... System Elements, their Characteristics, andtheRoleofIntegration 17:1 where Fk is the force transmitted by the spring k and v21 is the velocity of one end ofthe spring relative to the velocity ... attention 1.2 SYSTEM ELEMENTS, THEIR CHARACTERISTICS, ANDTHEROLEOFINTEGRATIONThe modeling techniques developed in this text focus initially on the use of a set of simple ideal system elements found ... the following chapters, the number of independent energy storing elements in a system is equal to the order ofthe system and to the number of state variables in the system model The A-type elements...
... Electrical circuits Electrical blueprints Electrical Wiring Diagrams Simple outlet circuit To end of circuit Pigtail GFCI Outlets Single switch before light Single switch after light 3-way switch ... Communication Symbols Plumbing Symbols Architectural symbols Electrical boxes Branch circuits and outlets ...
... particular, in the preparation of instrumentation standards The Department is further aware ofthe benefits to U.S.A users of ISA standards of incorporating suitable references to the SI (and the metric ... e-mail: standards@isa.org The ISA Standards and Practices Department is aware ofthe growing need for attention to the metric system of units in general, andthe International System of Units ... abbreviations, and conversion factors It is the policy of ISA to encourage and welcome the participation of all concerned individuals and interests in the development of ISA standards Participation in the...
... function-file to obtain the dot product andthe vector product of two vectors a and b Use the function to evaluate the dot and vector products of vectors x and y, where x = (1 6) and y = (2 8) 1.4 ... the power is denoted by ^ The general statement will be ofthe form: q = r1.^s1 If r1 and s1 are matrices ofthe same dimensions, then the result q is also a matrix ofthe same dimensions For example, ... B1 are matrices ofthe same dimensions, then A1.*B1 denotes an array whose elements are products ofthe corresponding elementsof A1 and B1 Thus, if A1 = [2 10]; B1 = [6 3 4]; then C1 = A1.*B1...
... using the commands loglog, semilogx, and semilogy The use ofthe above plot commands is similar to those ofthe plot command discussed in the previous section The description of these commands ... yn) If x is a vector, the command plot(x) will produce a linear plot oftheelements in the vector x as a function ofthe index oftheelements in x MATLAB will connect the points by straight ... publish reliable data and information, but the author andthe publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences oftheir use Neither this book nor...
... using the commands loglog, semilogx, and semilogy The use ofthe above plot commands is similar to those ofthe plot command discussed in the previous section The description of these commands ... yn) If x is a vector, the command plot(x) will produce a linear plot oftheelements in the vector x as a function ofthe index oftheelements in x MATLAB will connect the points by straight ... LLC Figure 2.7 Plots of x and x using Subplot Commands The coordinates of points on the graph window can be obtained using the ginput command There are two forms ofthe command: [x y] = ginput...
... vector of values of f ( x ) for a given vector of input values x a is the lower limit ofintegration b is the upper limit ofintegration tol is the tolerance limit set for stopping the iteration of ... to find the magnitude ofthe line current, andthe power delivered to the load Use MATLAB to solve for the line current andthe power delivered to the load (c ) 6.3 Compare the results of parts ... = ∠H ( jw) (6.60) andThe plot of M (ω) versus ω is the magnitude characteristics or response Also, the plot of θ ( w) versus ω is the phase response The magnitude and phase characteristics can...
... calculate the output ofthe system for times greater than t In general, if we designate x as the state variable, u as the input, and y as the output of a system, we can express the input u and output ... of tstart is the starting time for theintegration tfinal is the final time for theintegration xo is a column vector of initial conditions tol is optional It specifies the desired accuracy of ... t < 0, the voltage across the capacitor is v C (0) = (2)(10) = 20 V In addition, the current flowing through the inductor i L (0) = At t > 0, the switch closes and all the four elementsof Figure...
... element less than the input vector f The find function determines the indices ofthe nonzero elementsof a vector or matrix The statement B = find( f) (4.48) will return the indices ofthe vector f ... % the program computes the loop currents, given % the impedance matrix Z and voltage vector V % % Z is the impedance matrix % V is the voltage vector % initialize the matrix Z and vector V of ... shows the use of MATLAB to plot the voltage and display the power dissipation of a resistive circuit Before presenting an example on the maximum power transfer theorem, let us discuss the MATLAB...
... on the gate In the depletion type mosfet, the structure ofthe device is such that there exists a channel between the source and drain Because ofthe oxide insulation between the gate andthe ... consists of two pn junctions connected backto-back The operation ofthe BJT depends on the flow of both majority and minority carriers There are two types of BJT: npn and pnp transistors The electronic ... capacitors CC1 , CC and CS will influence the low frequency response The internal capacitances ofthe FET will affect the high frequency response ofthe amplifier The overall gain ofthe common-source...
... characteristics: the pole ofthe difference amplifier is at 200 Hz andthe gain is - 500 The pole ofthe voltage amplifier and level shifter is 400 KHz and has a gain of 360 The pole ofthe output ... RATE AND FULL-POWER BANDWIDTH Slew rate (SR) is a measure ofthe maximum possible rate of change ofthe output voltage of an op amp Mathematically, it is defined as SR = dVO dt (11.51) max The ... changing If the slew rate is lower than the rate of change ofthe input signal, then the output voltage will be distorted The output voltage will become triangular, and attenuated However, if the slew...
... direct band gap semiconductor 1.21 eV gap valence band conduction band 0.66 eV gap valence band energy of electrons conduction band energy of electrons energy of electrons The energy levels ofthe ... form energy bands In insulators, the lower energy band (valence band) is completely filled andthe next energy band (conduction band) is completely empty The valence and conduction bands are separated ... energy in the conduction band EV = energy in the valence band and k, T, mn* and mp* were defined in Section 10.1 In an intrinsic semiconductor (Si and Ge) mn* and mp* are ofthe same order of magnitude...
... xlabel('frequency in Hz') The plot ofthe noisy signal and its spectrum is shown in Figure 8.8 The amplitude ofthe noise andthe sinusoidal signal can be changed to observe their effects on the spectrum ... ) and also the sum of v R (t ) and v L ( t ) (c) Plot the voltages (d) 8.5 Compare the voltages of v R (t ) + v L (t ) to V(t) If the periodic waveform shown in Figure 8.5 is the input ofthe ... series The term a0 in Equation (8.3) is the dc component ofthe series and is the average value of g (t ) over a period The term a n cos(nw0 t ) + bn sin(nw0 t ) is called the nth harmonic The first...
... variables V1 I in terms ofthe secondary (receiving end) variables V2 and - I The negative of I is used to allow the current to enter the load at the receiving and end Examples 7.5 and 7.6 show some ... Find the equivalent z-parameters of Figure P7.4 (b) If the network is terminated by a load of 20 ohms and connected to a source of VS with a source resistance of ohms, use MATLAB to plot the frequency ... Network Vg and Z g are the source generator voltage and impedance, respectively Z L is the load impedance If we use z-parameter repreIn the Figure 7.15, sentation for the two-port network, the voltage...
... using the commands loglog, semilogx, and semilogy The use ofthe above plot commands is similar to those ofthe plot command discussed in the previous section The description of these commands ... yn) If x is a vector, the command plot(x) will produce a linear plot oftheelements in the vector x as a function ofthe index oftheelements in x MATLAB will connect the points by straight ... LLC Figure 2.7 Plots of x and x using Subplot Commands The coordinates of points on the graph window can be obtained using the ginput command There are two forms ofthe command: [x y] = ginput...
... using the commands loglog, semilogx, and semilogy The use ofthe above plot commands is similar to those ofthe plot command discussed in the previous section The description of these commands ... yn) If x is a vector, the command plot(x) will produce a linear plot oftheelements in the vector x as a function ofthe index oftheelements in x MATLAB will connect the points by straight ... LLC Figure 2.7 Plots of x and x using Subplot Commands The coordinates of points on the graph window can be obtained using the ginput command There are two forms ofthe command: [x y] = ginput...
... publish reliable data and information, but the author andthe publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences oftheir use Neither this book nor ... Parts and are for electrical and electrical engineering technology students and professionals who want to use MATLAB to explore thecharacteristicsof semiconductor devices andthe application of ... that the reader work through and experiment with the examples at a computer while reading Chapters 1, 2, andThe hands-on approach is one ofthe best ways of learning MATLAB Part II consists of...
... using the commands loglog, semilogx, and semilogy The use ofthe above plot commands is similar to those ofthe plot command discussed in the previous section The description of these commands ... yn) If x is a vector, the command plot(x) will produce a linear plot oftheelements in the vector x as a function ofthe index oftheelements in x MATLAB will connect the points by straight ... publish reliable data and information, but the author andthe publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences oftheir use Neither this book nor...