions of BAFF and its homologs with the three BAFF receptors Sites of action of potential blockers are described in Table APRIL, a proliferation-inducing ligand;...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:24

... genetic epidemiology of complex genetic diseases can be described in terms of the observable parameters of disease prevalence and relative risk to relatives of diseased probands (Table 1) Risks of ... in the righthand tail of the normal distribution; x, number of risk alleles harbored by an individual, between and 2n Author details Genetic Epidemiology and, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, ... becomes

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:20

... features of both diseases Hepatic cytolysis and/ or cholestasis are present Histological findings may be non-specific or typical of either AIH or PBC Serology shows markers of AIH (ANA, SMA) and of ... necrosis and without granulomas, supported the hypothesis of drug toxicity Interruption of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine therapy resulted in a rapid improvement of hepatic cytolysis and cholestasis ... presence of chronic Q-fever hepatitis and autoimmune liver disease Serology for C burnetii is highly specific, and we are not aware of any reports of false-positive Q-fever serology in the context of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 14:20

... (BAFF) -and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family and are important regulators of B-cell maturation, survival, and function [1,2] The TNF ligands ... heterotrimers, and endogenous levels of heterotrimers in the sera of healthy donors and patients with SLE or RA were measured and compared with BLyS and APRIL homotrimer levels in a subset of the same ... nonsignificant) of the samples from patients with RA (Table 1) Analyses of BLyS and APRIL homotrimer levels were performed in a subset of the samples from healthy donors and patients with SLE, and for all of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 12:20

... expand in numbers, acquire immune cell features, produce proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes, and contribute to the inflammatory process and the eventual destruction of the joint A number of ... inhibition Seow and colleagues [40] examined the effect of piceatannol, a Syk inhibitor, on ovalbumin-induced anaphylactic contraction of isolated guinea pig bronchi and release of histamine and peptidoleuketrienes ... that one intranasal dose of R112 is clinically safe and significantly reduces the level of prostaglandin D2, a key mediator of allergic nasal congestion, but not histamine and tryptamine levels [54]...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:22

... many benefits that can accrue from the development of animal models of COPD, most important of which is understanding of mechanisms and development of specific drugs for COPD http://respiratory-research.com/content/5/1/18 ... expression and tight junction modification leading to inflammatory cell influx and increase of lung permeability with oedema formation [130] However, the nature and extent of these responses are often ... exacerbations of COPD, asthma, and respiratory tract infections [143] Both the organic and the particulate components of DEP cause significant oxidant injury and especially the particulate component of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21

... lamp current 17 mA Standards used are 3, and 12 ppm prepared from 1000 ppm stock standard in 0.2 M HNO3 Peak area is read with a read delay of s, and a read time of s Standard reference materials ... architectural disorganization of the liver with variable sized nodules of hepatocytes (with focal degeneration and aggregates of neutrophils) separated by bands of fibrous connective tissue with ... diagnosis of Wilson's disease is challenging and requires a battery of tests, including morphologic evaluation and copper analysis of liver tissue [51,52] Liver disease may mimic various forms of common...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... tal knowledge that the risk of disease transmission is not only a function of the infectivity of the infectious agent and the quality of the immune response but also of the host's exposure to a ... formulation of an exponential relation between exposure and the risk of infection, we extrapolate the actual exposure from information about the duration and intensity of a contact between an infector and ... expected number of secondary cases SC and the number of contacts S by calculating SC for the 720 person days as separate units of observation SC is calculated according to Equations and and based on...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... production and concentrations of MCP-1, ICAM-1, MMP-9 and oxLDL, mean values for all the OXANO concentrations measured during clamping and reperfusion and for the markers sampled before, during and ... correlation between MCP-1 and radical levels and a negative correlation between ICAM-1 and these levels The lack of a positive correlation between radicals and these markers of inflammation, as well ... ICAM-1, MMP-9 and oxLDL Blood samples were withdrawn for an analysis of markers of arteriosclerosis together with OXANO samples 1, and 9, i.e before clamping, just before declamping and 15 minutes...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 10:03