... advertising campaigns in which slogans play a vital part. The investigation into those slogans will hopefully reveal interesting features inlanguage used in slogans in general and airline slogans ... meaning. Internal noises: They are thoughts and feelings that interfere with meaning. Semantic noises: They are those that alternate meanings arisen certain symbols that inhibit meaning. ... Bich Thuy Page 5 CHAPTER 4 MAIN FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS4.1 Main Findings4.1.1 Phonological featuresUse of rhymesOne of the best techniques for bringing in the brand name is to make the...
... Publication DataKing, Gareth.Colloquial English: a complete Englishlanguagecourse / Gareth King.p. cm.Includes index.1. Englishlanguage – Textbooks for foreign speakers. 2. Englishlanguage ... be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information ... permission in writing from the publishers.British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British LibraryLibrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication...
... another term for reported speech.ing-form – the form of the verb ending in -ing: coming, going,studying, driving, stopping; used in the continuous tenses, and in other ways.irregular verb – ... tense of the verb – there are three main ways of doing thefuture in English: I will write, I’m writing, I’m going to write.genitive – a form of the noun denoting possession or relationship:John’sbook, ... conjunction with the course. This book does not shy away from grammar, and a glance at theindex will show how central a component of the course it is. In explaining the grammar in the body of the...
... home doing a training programme’ Language point 7 – pointing people outWhen we are indicating or pointing a person out, we use that ratherthan the pronouns he or she. So when Stuart indicates ... number of idiomatic meanings in colloquial English. In Dialogue 7, Su asks Is Tim off today?, and in Dialogue 11,Rosemary says that Steve is off on a course – in this kind of-phrase, off111123456789101112111314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041421113 ... open, inviting Stuart to agree or disagree with it. In this case, Stuart agrees by saying Good idea – he could also havesaid any of these other phrases:OK (, then)All right (, then)FineFine...
... someone’sjob:Harry’s in publishingFiona’s in fashionKath’s in educationPaul’s in politicsVicki’s in bankingJames is in advertisingFinally, notice the difference between in and into in this type ... teach?MARIAN: In the college here. What about you?ROSEMARY: I teach in a primary school. Language point 9 – ‘a’/‘an’ and ‘the’ In Dialogue 9, Rosemary says I teach in a primary school – she usesthe INDEFINITE ... do in the evenings?BOB: Sometimes I go and work out2 in the gym. Or I watchTV. Or I go and see friends.1 get up = ‘rise’, ‘get out of bed in the morning’2 work out = ‘do exercises’Language...
... thinga reason a way/method Language point 16 – mine and yours In Dialogue 7, Fred says That’s mine, meaning That’s my latte.Look at these two sentences:This is my coffeeThis coffee is mine ... pianoJames drink coffee speak RussianOliver wear glasses drink coffeeJenny play the piano wear glasses Language point 14 – forms of the verbThere are five main forms of the verb inEnglish – ... meet one morning in a crowded café in London.ANDY: Do you mind if I sit here?BETH: Not at all.ANDY: It’s busy in here, isn’t it?BETH: It’s always like this in the mornings.ANDY:...
... He’s drinking milk(?) Is he drinking milk?(–) He isn’t drinking milk or He’s not drinking milkWe form the ing-form of the verb simply by adding ing to the base-form:drink drinkingeat eatingtalk ... the present continuous by adding the verb be to the ING-FORMof the main verb:I’m drinking tea you’re drinking coffeehe’s drinking milk she’s drinking orange juicewe’re drinking hot chocolate ... rulesA base-form ending in a silent e drops this before adding ing:come coming not ‘comeing’release releasing not ‘releaseing’One-syllable base-forms ending in a single vowel + single b p m n...
... UKparticularly for drinks. For an explanation of uncountable and countable nouns, see Language point 23 below. Language point 23 – counting and quantityThere are two types of noun in English: ã nouns ... table’There are a lot of people in the meetingnot ‘There are many people in the meeting’ButThere isn’t much food on the tableThere aren’t many people in the meetingAnd we do say how much, too ... food in the tin can be either uncount-able (cat food, ham, rice pudding) or countable (carrots, potatoes), but the tin itself is always countable! Another word for tin is can, which is used in...
... something’.tick off – ‘make a mark with a pen or pencil against an item on a list’.write (something) in – ‘add something in writing’.Life and living – numbers and moneyNumbersJust as in most ... beer, no wine, no crisps, What kind of pub is this?ASSISTANT: A bad one. Language point 25 – ‘have’We saw got inLanguage point 24 – but got is also used with haveto show possession in colloquial ... ‘draw a line through’.fill in – ‘complete (a form)’.give back (something) – ‘return (something)’.leave out – ‘omit’; ‘not include’.tear up – ‘destroy by tearing’.sell out (of something) – ‘sell...
... Fine. I wouldn’t mind having a drink – I’m quitethirsty, actually. What do you think, Nina?NINA: OK by me. We can discuss Danish cinema over somebeers, can’t we? Language point 29 – making ... (buy/buying) an ice cream?4 How about (take/taking) a walk in the park?5 Shall we (catch/catching) a bus into town?6 How about (meet/meeting) James and Terry for a drink?7 How about (play/playing) ... ________________________ ? Language point 31 – offering to let someone do something, or suggesting itAs well as offering something to somebody, we can offer to letsomebody do something. Look at these...
... tea?’111123456789101112111314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041421175 Language point 33 – liking doing thingsAs well as talking about liking things, you can also talk about likingdoing things. Look at these two sentences:Sue ... theend of Language point 33 – can you draw two lines to divide theanswers into positive, neutral and negative? Language point 34 – choosing betweentwo things, and pointing them outYou can ... radio?helping sunbathing doing playhelpplaying listening dodon’t does would dolikes like working stayExercise 9Look at the answers to the question ‘Do you like fast food?’ at theend of Language...
... (me, him, her, etc.). In English the object pronouns can also include the meaning to:me = ‘to me’you = ‘to you’her = ‘to her’him = ‘to him’ In this meaning we call them INDIRECT OBJECTpronouns. ... Smith?6 Could you get f that?7 Is that g back later.8 I’ll ring h speaking. Language point 36 – direct and indirect objects In Dialogue 1 Vicki says to Dave:Can you give me his number?We ... yesterday yesterday yesterday morning afternoon evening(this) this morning this afternoon this evening(next) tomorrow tomorrow tomorrow morning afternoon eveningIt is wrong to say, for example,...
... PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Language point 21) to talk aboutsomething that will happen in the future. In the same way, Henrysays about the house:We’re sellingit next yearand later in the Dialogue, ... drivingback till Tuesday In Unit 3 we saw that the present continuous is used for actions andevents happening now:I’m reading a bookJane’s sitting in the gardenThe children are playing football111123456789101112111314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041421199 ... and machines when we want them tostart working – we use the onswitch. (We also say turn on to mean thesame thing).think over – when we think something over (not ‘think over something’),we...
... (sees/’s seeing) her family this evening.9 I (don’t expect/’m not expecting) any post today.10 (Do you see/Are you seeing) what I’m saying? Language point 46 – ‘bring’ and ‘take’Bring and take ... not going to meet them after all.5 The trains go to be late all day today.6 Does he going to be late again?7 Do we going to be in time?8 My brother’s going to do the cooking.9 I’ll going to ... common PHRASAL VERBS (Language point 44):bring in take awaybring out take offbring up take overbring round take outbring over take onSome of these have obvious meanings – take away, for...
... level)signalling – giving a sign that something will happenapproach of winter – that winter is comingdrizzle – very light but steady raindownpour – very heavy rainflurries – light snow blowing in the ... doctor again.118 4 Bert and Fiona are coming, and they’re (bringing/taking) thekids.5 (Bring/Take) those keys over to me.6 The food’s already here – who’s (bringing/taking) the drinks?7 Shall ... electrical storm with thunder and lightningumbrella – something for protecting you from the rain116 Language point 47 – ‘can’, ‘could’ and ‘should’ In Language point 18 we saw the AUXILIARYcould...