entropy of a discrete memoryless source

... coefficients are given to guarantee that all the species are permanent. It is shown that these conditions are weaker than those of Liao et al. 2008. 1. Introduction Traditional Lotka-Volterra competitive ... exponentially for 2 ≤ i ≤ N, and u i t → X ∗ , where X ∗ is a certain solution of a logistic equation. Teng 8 and Ahmad and Stamova 9 also studied the coexistence on a nonautonomous Lotka-Volterra ... 4 Advances in Difference Equations 2. Proof of Theorem 1.2 The following lemma can be found in 10. Lemma 2.1. Assume that A& gt;0 and y0 > 0, and further suppose that (1) y  n  1  ≤ Ay  n  ...

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... 395–401, 2003. 7 T. K. Kar and U. K. Pahari, “Modelling and analysis of a prey-predator system with stage-structure and harvesting,” Nonlinear Analysis. Real World Applications, vol. 8, no. 2, ... 505–512, 2007. 6 T W. Hwang, “Global analysis of the predator-prey system with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol. 281, no. 1, ... Dimitrov and H. V. Kojouharov, “Complete mathematical analysis of predator-prey models with linear prey growth and Beddington-DeAngelis functional response,” Applied Mathematics and Computation,...

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... R. M. May, Theoretical Ecology, Principles and Applications, Sounders, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 1976. 3 R. P. Agarwal, Difference Equations and Inequalities: Theory, Methods, and Applications, ... Wang and Z. Lu, “Global stability of discrete models of Lotka-Volterra type,” Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 1019–1030, 1999. 6 L. Bai, M. Fan, and ... disturbances which persist for a finite period of time. In the language of control variables, we call the disturbance functions as control variables. During the last decade, many scholars did...

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... timber of Cinnamomum Phoebe and other genera was very valuable. The bark of Cinnamomum cassia and the root of Lindera aggregata were the famous drug in traditional medicine. The fruit of Persea ... results of this study shows that Cinnamomum longepetiolatum Costerm. apud Phamh. was a new natural source of camphor in Vietnam. Keywords: Cinnamomum longepetiolatum, Lauraceae, Essential oil, camphor. ... Lauraceae farmily has about 45 genera and 2000-2500 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, but mostly in tropical Southeastern Asia and Neotropical America....

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 17:20

... dis- cordances What these tables reveal are that: a) the retrieval errors of the various constitutive parameters are far from negligible, even for a discordance of a single parameter that is as small as 10%; b) ... obtain a reliable retrieval of the imaginary part of ℑµ for ±10% discordance of any of the other mechanical descriptors or of x 1 . On the other hand, it was shown that a ±10% discordance of ... to at least one solution, P K = p K . This eventuality is highly improbable in real-life, in that one usually has only a vague idea a priori of the value of at least one of the parameters of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 01:21

... criteria to find earthquakes for which this technique can be applied. In the search for potential candidates of earthquake couples, an automatic selection of the available data set was performed ... Fukuyama & 768 Irikura 1986), as well as regional and teleseismic body and surface waveforms (Hartzell 1989; Kanamori ef al. 1992; Velasco, Ammon & Lay 1994). The applicability ... two fault planes. The shape and the area of the ruptured zone is very different in the two cases. For the near-vertical plane, the rupture zone has an elongated shape and may cover an area of...

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... we have sucessfully added gram- matical features to a WSME language model us- ing a SCFG to extract the grammatical informa- tion. We have shown that the the use of gram- matical features in a ... corpus was automatically labelled and man- ually checked. There were two kinds of labelling: POStag labelling and syntactic labelling. The POStag vocabulary was composed of 45 labels. The syntactic ... from a training sample. Each word in the training sample has a part -of- speech tag (POStag) associated to it. These POStags are considered as word categories and are the terminal symbols of our...

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... Private Network WAP Wireless Application Protocol WDP Wireless Datagram Protocol XIP Execute in place Glossary of Terms ABI Application binary interface ADT Abstract data type BAL Bearer Abstraction ... in creating the system shared the sense that making software is a visionary activity and that making good software, indeed the best possible soft- ware, is as much a moral imperative as a business ... lifetime of five years of 7 Protea is the name of a flower native to South Africa. As it happens, Psion founder, David Potter, and the first two CEOs of Symbian, Colly Myers and David Levin, all share a connection...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 11:21

... Health Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and 3 HPER Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA Email: James T Cavanaugh* ... produced not by a reallo- cation of attention but by mechanical destabilization, albeit along a temporal rather than a spatial dimension, brought about by articulation and respiratory patterns during ... displacement to estimate the amount of postural sway in the AP plane. Scores are calculated as the angular difference, expressed as a percentage, between the amount of estimated AP pos- tural sway...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... canonical form of regular matrix polynomials. Linear Algebra Appl. 385, 117–130 (2004) doi:10.1186/1687-1847-2011-51 Cite this article as: Dassios: On a boundary value problem of a class of generalized ... (1980) 5. Gantmacher, FR: The Theory of Matrices, Volume I and II. Chelsea (1959) 6. Datta, BN: Numerical Linear Algebra and Applications. Cole Publishing Company (1995) 7. Dassios, IK: Solutions of ... springeropen.com Dassios Advances in Difference Equations 2011, 2011:51 http://www.advancesindifferenceequations.com/content/2011/1/51 Page 9 of 9 RESEARCH Open Access On a boundary value problem of a class of generalized...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... Correspondence: hongyinglu543@163.com; wwguo@dufe.edu.cn School of Mathematics and Quantitative Economics, Dongbei University of Finance & Economics, Dalian, Liaoning 116025, PR China Abstract A discrete semi-ratio-dependent predator-prey system ... 16(7):1069-1075. 4. Nindjina AF, Aziz-Alaoui MA, Cadivel M: Analysis of a predator-prey model with modified Leslie-Gower and Holling- type II schemes with time delay. Non-linear Anal. Real World Appl 2006, 7(5):1104-1118. 5. ... Z: Permanence and global attractivity of the discrete Gilpin-Ayala type population model. Comput. Math. Appl 2007, 53(8):1214-1227. 19. Wang L, Wang MQ: Ordinary Difference Equation. Xinjiang University...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... Diff erence Equations and Applications, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 969–987, 2003. 30 Y. Song and C. T. H. Baker, “Linearized stability analysis of discrete Volterra equations,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and ... nonlinear differential equations,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol. 124, no. 2, pp. 339–380, 1987. 40 E. K. Ifantis, “Global analytic solutions of the radial nonlinear wave ... the growth of a population Pt under the assumptions that the rate of growth of the population was proportional to A1  the existing population and A2  the amount of available resources. When...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... 60–82, Coll. Judea Samaria, Ariel, Israel, 1993. 9 Y. Domshlak and I. P. Stavroulakis, “Oscillations of first-order delay differential equations in a critical state,” Applicable Analysis, vol. 61, ... Solutions of a Linear Second-Order Discrete- Delayed Equation J. Ba ˇ stinec, 1 J. Dibl ´ ık, 1, 2 and Z. ˇ Smarda 1 1 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno ... Dorociakov ´ a and R. Olach, “Existence of positive solutions of delay differential equations,” Tatra Mountains Mathematical Publications, vol. 43, pp. 63–70, 2009. 11 I. Gy ¨ ori and G. Ladas,...

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... 2006. [12] G. Marsaglia, “Ratios of normal variables and ratios of sums of variables,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 60, no. 309, pp. 193–204, 1965. [13] EASE, “Enhanced acoustic ... In reality, speech is both a lowpass and often harmonic signal. This poses particular problems. We have assumed F a, b to be a zero-mean, normal random variable. The analysis and experimental evidence ... reverberation time,” Journal of the Acoustical Soc iety of America, vol. 112, no. 6, pp. 2583– 2588, 2002. [11] G. Marsaglia, “Ratios of normal variables,” Journal of Statisti- cal Software, vol. 16, no....

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