enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic

... cellulase during enzymatic hydrolysis of filter paper at low dosage of enzyme [108] More research is required to estimate the feasibility of using these compounds for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose ... effective at disrupting lignocellulosic matrix of switchgrass resulting in a maximum theoretical yield of glucose after 30h of enzymatic hydrolysis[ 89] 8.3 Phosphoric acid The use of concentrated phosphoric ... recycling of free cellulose from hydrolysis supernatant 15 Enzymatic hydrolysis at high solids content Enzymatic hydrolysis at higher solids loading is desirable from an industrial point of view...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... often cited as causes of the slowdown [14,29,30] One of the most controversial theories concerns the influence of crystallinity and the change of the degree of crystallinity during enzymatic hydrolysis ... of enzymatichydrolysis of insoluble cellulose – derivation of a mechanistic kinetic-model Biotechnol Bioeng 25, 2707–2733 39 Ohmine K, Ooshima H & Harano Y (1983) Kinetic-study on enzymatic- hydrolysis ... on the rate of the hydrolysis of cellulose Biotechnol Bioeng 33, 1221–1234 43 Lee YH & Fan LT (1982) Kinetic-studies of enzymatichydrolysis of insoluble cellulose – analysis of the initial rates...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... Modulation of butyrylcholinesterase catalytic activitiy P Masson et al both the competitive inhibition of hydrolysis of positively charged substrates and activation of hydrolysis of neutral substrates ... pattern of inhibition has been reported previously for decamethonium inhibition of the hydrolysis of 7-acetoxy-4-methylcoumarin by acetylcholinesterase [50] The inhibition of wild-type BuChE hydrolysis ... similar to the activating effect of tyramine binding on the hydrolysis of o-NAC and o-NPA The observation that benzalkonium is an inhibitor of BuChE-catalysed hydrolysis of ATMA at low [S] and an activator...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 17:20

... origin of these forms dates back to before the occurrence of vertebrates, i.e more than 500 mya This dates the differentiation of the MAPEG forms back to the late Cambrian multiplicity of eukaryotic ... 2005 FEBS Characterization of MAPEG members 1691 Characterization of MAPEG members A Bresell et al Table Comparison of glutathione transferase and peroxidase activity of MAPEG members expressed ... bleeding time as a measurement of platelet activation was sensitive to inhibition of cox-1 but not of cox-2, i.e similar to the situation in humans Incubation of whole blood from rainbow trout...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... chromatographic peaks of the respective molecules FEBS Journal 272 (2005) 3376–3386 ª 2005 FEBS 3377 Enzymatic properties of chitinase A from Vibrio carchariae Fig Stereochemistry of chitin hydrolysis Native ... first 15 of reaction (Fig 3B) After 57 h, hydrolysis was complete, with Fig Quantitative analysis of chitooligosaccharide hydrolysis Native chitinase A (75 ng) was incubated at 20 °C with mM of (A) ... means of a pNP calibration curve in the case of the colorimetric assay, or by using a (GlcNAc)2 calibration curve in the case of quantitative HPLC-MS If pNP is used for monitoring the hydrolysis of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... in the case of LepB, SipS and Spi A comparison of the site of cleavage of SpsB with that of Spi from S pneumoniae shows that they are cleaved at the same point, whereas, in the case of SipS from ... stability of SpsB in the presence of inhibitor arylomycin A2, 18 lL of puried length SpsB (stock concentration of 31 lm) was incubated with lL of arylomycin A2 (stock concentration of mm) or ... total volume of 100 lL with a nal concentration of the enzyme of lm After a pre-incubation of this reaction mixture for at 37 C, the peptide substrate was added at a nal concentration of lm ([S]...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 01:20

... hypothesis is not confirmed by the present analysis of enzymatic properties of ChiG, or by our analysis of the ChiG and ChiC structures Despite the deletion of the B-loop, the two putative catalytic residues ... cell pellet was resuspended in 15 mL of ice-cold spheroplast buffer (10 mL of m Tris ⁄ HCl, pH 8.0, 17.1 g of sucrose, 100 lL of 0.5 m EDTA, pH 8.0, and 200 lL of phenyl- FEBS Journal 273 (2006) ... PAGE analysis of purified chitinase G (ChiG) Fig S2 Degradation of b-chitin Fig S3 Close-up view of the rA-weighted 2Fo–Fc electron density map in a representative part of the structure of chitinase...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 11:20

... PPADS, at 100 lM, inhibited the hydrolysis of Ó FEBS 2003 Hydrolysis of diadenosine polyphosphates (Eur J Biochem 270) 2975 Fig Effect of inhibitors on hydrolysis of Ap4A by NPP1, NPP2, and NPP3 ... the production of AMP and Apn-1 as the primary hydrolysis products Hydrolysis of ApnAs had a very alkaline pH optimum, comparable to that of alkaline phosphatases [18] Dinucleotide hydrolysis was ... storage at )20 °C Protein was determined according to the method of Peterson [43] Measurement of nucleotide hydrolysis The hydrolysis of substrates Ap3A, Ap4A, Ap5A and Gp4G was analyzed using membrane...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... mimics the S/R domain of rat ribosomal RNA (SRD RNA) is an useful substrate for studying the mechanism of action of RIP and for analysis of the chemistry of recognition of RNA by RIP [22,23] ... increment of lamjapin in the reaction mixture The IC50 (the concentration of RIP causing 50% inhibition of translation) of lamjapin is about 0.69 nM, a very low value for an inhibitor of protein ... procedures of lamjapin from 30 g dry powder of L japonica A One unit of specific activity is defined as the amount of protein necessary to inhibit protein synthesis by 50% in 50 lL of reaction...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... capable of reducing the level of fructose 2,6-P2 independent of the phosphorylation state of iPFK-2 Reducing the level of fructose 2,6-P2 and thus the activity of PFK-1 improves the supply of glucose ... tumors in situ Induction of this isoform is mediated by HIF-1, cMyc, Ras, src and loss of function of p53 [73] Rapidly proliferating cancer cells constitutively express the isoform iPFK-2 [74] PFKFB3 ... elevation of the cellular Ca2+ concentration leads to detachment of PFK from the cytoskeleton and thus diminishes the provision of local ATP in the vicinity of the cytoskeleton [71] The expression of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20

... Ethanoic Acid Revision of Formation of Esters  Formed from:Carboxylic Acid  Alcohol  Ethanoic Acid Ethyl Ethanoate Ethanol Water Hydrolysis of Esters Hydrolysis REVERSE of esterification  Broken ... Ethyl Ethanoate Water Hydrolysis REVERSE of esterification  Broken down by reaction with water  Forms:  Carboxylic Acid Ethyl Ethanoate Ethanoic Acid Water Hydrolysis REVERSE of esterification ... water  Forms: Carboxylic Acid  Alcohol  Ethyl Ethanoate Ethanoic Acid Water Ethanol Hydrolysis REVERSE of esterification  Broken down by reaction with water  Forms: Alcohol  Carboxylic...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 22:06

... Hydrolysis of Esters Basic Solution O R C O R O Na+_ + OH Na+ R C O heat + R O H Acidic Solution O R C O R + H2O H2SO4 heat O R C OH + R O H excess Hydrolysis requires strong ... H O: R C O H + H3O+ Hydrolysis of Amides Basic Solution O O Na+ _ R C NH2 + OH heat Na+ + NH3 R C O Acidic Solution O R C NH2 + H2O H2SO4 heat O R C OH + (NH4)SO4 excess Hydrolysis requires strong ... easy ! Base-Promoted Hydrolysis of a Amide MECHANISM NaOH _ :O: R C NH2 : O: R C NH2 :O H _ :O H _ :O : R C NH2 once in a while : O: R C _ + : NH2 :O H :O H : O: R C OH most often this step reverses...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 22:06

... PEGylation of one of the two glutamines impairs the PEGylation of the neighboring one The computational prediction of the relative abundance of the two PEGylated species would require knowledge of the ... representation [35] of the multiple sequence alignment of human G-CSF and its orthologous proteins It consists of stacks of symbols, one for each position in the protein sequence; the overall height of the ... level of the thiol group of cysteines or at the N-terminal amino group of a polypeptide chain [10,11] More recently, a very promising enzymatic method has been proposed that makes use of the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 00:20

... F-ONA hydrolysis than for hydrolysis of ONA by BuChE arises from the big jump in the turnover of F-ONA (> 7500 min)1) as compared to that of ONA (> 13 min)1) [26] To summarize, the hydrolysis of ... GPI-anchored AChEs of bovine erythrocytes and of lymphocytes in both Km and extent of lectin binding [22] illustrates the impact of oligoglycans on the kinetic behavior of AChE The range of ATCh concentration, ... reflect the contribution of the fluorine atoms in F-ONA to the stabilization of the alkoxide moiety and further acetylation of BuChE As the oxyanion hole of BuChE is composed of Gly116, Gly117, and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20

... spectroscopic properties of the product of NADP+ oxidation Fig Hypothetical mechanism of the reductive half-reaction of the catalytic cycle of FprA in the oxidation of NADP+ to yield NADPO The ... evidence of the ability of FprA to catalyze the production of NADPO In the present article, we provide the first quantitative description of this reaction, along with a detailed analysis of the ... the formation of the species modified in position of the nicotinamide ring because of the poor reactivity of this position towards nucleophilic attack Indeed, the positive charge of the pyridinium...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

... kinetic data obtained for enzymatic hydrolysis of soman with all tested PON1 variants indicate the importance of the V346A mutation for the enhancement of cyclosarin and soman hydrolysis The PON1 variant ... optical isomers of cyclosarin [30] and those of p-nitrophenol analogs of sarin and soman [25] Therefore, it was of interest to examine the stereoselectivity of cyclosarin and soman hydrolysis exerted ... consistent with faster hydrolysis of the less toxic optical isomer of cyclosarin [P(+)] and the two less toxic diastereoisomers of soman [P(+)C(+ ⁄ –)] by V346A Stereoselective hydrolysis of chiral OP...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 13:20

... contribution of spontaneous NADPH oxidation and other reductases in the samples can be ignored One unit of GR activity was defined as the amount of enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of lmol of NADPH ... system of adult rats (A) Enzymatic activities of 90 lg cytosolic proteins from five organs and spermatozoa of 13-week-oldrats were measured in a 1-mL cuvette Data are presented as the means ± SD of ... W.R & York, J.L (1996) Differential expression of glutathione S-transferase isoforms in compartments of the testis and segments of the epididymis of the rat Drug Metab Dispos 24, 725–733 Ó FEBS...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 17:20

... et al Enzymatic actions of P multocida toxin Results Analysis of enzymatic actions of PMT with Gaq Q209E-specific monoclonal antibodies According to a previous study [16], the deamidation of Ga ... deamidation reaction However, the enzymatic characteristics of PMT have not been analyzed as a result of the lack of an easily-administered assay to detect activity of the toxin In the present study, ... Fig Isolation of Gaq Q209E-specific antibodies (A) Alignment of amino acid sequences of the switch region in the a subunits of mouse heterotrimeric GTPases by CLUSTALW Sequences of synthetic oligopeptides...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:20

... mechanism of acid hydrolysis of the 3,6-anGal-containing galactans 2126 Results and Discussion Identification of a complete series of odd-numbered oligosaccharides resulting from mild acid hydrolysis of ... the uniquely facile nature of the hydrolysis Effect of the 3,6-anGal form on the hydrolysis of galactan As the initial glycosidic cleavage by mild acid hydrolysis of galactan j-carrageenan and ... series of exclusively odd-numbered oligosaccharides was obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of j-carrageenan Identification of odd-numbered oligosaccharides resulting from mild acid hydrolysis of agarose...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:21

... concentrations of either substrate or cofactor with varied concentrations of the other The experiments were performed at different, fixed concentrations of either lactate or NAD+ A subsequent set of experiments ... polarity of the environment of the fluorophore In the case of PfLDH, the signal change on binding to the active site was too small to be used as a reliable reporter of the formation of the binary ... is an average of 10 One of the more striking sequence differences between PfLDH and other LDHs of the same fold is the presence of a lysine residue at position 102 The presence of a positive...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 09:20