endocrine and autocrine disorders in critical illness

... domain protein; IRAK, interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase; LBP, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase; RIP, receptor interacting ... within the past years in our understanding of how cytokine storm is elicited during severe infection offer a good deal of promise Although success in treating sepsis with individual cytokine inhibitors ... means of intermediate transducers such as receptor interacting protein (RIP) [25], TNF-receptor associated death domain protein (TRADD) [26] and, indirectly, Fas associated death domain protein (FADD)...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... Hospital and performed in accordance with NH&MRC guidelines for research involving critically ill humans In all cases, critically ill patients were unable to provide their own consent and written informed ... performed using SPSS version 14.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA) or Minitab 13 for windows (Minitab Inc, State College, PA, USA) The distribution of data was determined using D'Agostino Pearson ... 89 ± 34 minutes; P > 0.05) GE was inversely related to the baseline blood glucose level in the 16 critically ill patients who were not receiving insulin (retention at 60, 180 and 240 minutes -...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:22

... absorption and gastric emptying in critical illness Crit Care 2009, 13:R140 Chapman MJ, Nguyen NQ, Fraser RJ: Gastrointestinal motility and prokinetics in the critically ill Curr Opin Crit Care ... ICU setting ICU patients indeed show pharmacokinetic differences compared with normal individuals, including increased volume of distribution and variable clearance of substances [9,10] In septic ... absorptive capacity of the gut is indeed impaired during critical illness and to determine the causes and mechanisms of this With this aim in view, further development and validation of tools Page...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 19:20

... although confidence intervals were wide and overlapping As displayed in Table 3, SMRs for all disorders diminished in strength with increasing age Even so, all disorders remained significant predictors ... investigations in this area [10,12,13] Preliminary strategies for preventing premature deaths among people with SMI have been proposed, including the management of suicide risk and physical illness, ... and gender-standardised mortality ratios stratified by ethnic group SMRs for SMI diagnoses were comparable in size across all groups apart from non-significant findings in the smallest East and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:22

... are limited in terms of frequency or invasiveness in appropriate patients The finding that more than 50% of patients who remembered the ICU had memories of discomfort is disappointing To evaluate ... different patient populations, using similar methodology to that used in the study by van de Leur and colleagues, but including an objective measure of sedation/analgesia and a means to quantify the ... Competing interests 434 The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests 10 11 12 13 14 van de Leur JP, van der Schans CP, Loef BG, Deelman BG, Geertzen JHB, Swaveling JH: Discomfort and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... were included Figure Finally, as we suggested in the Discussion, the increased serum UA or TAC in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock could not be a consequence of renal failure (creatinine ... competing interests References Correlation between serum uric acid (UA) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score in severely septic patients with serum creatinine

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 02:24

... techniques Since differences in expression of proteins involved in the cytokine cascade are hypothesized as candidate genes, interactions between cytokine gene polymorphisms and these interventions ... mutation, and SNPs Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and contain one of the following four bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), or cytosine (C) A polymorphism is a common variation in ... for candidate gene analysis LD is a powerful tool in genetics During meiosis, pieces of maternal and paternal DNA are exchanged via recombination However, markers in LD remain tightly linked and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 02:24

... lymphocytes and related inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-3 and interleukin-4), can upregulate CCK-expressing cells, increase plasma CCK concentrations, and reduce energy intake Systemic inflammation ... delayed gastric emptying The mechanisms underlying the abnormally high plasma PYY levels during fasting and in response to small intestinal nutrients in critical illness are unclear In the current ... during both fasting and nutrient-stimulation, particularly in feed-intolerant patients • In critical illness, the release of PYY in response to nutrients is not dose-dependent • In critical illness, ...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... to insulin administration, use of vasoactive medications, and use of continuous renal replacement therapy [31] Observational data and findings from randomized trials have shown that TGC with insulin ... Rosa G: The effect of intensive insulin therapy on infection rate, vasospasm, neurologic outcome, and mortality in neurointensive care unit after intracranial aneurysm clipping in patients with acute ... hypoglycemia in a general ICU population that does not incorporate a protocol-driven approach for maintaining TCG with IIT In contrast, in a twoyear survey of a single center where TGC by IIT was routinely...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... confidence interval; LHL, late hyperlactatemia; OR, odds ratio Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests Author details Locum Consultant Intensive Care, The Prince ... hyperlactatemia and hospital mortality in critically ill patients: a retrospective multi-centre study Crit Care 2010, 14:R25 Totaro RJ, Raper RF: Epinephrine-induced lactic acidosis following cardiopulmonary ... Georges Street, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia 4School of Engineering Systems, Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 20:22

... GH-releasing hormone and causes weight gain and obesity by increasing food intake and diminishing lipid utilisation in non-critically ill individuals [28,29] Before a meal ghrelin serum levels rise and ... Before promoting ghrelin as a new therapeutic target in intensive care medicine it is (in our opinion) essential to elucidate the regulation of ghrelin in human critical illness, sepsis and septic ... target in critical care medicine with ghrelin or a ghrelin mimetic as a new therapeutic option [16] Nevertheless, the findings on the responses of ghrelin to endotoxin in animal models and in healthy...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 20:22

... patients have problems in standing up from a sitting position, maintaining postural stability, and adopting an erect posture Patients may lose Epidemiologic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects ... mainly due to dopaminergic overstimulation and include dyskinesias, hallucinations, and nausea Unfortunately, fulminant hepatitis was reported in three patients and tolcapone was withdrawn in ... noticed progressive clumsiness while walking, rigidity in upper and lower limbs, and marked difficulty in rising from an armless chair and turning in bed He was diagnosed with PD and l-dopa was started...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 22:21

... Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), Diagnosis and management of head and neck cancer A national clinical guideline, Edinburgh (Scotland): Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network ... research and clinical purpose in order to determine the global functional outcome of speech and voice after the treatment of head and neck cancer It allows quantifying the intelligibility also in severely ... validation set (the training and validation corpora were the same as in [16]) This ASR system is integrated into the “Program for the Evaluation and Analysis of all Kinds of Speech disorders (PEAKS)...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... postage and conservancy); kitchen (including food and gas expenses); diagnostics (clinical laboratory and imagery); maintenance (of vehicles, equipment and buildings); rents and rates; and capital ... patients and their families, including: returnjourney bus fare for patients, accompanying persons and visitors; lunch and dinner expenses when visiting patients; accommodation expenses during visits; ... kitchen (food and gas), and utilities accounted for 61%, 5%, 7% and 3% respectively Table presents a summary of the direct and indirect costs The cost of operating and organizing inpatient psychiatric...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 20:23

... situations, including the processing of relevant information, problem solving, and planning ability Several tasks examining this require cognitive flexibility or internally guided behavior: Wisconsin ... difficulty in identifying odors, not in remembering them or discriminating between them [27] If olfaction is commonly impaired in PD, in depression and in various frontal conditions, this could be again ... from other causes of the akinetic-rigid syndrome, or errors in differentiating dementia from confusional states, depression and even ageing, or in defining and assessing dementia itself [3] If...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 21:20

... participants in the tailoring process, the implemented changes in practice, and their ideas about influencing factors will be structured, interpreted, and described in a qualitative way Direct and indirect ... the tailoring process and the one-day training and feedback, (b) material costs for the one-day training, and (c) the costs per hour of the GP related to the implemented interventions In addition, ... multidisciplinary guidelines on anxiety and depressive disorders Criteria for high-risk patients are described in the clinical guidelines for anxiety and depressive disorders for general practice In a...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:20

... determines changes in endocrine and follicular profiles, estrous onset, ovulation and pregnancy rates A second objective was to characterize the ovarian response and the endocrine profiles in MAP-primed ... of interval to estrus onset, and ovulation and conception rates in cyclic ewes primed with intravaginal sponges containing 60 mg of MAP for 12 days While Control ewes remained near rams during ... Endocrinology 1981, 108, 772-777 Hunter GL, Belonje PC, Van Niekerk CH: Synchronized mating and lambing in spring-bred Merino sheep: the use of progestogen-impregnated intravaginal sponges and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... surrounding end-of-life decision making Autopsy continues to provide unique and valuable data and it is not obsolete in critical illness Competing interests None declared References Perkins GD, ... findings helped to highlight shifts in clinical practice and to inform the clinician of new sequelae of emerging treatments and found that only 7% of discrepancies would have altered therapy and ... undiagnosed infection and that one-half of these were fungal in origin and were found in transplant patients As a result of this observation, these investigators initiated an enhanced infection...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... other cytokines and independent from mechanical loading in endotoxemia, has recently been described in rats [104] In fact, increased plasma levels of endotoxin have also been found in other conditions ... related to A-, B- and C-type natriuretic peptides Endocrinology 1998, 139:4021-4025 44 Garbers DL: Guanylat cyclase receptors and their endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine ligands Cell 1992, 71:1-4 ... J Clin Invest 1995, 96:1093-1099 β 109 He Q, LaPointe MC: Interleukin-1β regulation of the human brain natriuretic peptide promotor involves Ras-, Rac-, and p38 kinase-dependent pathways in cardiac...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... Critical Care October 2004 Vol No Coleman and Brines Although EPO that is produced in an autocrine paracrine manner has been implicated in tissue protective effects in the brain, spinal ... dose recombinant human erythropoietin administration? Protection by recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) of compressive spinal cord injury in the rat rhEPO ameliorates spinal cord injury with ... significantly improved by administration of rhEPO following injury (reviewed by Erbayraktar and coworkers [25] and by Beumi and coworkers [26]) in multiple species, including humans [27] Third, rhEPO...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20