embedded in c programming concepts

... //end insertInPlace   11 Chapter ■ Sorting, Searching, and Merging Using insertInPlace, we can rewrite insertionSort (calling it insertionSort2) as follows:   void insertionSort2(int list[], int ... MaxLength+1 int main() { int getWord(FILE *, char[]); int binarySearch(int, int, char [], int max, char [][max]); void addToList(char[], int max, char [][max], int[], int, int); void printResults(FILE ... contains m distinct integers arranged in ascending order Write code to determine how many of the numbers in chosen appear in winners A multiple-choice examination consists of 20 questions Each...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 14:11

... language's creators In fact, Kernighan and Ritchie included the following comment in the opening pages of their book The C Programming Language : - 18 - Programming Embedded Systems in C and C+ + C is ... In some cases, two or more of the criteria are linked For example, increases in processing power could lead to increased production costs Conversely, we might imagine that the same increase in ... for use in a line of business calculators produced by the Japanese company Busicom In 1969, Busicom asked Intel to design a set of custom integrated circuits-one for each of their new calculator...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 13:20

... more of the criteria are linked For example, increases in processing power could lead to increased production costs Conversely, we might imagine that the same increase in processing power would ... business calculators produced by the Japanese company Busicom In 1969, Busicom asked Intel to design a set of custom integrated circuits-one for each of their new calculator models The 4004 was Intel's ... overnight success, and its use increased steadily over the next decade Early embedded applications included unmanned space probes, computerized traffic lights, and aircraft flight control systems In the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... #define TCUCON (PCB_BASE + 0x12) #define #define #define #define T0CNT T0CMPA T0CMPB T0CON (PCB_BASE (PCB_BASE (PCB_BASE (PCB_BASE + + + + 0x30) 0x32) 0x34) 0x36) #define #define #define #define ... ordinary computer programming Up to this point in the book we have been building the infrastructure for embedded programming But the topics we're going to talk about in the remaining chapters concern ... #define T1CNT T1CMPA T1CMPB T1CON (PCB_BASE (PCB_BASE (PCB_BASE (PCB_BASE + + + + 0x38) 0x3A) 0x 3C) 0x3E) #define T2CNT #define T2CMPA #define T2CON /* * Programmable */ #define P1DIR #define P1PIN...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... Cyclic Redundancy Codes A cyclic redundancy code (CRC) is a specific checksum algorithm that is designed to detect the most common data errors The theory behind the CRC is quite mathematical and ... better off having some way to confirm that the device is working and that the data it contains is valid That's where checksums and cyclic redundancy codes come in 6.3.1 Checksums How can we tell ... detect catastrophic memory failures without specifically looking for them So let's discuss circuit board problems in more detail 6.2.1.1 Electrical wiring problems An electrical wiring problem could...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... Description: Compute the CRC checksum of a binary message block * * Notes: This function expects that crcInit() has been called * first to initialize the CRC lookup table * * Returns: The CRC ... most embedded projects Chapter Peripherals Each pizza glides into a slot like a circuit board into a computer, clicks into place as the smart box interfaces with the onboard system of the car ... hide the actual hardware interface more completely than any C features or programming techniques For example, a constructor can be included to automatically configure the hardware each time a...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... 8.2.3 Context Switch The actual process of changing from one task to another is called a context switch Because contexts are processorspecific, so is the code that implements the context switch ... static static static static SchedState Task int int state; idleTask; interruptLevel; bSchedule; }; After defining this class, an object of this type is instantiated within one of the operating ... // Instead, the restored task continues to execute at this point } The contextSwitch routine is actually invoked by the scheduler, which is in turn called from one of the operating system calls...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... constructor This routine is responsible for initializing the three private data members and configuring the requested data channel within the SCC hardware: #include "scc.h" static SCC scc; /********************************************************************** ... associated interrupt service routine When an interrupt occurs, the processor must take several steps before executing the ISR First, the processor must finish executing the current instruction ... Pieces of code that access shared resources contain critical sections We've already seen something similar inside the operating system There, we simply disabled interrupts during the critical...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... sales@arcomcontrols.com Web: http://www.arcomcontrols.com/ A ASIC Application-Specific Integrated Circuit A piece of custom-designed hardware in a chip address bus A set of electrical lines connected ... Of course, not everything introduced in C+ + is expensive Many older C+ + compilers incorporate a technology called C- front that turns C+ + programs into C and feeds the result into a standard C compiler ... engineering practice dictates against the use of this technique But in a pinch, goto statements can be used to remove complicated control structures or to share a block of oft repeated code In...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... microcontroller is very similar to a microprocessor The main difference is that a microcontroller is designed specifically for use in embedded systems Microcontrollers typically include a CPU, ... object code A set of processor-readable opcodes and data The output of compilers, assemblers, linkers, and locators are files containing object code object file A file containing object code ... one for which it produces object code A cross-compiler runs on a host computer and produces object code for the target D DMA Direct Memory Access A technique for transferring data directly between...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... Includes a section specifically about common embedded processors CRC Pitstop (http://www.ross.net/crc/) A site dedicated to information about CRC implementation, including Ross Williams' "Painless ... designed specifically for use in real-time systems race condition A situation in which the outcome of a program can be affected by the exact order in which the instructions are executed Race conditions ... advanced topics can only make you a better embedded programmer This book is an excellent reference as well as an entertaining read Van Sickle, Ted Programming Microcontrollers in C Solana Beach, Calif.:...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... break; case IDC_1: case IDC_2: case IDC_3: case IDC_4: case IDC_5: case IDC_6: case IDC_7: case IDC_8: case IDC_9: e.sig = IDC_1_9; break; case IDC_PLUS: case IDC_MINUS: case IDC_MULT: case IDC_DIVIDE: ... 52 53 switch (e−>sig) { case Q_ENTRY_SIG: dispState("calc"); case Q_INIT_SIG: clear(); Q_INIT(&Calc::ready); case IDC _C: clear(); Q_TRAN(&Calc::calc); case TERMINATE: Q_TRAN(&Calc::final); } if ... instance of its superclass The child class is indistinguishable from the parent class because everything is inherited exactly Although checking the corner case of exact inheritance is instructive,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 21:21

... but such a choice precludes using C classes in C+ + because this is reserved in C+ + (Mixing C with C+ + arises easily when you want to share common code between C and C+ + projects.) A.1 Abstraction ... clicking on the links under Microsoft Windows C. 2.1 Source Code The self−extracting installation program :\Installations\QPcode.exe installs the complete Quantum Programming (QP) source code ... Hardware/Software Codesign Advancements in microelectronics have recently enabled the integration of complete, complex systems on a single chip To cope with the continuously increasing complexity of such systems,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 21:21

... d) interact with the operating system Which of the following is a correct statement to declare the class “MyClass”? a) Class myclass c) class MyClass b) class Myclass d) Class MyClass Which of ... class Object{ static void main(){} public static Main(){} } } e) class Object{ b) class Object{ static void Main(){}; static void Main(){} } } c) Class Object{ static void Main(){} } Which of the ... program cannot compile because the for statement’s syntax is incorrect using System; class Test { static void Main() { int @Main; int[] Static= new int[3]; @Main =100*Static[1]; Console.WriteLine(@Main);...

Ngày tải lên: 21/08/2012, 15:55

... an int data type of a property Which of the following is the correct syntax for declaring an indexer a) protected int this[int var1] c) public int this(int var1) b) public int classname[int index] ... nothing How can we create the object dynamically in C# ? [2.5] a) C# does not allow instantiation c) By using the of objects at run time System.Activator CreateInstance() method to create an instance ... (myObjectType) d) In C# , Object cannot be instantiated at run time but a method of a class can be invoked [2.5] 193 using System.Reflection; using System; class Reflect { public int i=20; public char ch='a';...

Ngày tải lên: 29/08/2012, 16:37

... clntSocket); /* Error handling function */ /* TCP client handling function */ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int servSock; int clntSock; struct sockaddr _in echoServAddr; struct sockaddr _in echoClntAddr; ... gets a socket for an incoming client connection by calling accept () int accept(int socket, struct sockaddr *clientAddress, unsigned int *addressLength) accept() dequeues the next connection on ... new socket for each client connection Communicate with the client via that new socket using send() and recv() Close the client connection using close() Creating the socket, sending, receiving,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2012, 14:45

... clntSocket); /* Error handling function */ /* TCP client handling function */ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int servSock; int clntSock; struct sockaddr _in echoServAddr; struct sockaddr _in echoClntAddr; ... gets a socket for an incoming client connection by calling accept () int accept(int socket, struct sockaddr *clientAddress, unsigned int *addressLength) accept() dequeues the next connection on ... new socket for each client connection Communicate with the client via that new socket using send() and recv() Close the client connection using close() Creating the socket, sending, receiving,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/11/2012, 14:57

... [1.0] “MyClass” a) Class myclass b) class Myclass 38 c) class MyClass d) Class MyClass Which of the following is a valid variable in C# ? a) c) _Class b) 39 Class Class d) @class Basic input and ... Which of the following are correct statements for implementing an abstract class a) public abstract void class ClassA [1.0] c) abstract public ClassA b) public abstract class ClassA 105 Which ... Static constructors can be take parameters called explicitly or implicitly b) Static constructors can have e) Static constructors are called accessibility modifiers when the class is loaded c) ...

Ngày tải lên: 09/04/2013, 09:10

... dict.h The contents of these files are described briefly below main .c: dict .c: #include #include #include "dict.h" int main() { } dict.h: #include "dict.h" /* data structure for ... declared with the static keyword in dict .c (c) Congratulations! You’re done and ready to compile your code Write the command line that you should use to compile this code (using gcc) Let’s call ... the dictionary data structure to be accessible only from functions in dict .c You remove the declaration from dict.h Is it still possible to directly access or modify the variable from main .c, even...

Ngày tải lên: 25/04/2013, 08:07