emissionstons of carbon dioxide equivalent per gigawatt hour

... metric tons per cubic meter of product) * carbon fraction (metric tons of carbon per oven dry metric tons of wood material) = Carbon factor (metric tons of carbon per cubic meters of product) ... Average pulp carbon factor *cu m of roundwood/FMT * 1000 * 44/12 = Kilograms of CO per finished metric ton of coated paper Where, Average pulp carbon factor = metric tons of carbon per cu m of roundwood ... Figure 4.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions per metric ton of BHKP by Energy Type 31 Figure 4.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Metric ton of BSKP by Energy Type 32 Figure 4.4 Carbon Dioxide...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 05:20

... attention Catalyzing separation of carbon dioxide Catalysis by addition to carbon dioxide An alternative means of promoting the separation of carbon dioxide suggested in the paper by Sauers et al [43] ... of the carbanion to an associated molecule of carbon dioxide, the rate constant will be approximately the same as the frequency of vibration of a carbon carbon bond The stretching frequency of ... Rathgeber Catalyzing separation of carbon dioxide with carbon dioxide as an electrophile Thus, the overall protonation process facilitates the diffusional separation of carbon dioxide and HBnTh This requires...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 06:20

... Aspects of carbon dioxide utilization Catal Today 115(1–4):33–52 18 He L-N, Wang J-Q, Wang J-L (2009) Carbon dioxide chemistry: examples and challenges in chemical utilization of carbon dioxide ... supercritical carbon dioxide J Am Chem Soc 123(6): 1254–1255 Liu F, Abrams MB, Baker RT et al (2001) Phase-separable catalysis using room temperature ionic liquids and supercritical carbon dioxide ... palladium nanoparticles in supercritical carbon dioxide Angew Chem Int Ed 44(9):1346–1349 14 Reetz MT, Wiesenhofer W (2004) Liquid poly(ethylene glycol) and supercritical carbon dioxide as a biphasic...

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 23:43

... [25], and fear of death [25] The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of serum pO , serum partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), and partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (petCO2) ... NDE, near-death experience; petCO2, initial partial end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide; pCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; pO2, partial pressure of oxygen; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; ... pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide; pCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide; pO2: partial pressure of oxygen; NMDA receptors: N-methyl D-aspartate receptors Acknowledgements We are grateful to Professor...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 20:21

... Gross Calorific Value of coal = 14840 kJ/kg Carbon fraction of coal = 0.849948 Carbon fraction of natural gas = 0.75 Combustion efficiency of coal = 26% Combustion efficiency of natural gas = 80% ... 2.52 1.3 Mass of Fuel (% of Air) Mass of Blade Cooling Air (% of Air) 1.8 2.50 2.48 1.2 2.46 250 260 270 280 290 300 Compressor Inlet Temperature (K) Figure 5(a) Variation of mass of blade cooling ... refrigeration (kJ/kg of air), cpa is the specific heat of air at constant pressure (kJ/kg K), To is the ambient temperature (K), T1 is the compressor inlet temperature (K), Thc is the temperature of refrigerant...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... 1.1023 Carbon dioxide units at full molecular weight can be converted into carbon units by dividing by 44/12 The average output rate is the ratio of pounds of carbon dioxide emitted per kilowatthour ... Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Agency/ Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Generation of Electric Power in the United States Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Generation of Electric ... 17 Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Agency/ Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Generation of Electric Power in the United States iii Tables Page Summary of Carbon Dioxide Emissions...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 02:20

... equilibration before addition of the enzyme solution The consumption of NADPH was monitored at 340 nm, and one unit of activity was defined as lmol of NADPH oxidized per For determination of optimum pH in ... radioactivity of oxaloacetate was 3.6-fold greater than that of malate and 21-fold greater than that of the sum of citrate and isocitrate In addition, 14CO2-labeling indicated that oxaloacetate was one of ... solution in mL of 100 mM 2-(cyclohexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid (Ches) buffer (pH 9.0) The increase of NADPH was detected by absorbance at 340 nm, and one unit of activity was defined as lmol of NADPH...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... emissions, a calcination factor of 0.136 Mt of carbon (MtC)/t of clinker (0.5 Mt of CO2/t of clinker) (1 Mt of CO2 = 0.27 MtC = 0.27 Tg of C) was applied to each metric ton of clinker produced Actual ... average world carbon intensity of carbon emissions in cement production is 222 kg of C/t of cement Although China is the largest emitter, the most carbonintensive cement region in terms of carbon emissions ... average world carbon intensity of carbon emissions in cement production is 222 kg of C/t of cement Although China is the largest emitter, the most carbon- intensive cement region in terms of carbon emissions...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:20

... Figure 2: Demonstration of the disassembly of a defunct LCD Carbon dioxide extraction was carried out using a Thar Technologies SFE-500F-2-FMC System and liquid withdrawal carbon dioxide (99.9 %) The ... through use of fractional separators or at the point of extraction by stepwise alterations of pressure and temperature Figure 6: A) Structure of isolated component, B) 1H NMR spectrum of isolated ... NMR spectrum of isolated component (A) CONCLUSION Liquid crystal mixtures of high value can easily be extracted with liquid carbon dioxide within 15 minutes At present, fractionation of liquid crystal...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 10:50

... temperature and pressure of CO2 2.6 Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SC CO2 E) A flow diagram of SC CO2 E system is presented in Fig The extractor column was densely packed with 10 g of ... % Extraction of curcumin from curcuma powder using supercritical CO2 3.3 Ultra-sonic assisted extraction (UAE) 3.4 Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SC CO2 E) 3.3.1 Effect of ultra-sonic ... expressed in min−1 at 1, 3, and irradiation exposure period The % yield of curcumin is calculated after total extraction time of Table Supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extraction technique based...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 13:23

... In the second stages of pyrolysis, purified carbon dioxide gas was used instead of nitrogen with the contact time of 90 at each of the activation temperatures The activated carbon produced was ... of activated carbon However, the decrease of micropore volume at higher pyrolysis temperatures in the range of 600oC–800oC was caused by a contraction or breaking of some of the porous wall of ... Characteristics of Activated Carbons 102 Figure 5: Composition of activated carbon prepared by chemical activation with 65% solution of ZnCl2 at the pyrolysis temperature of 500oC area of 1429.71...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:20

... using the root biomass of the forest oor, the soil temperature time series of the measurement period and the equation of Gansert [24] describing the temperature dependence of beech ne root respiration ... carbon stock of the forest oor were estimated for 1996, an average year for air temperature (Tab VI) Based on the laboratory incubations, we calculated that the equivalent of 70, 74 and 84% of the ... shallower rooting pattern of this species (Tab I); this could indeed increase the temperature sensitivity of rhizosphere respiration since supercial roots are more exposed to temperature variations...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:20

... atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, in: Strain B.R., Cure J.D (Eds.), Direct Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide on Vegetation Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Carbon Dioxide ... planting density of 5000 trees per (spacing m × m) The six experimental plots were planted with three different poplar genotypes at a planting density of 10000 trees per (spacing of m × m) in order ... near the middle of this century [37] The objectives of this paper are to report the results on the first year growth performance of the POPFACE experiment answering to some specific questions like:...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:21

... INTRODUCTION of To understand and The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an increase in CO con2 centration on the carbon gain of Quercus suber seedlings We examined the effects of ... respiration of temperate deciduous tree seedlings grown outdoors at an elevated concentration of carbon dioxide Plant Cell Environ 15, 541549 Ceulemans R, Mousseau M (1994) Effects of elevated ... impact of increasing CO upon natural vegetation, it is necessary to determine the nature and the direction of the responses in a range of plant species In this paper, we investigate the L effects of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... time of year provide an estimation of the physiological status of the plant just prior to planting-out (Guehl et al, 1989) All the plants of the different treatments were dormant at the period of ... (1985) Photosynthetic carbon dioxide exchange of bean plants grown at elevated carbon dioxide concentrations Can J Bot 63, 2026-2030 Ekwebelam SA, Reid CPP (1983) Effect of light, nitrogen fertilization, ... differential ADC-225 MK3 IRGA, alternately for periods of for the chambers by means of an automated switching system The dewpoint of the airs entering the chambers and of the different airs leaving the chambers...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 03:24

... decrease of g pronounced than that of A, partic- ularly during the first d after transplanting In February, the recovery of g in treatments TtP and Tt took place only from d 11, and recovery of g ... suggested the stimulating effect of Laccaria laccata - even observed in seedlings with a low percentage of mycorrhizal roots - to be related to the capacity of this fungus to produce growth regulators ... ug·g was the same as in our experiments Harris et al (1983) found that in leaf discs of Spinacia oleracea, low P led to a i loss of stomatal control and wide stomatal apertures, while high Pi induced...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 03:25

... were presented recently at the 15th Annual Congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, in Barcelona [4] In that new set of experiments conducted in sheep, ∆PCO2 did not increase ... complicate interpretation of results; high flow coexisting with islands of low flow may mimic the coexistence of a high carbon dioxide gap with normal or even high-flow oxygenation [6] As mentioned ... ml/kg per in HH) ∆PCO2 in IH increased to a maximum of about 40 mmHg, which is lower than the approximately 50 mmHg achieved in our work [3] This suggests that the DO2 challenge in the experiments...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... of carbon dioxide; PaO2, (arterial) partial pressure of oxygen; PCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the sweep gas; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; PvCO2, mixed venous carbon dioxide ... ventilation was started with the reduction of minute volume, titrated to reach an arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) greater than 70 mmHg After a period of at least 30 minutes without significant ... analysis of PaCO2 was performed on the whole sample of seven sheep, considering only t0 to t3 sampling times For each of the two long-treated sheep, mean and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... pulmonary perfusion pressure (dilution of carbon dioxide from perfused alveolar spaces) Gazmuri and colleagues [17,18] confirmed that both petCO2 and PaCO2 (arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide) ... arterial blood pressure (in millimeters of mercury); petCO2, end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide (in kilopascals); ROSC, restoration of spontaneous circulation Page of (page number not for citation ... results of this study are similar to those of the studies of Wenzel and colleagues [4] and Guyette and colleagues [5] and show higher rates of ROSC and survival at 24 hours in the group of patients...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... combinations of physiological aberrations may lead to inefficient carbon dioxide exchange related to intrapulmonary shunting of blood Conclusion In ARDS, perturbation of carbon dioxide exchange ... Haldane effect) was separated from the carbon dioxide elimination that depended on reduction in carbon dioxide tension One purpose of ventilation is to effect carbon dioxide exchange and achieve and ... allows accurate calculations of difference in carbon dioxide concentration between venous and arterial blood We amended this model to calculate effects of shunt on carbon dioxide exchange under different...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 10:20