emergency medical services response time and mortality in an urban setting

... Kunda J, Makasi CE, Mwaseba D, Range NS, Mfinanga GS: Perceptions of tuberculosis and treatment seeking behaviour in Ilala and Kinondoni Municipalities in Tanzania Tanzan J Health Res 2008, 10(2):89-94 ... contributions CM was involved in the design and implementation of the study, and drafted the manuscript ICS conceived and designed the study and critically revised the manuscript HM, DK and KV performed ... treatment management and is also included in the guidelines to improve cure rates and compliance Further, as part of patient monitoring and follow up, microscopy is to be repeated at 2, and months...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:20

... 2.6 mg/dL, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of 143 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of 201 U/L, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of 246 U/L, and creatine kinase of 1219 U/L The urine analysis showed ... by infection with L interrogans, a pathogenic spirochete The organism infects a variety of animals, especially rodents and animals associated with farming Humans represent only incidental infection ... through skin or mucous membranes, typically after exposure to water or soil contaminated with urine from an infected animal or via drinking of or bathing in contaminated water The main occupational...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:22

... 521-557 Hornstein, Norbert The Study of Meaning in Natural Language, In N Hornstein & D Lightfoot (Eds.), Explanation in Linguistics New York : Longman, 1981 Leech, Geoffrey N Meaning and the English ... before and after were inverses, then sentence and would have equivalent meanings which they not The definitions of before and after capture this assymetry While : align the anchor and main events ... (begin anchor-event(main-clause)) (begin anchor-event(subordinate-clause))) (= (end anchor-event(main-clause)) (end anchor-event(subordinate-clause))) (= (begin main-event(main-clause)) (begin main-event(subordinate-clause)))...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:21

... surveillance and reporting of cancers, from an increased number of cancer registries, and injuries, from injury surveillance systems Advances have also been achieved in malaria mapping and in the ... supply, demand, and mobility (transnational, regional, and local) These include large differences in remuneration and nonrewarding work in the low-income countries juxtaposed with a growing demand for ... Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview Florence K Baingana and Eduard R Bos Chapter Levels and Trends in Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview 11 Jacob Adetunji and Eduard R Bos Chapter Trends in Child...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 09:20

... Small Intestine Colon and Rectum Colon excluding Rectum Rectum and Rectosigmoid Junction Anus, Anal Canal and Anorectum Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Liver Intrahepatic Bile Duct Gallbladder Pancreas ... Small Intestine Colon and Rectum Colon excluding Rectum Rectum and Rectosigmoid Junction Anus, Anal Canal and Anorectum Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Liver Intrahepatic Bile Duct Gallbladder Pancreas ... Small Intestine Colon and Rectum Colon excluding Rectum Rectum and Rectosigmoid Junction Anus, Anal Canal and Anorectum Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Liver Intrahepatic Bile Duct Gallbladder Pancreas...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 23:20

... mortality decline Alain Bideau, Bertrand Desjardins, and Héctor Pérez Brignoli (eds.), Infant and Child Mortality in the Past Fetal health and mortality in the opening paragraph: live births and deaths ... and Spain, with Sweden and England and Wales for comparison 79 4.13 Annual timepath for infant (IMR) and late-fetal mortality (SBR): Italy, 1863–2000 80 4.14 Late-fetal (SBR) and infant -mortality ... mortality (SBR): Iceland 64 4.6 Late-fetal mortality (SBR): the Netherlands and the Province of Zeeland 65 4.7 Annual timepath for infant (IMR) and late-fetal mortality (SBR): the Netherlands, 1850–2005...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 10:33

... significant association between lactate clearance and biomarkers of pro- and anti-inflammation, coagulation, apoptosis; and further with multiorgan dysfunction and mortality in severe sepsis and ... the infecting pathogen may inhibit or induce apoptosis, involving both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, to enhance its damaging effects to the host [53] Caspase activation in apoptosis is an ... box-1 (HMGB-1) Anti-inflammatory biomarkers included interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) Coagulation and apoptosis biomarkers included D-Dimer and caspase-8,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:22

... microscopy were processed and embedded in paraffin Sections (five micron) were cut onto the polyL-Lysine coated slides and used for hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunostaining Pieces of the left ... (PBS containing 0.05%Tween-20) Standards and samples (100:l; diluted in PBST containing 1% BSA) were added to the wells and plate was incubated at 37°C for hours After removing standards and samples, ... by comparing LPS-induced lung inflammation and mortality in BDL rats and GCtreated BDL rats The dramatic finding was 100% and 80% survival in BDL rats that were treated with GC 48 hours and hours,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... for asthma was greater in women (Figure 1) than men, higher in the younger groups and in urban than suburban areas, lower in active smokers than non smokers and peaked in subjects who reported ... resident either in urban or suburban areas Areas were classified as suburban when the inhabitants of the municipal district were less than 40,000, urban otherwise Participants were divided into two ... (National Institute of statistics) 1998 for this group of subjects was mainly due to a statistically significant increase in mortality from accidents and a moderate increase in mortality from cancer and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... Oxygen-diffusing impairment and ventilation-perfusion maldistribution may play a role in developing hypoxemia in the mechanically ventilated SARS patient A decrease in PaO2/ FiO2 and increase in PaCO2 ... hospitalization Gattinoni et al also observed a similar finding in ARDS patients with pneumothorax [11] Increased dead space and cystic changes of lung parenchyma due to worsening underlying disease ... T-CL participated in the design of the study and performed the statistical analysis H-KK made contributions to the collection, analysis and interpretation of data J-HW, C-SS and Y-CH made contributions...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:22

... African-Americans were included Participants underwent baseline clinical examination, BMI measurement, and pulmonary function testing, and provided information on their medical and smoking history ... [25,26] Both increased insulin secretion and insulin resistance result from obesity, and hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are the hallmarks of diabetes Hyperglycemia has been shown to increase ... manuscript DMM and GSM designed the study, performed and interpreted the data analysis, and drafted the manuscript DED interpreted the data analysis and revised the manuscript All authors read and approved...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... study and drafted the manuscript LP and NdK were involved in the set-up of the study, performed the statistical analyses and helped in interpreting the results and writing the manuscript PK was involved ... was involved in the set-up of the study, interpreting the results and writing the manuscript JJ, DdL, PvdV, RB, RdW and RW were involved in interpreting the results and writing the manuscript All ... reduction in mortality was also found in a subgroup analysis only including strictly randomised controlled trials and in a subgroup of studies enrolled in European countries with a lower risk of mortality...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:23

... in the screening of patients, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, and they drafted and revised critically the manuscript JV was involved in analysis and interpretation of data and ... and hospital stays • The high prevalence of multiple organ failure at diagnosis and the high mortality in the first 48 h suggests delays in diagnosis, in initial resuscitation, and/ or in beginning ... overall incidence of sepsis reported in Spain is 367 cases/105 inhabitants/year, including 104 cases of severe sepsis/105 inhabitants/year and 44 cases of sepsis attended in the ICU/105 inhabitants/year...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:23

... of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation Statistical analyses Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) and compared between any two ... 1103) in less-intensive IRRT (P = 0.68) Outcomes CRRT On univariate analysis, age, SAPS II, SOFA score and serum creatinine on admission, SOFA score and serum creatinine on RRT initiation, and ... were shorter in the more-intensive RRT groups Our findings on mortality are congruent with an international observational study [25] and two recent randomised clinical trials on standard versus...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... analysis and interpretation, and participated in drafting the manuscript MJL, JM, LR, MJSLP, DP, and PV revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content All authors read and ... Krause KH: Ageing and infection Lancet Infect Dis 2002, 2:659-666 Holzheimer RG, Schein M, Wittmann DH: Inflammatory response in peritoneal exudate and plasma of patients undergoing planned relaparotomy ... and design, carried out data acquisition, analysis and interpretation, and drafted the manuscript BC contributed to data analysis and interpretation, and Page of (page number not for citation...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... administered medications and fluids, including vasopressin and osmotic therapy (defined as the use of 3% or 5% saline or mannitol to treat cerebral edema or raised intracranial pressure), urinary ... admitted (in fact, missing urine output was significantly and independently associated with increased mortality; data not shown) In some other cases, exact urine output recording was missing during ... onset of CDI – an independent marker of brain injury severity and an independent prognostic indicator of ICU death Be this and/ or other mechanisms at play, hypernatremia is anyhow independently...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... individual cardiac index and mixed venous oxygen saturation between 1.5 and 2.7 L/min/m2 and 55 and 65%, respectively, all patients were treated with an inotropic agent Dobutamine and epinephrine were ... once including cardiac index and once including cardiac power index All models were adjusted for age, admission year, mean catecholamine (epinephrine, norepinephirne, dobutamine and milrinone) ... when cardiac index and cardiac power index dropped below L/min/ m2 and 0.8 W/m2, respectively, and substantially increased with cardiac index drops below L/min/m2 and cardiac power index drops...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 19:20

... JO and JAR carried out the determination of MPM-9 and TIMP-1 and made substantial contributions to the analysis and interpretation of data JMBL and YB carried out the determination of TNF-α and ... that in the previous study published by Hoffmann et al In our study, the median APACHE-II scores were 19 and 24 in surviving and nonsurviving patients, respectively; and in the study by Hoffmann ... 2008, 121:535-542 Pugin J, Widmer MC, Kossodo S, Liang CM, Preas H, Ln Suffredini AF: Human neutrophils secrete gelatinase B in vitro and in vivo in response to endotoxin and proinflammatory mediators...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 19:20

... Definitions of infections given by authors were used, including major and minor infections, pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, surgical site infections, urinary tract infections, and intra-abdominal ... significantly between the test and control groups However, significant changes in infection, MOF, and mortality rates were only measured in studies testing immunoglobulin, IFN-g, and glucan • A ... Reported changes in inflammatory parameters could indicate an attenuation of SIRS and/ or CARS; however, they were not consistently accompanied by significant changes in infection and mortality...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 21:21

... experience heavy physiological and psychological strain [1] The starting point for our study was an interest in understanding how emergency health personnel and persons in crisis experience challenges ... determine who had the 'correct' understanding and who did the 'correct' things Our aim instead has been to say something general about encounters between paramedics and parents in the hectic and ... Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2008, 16:5 while the fifth and final section discusses implications of these results Background and study design...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20