energy efficient utility generation and distribution

... electric utility Khoa Điện-Điện Tử 2002 – 2007 Stand-alone PV system CHƯƠNG TRÌNH Đ ÀO TẠO KỸ SƯ CHẤT LƯỢNG CAO VIỆT-PHÁP PFIEV • Operate independent of the electric utility grid • designed and sized ... applications: explore closedgridclosedloop control with estimated and monitored fast and accurated enough grid voltage and frequency, and synchronized the current with the grid voltage Khoa Điện-Điện ... bioutput circuits and the electric utility network Either supply on-site electrical loads, or to back-feed the grid when the PV system output is greater than the on-site load demand When the electrical...

Ngày tải lên: 26/04/2013, 08:26

... Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances and stand-alone configurations, in order to prevent possible problems with a proper design and management of this generation ... level of the LV and MV grids, diffused renewable generation 20 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances units should be enabled by the standards and by appropriate ... installations and prevent maintenance strategies belonging to RCM and solve the technical and economic objectives of the exploitation of distribution systems and systems that use electrical energy Chapter...

Ngày tải lên: 26/06/2014, 23:20

... Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances and stand-alone configurations, in order to prevent possible problems with a proper design and management of this generation ... requires energy to produce and package, to distribute to shops or front doors, to operate, and then to be got rid ofi The global demand for energy is expected to increase but conventional energy ... installations and prevent maintenance strategies belonging to RCM and solve the technical and economic objectives of the exploitation of distribution systems and systems that use electrical energy Chapter...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... u and y are input and output functions Q and P are a nonlinear subspace and a linear subspace L is a linear coefficient d is output offset as and aw are a scaling coefficient and a wavelet coefficient ... coefficient bs and bw are a scaling dilation coefficient and a 64 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances wavelet dilation coefficient cs and cw are scaling ... condition and a fault condition like islanding Three factors affecting the operation of inverters are input weather conditions, local loads and utility grid variations 56 Electrical Generation and Distribution...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... Wang and Ying-Hao Lin, “Small-Signal Stability and Transient Analysis of an Autonomous PV System”, Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2008 80 Electrical Generation and Distribution ... Comparison of measured and modeled electrical parameters of the FVHC condition and the transient step down condition 76 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances ... between modeling and experimental outputs, (iii) FPE and AIC, both of these values need be lowest for high accuracy of modeling (iv) 70 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... Interface distribution of the operation times and repair times Fig 20 Interface for the reliability and nonreliability functions 109 110 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power ... of renewable energy sources such as wind energy, fuel cells and solar energy Distributed power generation system (DPGS) is alternative source of energy to meet rapidly increase energy consumption ... Maintenance Actions in Transmission and Distribution Networks, In: Proceedings of the 3rd International 112 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances Conference...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... v(t )} dt Loss of Energy: The loss of energy “LE” is defined as the integral of the drop in energy during the event: (1) 144 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances ... hysteresis band From the above graphs we could say that % THD variation is less in modified ramp type current controller Switching frequency is 134 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and ... Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances Milosevic Mirjana, Hysteresis current control in three phase voltage source inverter, ETH publications, power systems and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... 148 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances A sensitive setting will result in a large number of shallow events (with a low voltage sag energy) and this in ... industrial and commercial power systems IEEE Std 1100, (1999) IEEE Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding Electronic Equipment 160 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power ... characterising voltage 152 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances sags The voltage sags are caused by an increase in reactive demand due to induction motor starting...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... a unified power flow with series and shunt elements 216 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances In Fig 14 combined shunt and series controllers inject current ... (δ cR ) ) (11) Where VvR and VcR are the controllable magnitude, 218 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances max VvR ≤ VvR ≤ VvR , and phase angle, ≤ δ vR ... Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances Fig 20 The package for FACTS modelling and analysis (SimFACTS) with three languages: Arabic, English and French In...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... development and control for a SRM drive with front-end boost SMR were presented in (Chai & Liaw, 2009) In (Chai et al, 2008), the novel random 252 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power ... imbalance caused by source voltage and switching operation, and it can provide fault tolerant operation 258 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances 3.2.3 ... devices without any extra current and voltage stress 260 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances Operation principle and some key issues of SMR 4.1 Single-phase...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... Proceedings of IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, pp 293-298, ISBN 0-7803-0983-9 290 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances Tanitteerapan, T ... another IGBT pair to save part and cost With this circuit configuration it is convenient to control the current 300 10 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances ... will be used 304 14 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH Conclusion In this chapter, a simple and integrated battery charger with...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... Abstract Demand Side Management (DSM) is one way to keep the balance between energy generation and energy consumption and is therefore important in grids with fluctuating renewable energy sources ... increasing energy generation of non controllable renewable energy sources like photovoltaic and wind power makes high demands on the flexibility of the remaining energy producing units and loads ... between anticipation and price elasticity to achieve lower Peak-toAverage Ratios and minimize waste of energy The results demonstrate that the final demand signal can be smoother and energy efficiency...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 20:20

... load currents during peak and emergency conditions, performing coordination studies that include source and low side protection equipment, and expected transformer size and winding configuration ... maintenance and cost advantages found with power fuses Protection and control devices, circuit breakers, and station batteries are required The overcurrent relays are a small part of the total cost and ... aging, contamination, cracking, internal moisture, and loss of oil can all cause a bushing to fail Two other possible reasons are vandalism and animals that externally flash over the bushing Transformer...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... above a small set-value SET_4 and the negative and zero sequence currents I2 and I2 not exceed a small set-value SET_3, then a fuse failure condition will pick up to one and remain in that state thanks ... recommended by the ANSI=IEEE guides and standards Fig 2.10 represents a typical dual definite-time characteristic whereas Fig 2.11 represents a combined definite and inverse-time characteristic One ... in case of a loss of VT signal and contrary to a fault condition, there should not be any change in the current’s magnitudes and phases Therefore, the negative and zero sequence currents should...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... those lines operating at 138 kV and above, subtransmission lines are 34.5 kV to 138 kV, and distribution lines are below 34.5 kV These are not rigid definitions and are only used to generically ... systems become more complex and the fault current varies with changes in generation and system configuration, directional overcurrent relays become difficult to apply and to set for all contingencies, ... multiphase fault between phases x and y, Ex À Ey ¼ Z1 Ix À Iy (3:1) where x and y can be a, b, or c and Z1 is the positive sequence impedance between the relay location and the fault For ground distance...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... operating conditions such as voltage profile and generation dispatch, coordinating relays and controls, and load shedding Most utilities rely on planning and operation studies to guard against voltage ... separates, islands with an imbalance between generation and load are formed One consequence of the imbalance is deviation of frequency from the nominal value If the generators cannot handle the imbalance, ... PMUs, and performs data checks, records disturbances, and rebroadcasts the combined data stream to other monitor and control applications This type of unit fulfills the need for both hard and soft...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... ANSI=IEEE Standard C37.90, provides the standard for the Surge Withstand Capability (SWC) to be built into protective relay equipment The standard consists of both an oscillatory and transient ... in time and Eq (5.44) represents the measurements The terms wk and vk are discrete time random processes representing state noise, i.e., random inputs in the evolution of the parameters, and measurement ... state x, and recursively updates the estimate of state The initial assumption about the state is that it is a random vector independent of the processes wk and vk and with a known mean and covariance...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... reclosure, and delayed breaker failure response for permanent faults upon reclosure, and a ‘‘stuck’’ breaker In Fig 6.3 two waveforms are shown that depict adequate carrier response for internal and ... ‘‘off ’’ initially and cut ‘‘on’’ shortly after fault initiation It stayed ‘‘on’’ for a few cycles after the fault cleared and stayed ‘‘off ’’ all during the reclose ‘‘dead’’ time and after restoration ... This restrike cannot be extinguished and will last until the oil becomes badly carbonized and a subsequent fault occurs between the bus breaker terminal and the breaker tank (ground) In Fig 6.15...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... rotor angle instability and voltage instability go hand in hand One may lead to the other, and the distinction may not be clear However, distinguishing between angle stability and voltage stability ... faults, loss of generation, or circuit contingencies This ability is determined by the system-load characteristics and the interactions of both continuous and discrete controls and protections ... upset resulting in a significant imbalance between generation and load It depends on the ability to restore balance between system generation and load, with minimum loss of load Severe system...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... or island, a power system into areas with ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC balanced generation and load Some load shedding or generation tripping may also be required in selected islands ... Load and generation forecast: The design process must use forecast information about the amount, distribution, and characteristics of the connected loads as well as the location and amount ... to be equal to Area Area represents the energy gained by the rotor during acceleration and Area represents energy lost during deceleration Figures 8.6 and 8.7 show the rotor response (defined...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08