emotion and behavior in alzheimer s disease and other dementias

... proteins with either polyglutamine or polyalanine expansions in Huntington disease, Huntington related diseases, and various forms of a-synuclein associated with Parkinson disease and synucleinopathies ... its N-terminus (Thr56) that subsequently blocks eEF2 binding to ribosomes, resulting in decreased rates of protein synthesis Dephosphorylation of eEF2 relieves its translational restriction and ... previously measured by indirect ELISA in the same set of tissues as dot blots [6] Immunohistochemistry Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 20-lM formalin-fixed frozen sections (two AD cases,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... pathological disease state and investigated brain area, methods of analysis, as well as technical issues The data presented in this study are in agreement with the findings of Yermakova and O'Banion ... Demographic characteristics of the cases used in this study Shown are differences between groups of the cases used in this study [PMI post-mortem interval, SD standard deviation] Braak score for neurofibrillary ... Mueksch B, Boehringer M, Hull M: Interleukin-1beta induces cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E(2) synthesis in human neuroblastoma cells: involvement of p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... groups Similar results were obtained when the analysis was carried out using LSS scores as proxy of status (p < 0.025, lowest vs highest LSS scores) As shown in Figure 2, high serum AOC levels predicted ... clinical diagnosis of probable Alzheimer' s disease [10] All participants underwent a physical examination, blood tests and neuroimaging assessments They also underwent cognitive assessments using the ... MMSE scores Figure MMSE AOC Serum scoreslevels in participants grouped according to Serum AOC levels in participants grouped according to MMSE scores Square and circle symbols indicate controls...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... of CAA in leptomeningeal and cortical vessels with few diffuse plaques, severe loss of SMCs, weakening of vessel walls leading to hemorrhage and perivascular microgliosis and astrocytosis The ... aggregation in sporadic AD brain There is now a renewed interest in studying APP processing in sporadic AD brain, and in understanding the mechanisms of Ab truncation and modification Most transgenic ... pathogenesis Therapeutic studies in AD models Access to good animal models is crucial to success in developing disease- modifying therapeutics However, AD neuropathology is incomplete in the Ab-expressing...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... findings to the human disorders, distinct differences remain These models may be appropriate for studying some aspects of a disease process, while less suitable for others To determine the significance ... The PS/APP mouse carries both of these transgenes and has been extensively used as a model for studying processes relating to the formation of SPs Aβ deposition occurs more rapidly in these mice ... Landreth GE: Inflammation, apoptosis, and Alzheimer' s disease Neuroscientist 2002, 8:276-283 Gupta A, Pansari K: Inflammation and Alzheimer' s disease Int J Clin Pract 2003, 57:36-39 Hoozemans...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... global inhibition of src-family tyrosine kinases or inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) attenuates ROS production These findings suggest that these kinases are involved in upstream signaling ... http://www.jneuroinflammation.com/content/3/1/30 kinases Lyn and Fyn as well as the tyrosine kinase Syk [30,32,52] Activation of these signaling cascades are linked to the synthesis and secretion of proinflammatory molecules and cytokines ... progressive pathophysiology associated with this disease The results summarized in this review suggest that ROS and iNOS released through NADPH-dependent mechanisms contribute to the extensive...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... microglia is already increased in early pathological stages of AD and in cognitively normal subjects with frequent presence of plaques and tangles [3,4] Clinical studies using positron emission tomography ... cases Page of Discussion In this study, we compared the age-dependent presence of microglia and astrocytes, which is indicative of a neuroinflammatory response, in controls and AD cases We show ... arbitrary units) for controls (open dots) and AD patients (closed dots) Straight lines represent regression lines, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals microglia in young AD cases might reflect...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... neurological, psychiatric and neuropsychological assessments were reviewed in a consensus conference comprised of neurologists, psychiatrists, and neuropsychologists Based on this review all participants ... cognitive skills remained stable Increased age was associated with lower scores in all cognitive domains while increased education was associated with higher scores APOE-␧4 was not associated with ... education, and ethnic background were included as covariates in subsequent analyses The GEE analyses yields beta values which represent associations between a factor score and variables included in the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... cognitive functioning Cognitive screening includes using validated screening instruments, such as the MMSE, and brief bedside assessments Cognitive screenings are usually sensitive to significant cognitive ... distinguish from Parkinson s disease, but the parkinsonism in DLB differs from Parkinson s disease by being more often symmetric, with less pronounced tremor (if any) Hallucinations are also ... toward scan interpretation that integrates the visual and quantifying information present in clinical PET scans Visual Assessment Systematic visual examination of a clinical brain PET scan involves...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... analysis, data analysis and presentation and assisted with perfusions and animal care; OY performed immunohistochemistry and image analysis; DC assisted with the design of the study and manuscript ... memory loss in a mouse transgenic model of Alzheimer' s disease J Neurosci 2002, 22:6331-6335 Selkoe DJ, Schenk D: Alzheimer' s disease: molecular understanding predicts amyloid-based therapeutics Annu ... activation fragments, C3b and iC3b) and thus, whether those plaques remaining are less opsonized or display some other distinguishing characteristic remains to be determined The mechanism by which immunization...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... differences, and the small sample sizes used in some studies In previous ELISA studies comparing these antibodies in AD subjects vs normal controls, only Moir et al [3], Gruden et al [14,15], and Nath ... encouraging results were obtained in two clinical trials in which IvIg was administered to AD patients [22,23] and a multi-site phase trial is in progress In our ELISA studies we found that in addition ... with this approach Methods Serum samples Serum samples were obtained from the Rush Alzheimer s Disease Center (Chicago, IL) from individuals whose diagnosis on the basis of post-mortem clinical...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... Bonotis K, et al: Systemic immune aberrations in Alzheimer s disease patients J Immunol 2008, 193:183-187 Holmes C, et al: Systemic inflammation and disease progression in Alzheimer disease Neurol ... how is joint osteoarthritis linked to AD pathology? Numerous clinical and animal reports in the past showed an increase in circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of patients and small ... Massive gliosis induced by interleukin-6 suppresses Aβ deposition in vivo: evidence against inflammation as a driving force for amyloid deposition FASEB 2004, 24:548-559 19 Shaftel SS, et al: Sustained...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... regardless of disease state, and not if they failed solely in the control or diseased brain tissue structure, interactions Brain tissue was ground in liquid nitrogen (mortar and pestle) Tissue powder ... polymorphism and certain clinical phenotypes, such as measures of disease severity or responsiveness to medications In doing this, we would be able to indirectly associate the splicing event ... channel genes in human brain tissue samples collected from patients with AD and mTLE In addition to identifying disease- associated splicing variation, a secondary aim of this work was to assess the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 18:20

... Psychological Disorders Alzheimer s Disease and Other Dementias Psychological Disorders Addiction Alzheimer s Disease and Other Dementias Anxiety Disorders Child Abuse and Stress Disorders Depression ... feelings, vision problems, etc Degenerative diseases like Huntington s disease or other rare, usually genetically transmitted diseases may also cause dementia in adolescents This illness destroys ... 28 Alzheimer s Disease and Other Dementias colors) Patients may have loss of language skills, which shows up as problems finding words to express themselves Patients may become disoriented and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 18:20

... gels (A,C) and 1% agarose gels (B,D), and proteins were visualized by Coomassie stain Lanes HS and LS are molecular mass standards, with the molecular mass in kDa given on the left (E) 1% agarose ... amino acid analysis and sequencing Amino acid analysis was performed at the Amino Acid Analysis Center, University of Uppsala, Sweden Sequence analysis was performed using an Applied Biosystems ... Procise 492 cLC sequenator (Applied Biosystems, Framingham, MA, USA) employing standard Edman chemistry, and MS analysis was undertaken using an LCQDECA LC ⁄ MS system (ThermoFinnigan, San Jose,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 13:20

... loss is probably the most common sign associated with Alzheimer s disease In the initial stages of the disease, close associates may observe that the victim seems forgetful and has problems concentrating ... thinks of Alzheimer s patients as confused, helpless individuals But this is not necessarily accurate—not in the beginning stages of the disease, at least Even in later stages, some patients ... virus (HIV), Parkinson s disease, and Huntington s disease; and substance-induced persisting dementia, which may be caused by drug abuse, the use of certain medications, or exposure to poisons...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... test the latter hypothesis other inhibitors were also applied in the COS-7 cell fluorescence assay, including in particular proteasome and caspase inhibitors The inhibitors lactacystin (0.5 lM and ... fluorescence We show the application of this assay to the testing of c-secretase inhibitors and PS1 mutants This assay allows for the first time the selection of cell populations and single cells ... expressing the APP substrate Lactacystin and the other inhibitors did not decrease the fluorescence in cells transfected with the Notch substrate, confirming that the fluorescence observed was mostly...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... lipofuscinosis Multiple infarct dementia “Binswanger s disease “Small vessel ischemic disease CADASIL Schizophrenia Dementia syndrome of depression Bipolar disorder Malingering Obsessive compulsive ... treating Alzheimer s disease In 1984, the first clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer s disease was published, and the first five Alzheimer s Disease Research Centers were established ... Medical School Massachusetts Alzheimer s Disease Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA Preface This book provides a comprehensive review of Alzheimer s disease and other dementias...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 21:20

... was one predominant transcription start site and several other transcription start sites in the mouse CB1 gene that were used to express the CB1 gene in striatal and cortical neurons We consistently ... neurotransmission, and abnormalities in cannabinoid signalling or modulation of dopamine signalling or both have been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases including HD and Parkinson disease, ... ubiquitously expressed transcription factors Another possibility is that mutant huntingtin itself has a characteristic that is unique when this protein is expressed in the striatum It appears that...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... kinase domain that inactive kinase activity likewise reduces toxicity In one cell model, LRRK2 expression may cause increases in caspase-8 activation as a result of a kinase-sensitive association ... variants segregate with disease in large families The most common of the known LRRK2 mutations (G201 9S) increases in vitro kinase activity, analogous to mutations in the same kinase subdomain in ... mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) proteins in signaling cell death upon a number of cytotoxic insults in neurons [25,26] Recently, MAPK kinases (MAPKK) were documented as substrates of LRRK2...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:20