embryonic development of the heart and cardiovascular system

... understanding of the heart as a muscular pump and of the interaction between the heart and the vasculature. The concepts of contractility, preload and afterload are paramount to this understanding ... interaction between the ongoing contraction process of the cardiac muscles and the properties of the arterial system and is beyond the scope of this lecture. As the contraction process of the cardiac ... contraction and instantaneous atrial volume). The pressure of the point at the bottom right corner of the loop is the pressure in the ventricle at the end of the cardiac cycle and is called the end-diastolic...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 08:40

... lesser of 10% of the value of the gift and $75, then the value of the advantage is considered to be zero. For example, if the price to attend the benefit dinner is $200 and the value of the dinner ... dinner, the value of the dinner is $40 and the value of a gift bag received is $45, then the total advantage is $85 or 85% of the ticket price and therefore cannot be receipted. However if the ... for the purchase of an auction item? Yes, but only if the bid amount exceeds the value of the item by 20%. The amount of the receipt is equal to the difference between the bid amount and the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 03:20

... modifier of the extent of the hypertrophy in our pop- ulation, in patients with and without sarcomeric muta- tions. The role of the AT 1R SNP as a modifier of the phenotype was also supported by the ... polymorphisms at these genes. We also determined the effect of these gene poly- morphisms on onset age and the extent of the hypertro- phy. Methods Patients and controls This study was part of a research ... measured, and the left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) calculated as the sum of IVS and PWT. Table 1 summarizes the main characteristics of patients. All them fulfilled the next inclusion criteria: they...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... may 4 MRI of the Heart and Vessels Fig. 1.3. Graphical representa- tion of the total magnetization vector, M publication of this kind, notwithstanding the cryptic technical jar- gon. The attitude of the ... maximum intensity. The amplitude of the transverse magnetization Mxy (and thus of the echo signal acquired) at the peak of the echo signal depends on the TE and T2 of the tissue. For example, in a ... as is the intensity of the signal acquired. This occurs because the spins have the possibility of dephasing progressively (see Fig. 1.18b) because of the T2 effect of the material and the time...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 20:20

... transfer of the ligand and receptor to a lysosome (L) where they are degraded; 3 the receptor and ligand are transferred to a compartment of uncoupling of receptor and ligand (CURL). The receptor and ... contains the microsomes. It is the site of bilirubin conjugation and the detoxification of many drugs and other foreign compounds (P450 systems). Steroids are synthesized, including cholesterol and the primary ... (fig. 1.16). These make up 6–8% of the total endothelial cell surface, and there are more in the centrilobular zone of the sinusoid than the peri-portal area. Extra-cellular matrix affects their function. Fenestrae...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... colour, especially the hypothenar and thenar eminences and pulps of the fingers (fig. 6.12). Islets of erythema may be found at the bases of the fingers. The soles of the feet may be similarly affected. The mottling ... diameter and is not obliterated by pressure. Venous stars are seen on the dorsum of the foot, legs, back and on the lower border of the ribs. Palmar erythema (liver palms) The hands are warm and the ... enlarged and superficial lymph nodes may also be palpable. Autopsy shows Gaucher cells throughout the reticulo- endothelial system. They are, however, not found in the brain and the pathogenesis of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... submucous layer of the lower end of the oesophagus and fundus of the stomach. (b) At the anus, the superior haemorrhoidal vein of the portal system anastomoses with the middle and inferior haemorrhoidal ... vein in the porta hepatis beyond the block. They include the veins at the hilum, venae comitantes of the portal vein and hepatic arteries, veins in the suspensory ligaments of the liver and diaphragmatic ... synthesized in the kidney and although they are not primary regulators they modulate the effects of other factors and hormones locally. Prostaglandin (PG) I 2 and E 2 are vasodilators, and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 01:22