electron beam and focused ion beam

... rate for both systems Abbreviations CVDP: chemical vapor deposition; EBE: electron beam evaporation; FIB: focused ion beam; NWs: nanowires; PVD: physical vapor deposition; VLS: vapor-liquid-solid ... molecularbeam epitaxy Appl Phys Lett 2004, 84:4968 22 Sivakov V, Heyroth F, Falk F, Andra G, Christiansen S: Silicon nanowire growth by electron beam evaporation: kinetic and energetic contributions ... planar layers grown by evaporation, and the duration of the evaporation, by considering the different densities of Si and Ge 2D layers grown by EBE Differences between Si and Ge are very impressive...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... dimensions for (b) and (c) (b) and (c): electron and hole concentrations 61 ix Figure 3.12 Normalized heat generation at the interface due to EHP recombination as a function of electron beam/ interface ... Excitation and De-excitation process of electrons111 The energylevel diagram of a solid includes K- and L-shell core levels and a valence band of delocalized states (shaded); EF is the Fermi level and ... on the METS device by electron- beam induced platinum deposition The bright portion is Si, and the dark portion is NiSi2 114 Figure 6.8 (a) Ri(x) as the electron beam is scanned across...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:27

... Electron Beam Welding Principle The principles of electron beam generation and control were discussed in the early 1900's and by 1930 these principles had been used to construct electron ... vacuum Electron Beam Welding Equipment The EBW system consists of: - an electron gun and beam delivery system - a power source - vacuum chamber and pumping equipment - work handling equipment Electron ... keyhole operation is possible - travel speeds are high - beam access is good - heat input is low Electron Beam Welding Features of the electron beam welding process The main limitations of the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/03/2014, 17:42

... Components, Systems, and Measurement Techniques, Rajpal S Sirohi and M P Kothiyal 29 Electron and Ion Microscopy and Microanalysis: Principles and Applications, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Lawrence ... Recognition and Classification: Algorithms, Systems, and Applications, edited by Bahram Javidi 79 Practical Design and Production of Optical Thin Films: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Ronald ... roles of ionization and collision processes for various ion beams and energies, he shows how ion -beam mixing (as opposed to ion implantation) can be used in some applications even in an industrial...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 13:44

... emission SEM equipped with a Nabity nanometer pattern generation system at acceleration voltages of 20 and kV The beam currents were about 20 pA at 20 kV and 10 pA at kV For high-resolution study, ... applications where negative resist is prefered and exposure time is not a major concern Abbreviations AFM: atomic force microscope; ARC: antireflection coating; EBL: electron beam lithography; FIB: focused ... development on improvement in electron- beam nanopatterning resolution and line roughness J Vac Sci Technol B 2006, 24(6):3061-3065 19 Ku HY, Scala LC: Polymeric electron beam resists J Electrochem...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... mode and the HAADF method in association with the scanning operation of the TEM (STEM) were used for detection of interface modifications and composition Results and discussion Different electron ... estimation of the composition is straightforward because of the square dependence of C200 on the composition and the indication of just a composition range To evaluate better the composition, the ... system TEM observations were done in an FEG 2200FS JEOL instrument on cross-sectional specimens prepared by the standard sandwich procedure and finally thinned with Ar ion bombardment The...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... ionization of the atoms and produces electrons and holes in the conduction band and valence band, respectively and the generation of electron- hole pairs allows subsequent diffusion of electrons and ... comparison or correlation with the secondary electron (SE) images 2.2 Electron Beam and Sample Interaction The essence of electron beam- sample interaction is the generation of electron- hole pairs ... Depth of electron- beam penetration 𝜌 τ Material density (gm/cm3) Minority carrier lifetime Introduction and Motivation Chapter Introduction and Motivation 1.1 Photovoltaic Technology and Challenges...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:08

... Generation of radial polarization Pupil functions for radial polarization Results and discussion 5.1 SHG and TPF microscopy of skin 5.2 SHG with radially and linearly ... resolution in general and that the resolution was better for a linearly polarized beam compared to a radially polarized beam Resolution was also dependent on the pupil function For a tightly focused ... linearly and radially polarized beam with a Gaussian and Bessel-Gauss pupil function respectively, the resolution (the FWHM) of the SHG image was found to be 220 nm and 350 nm respectively and matches...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:07

... NGỌC HÀ Hình 3.2: sơ đồ lò chùm tia điện tử với súng electron 1- súng electron 2- cần giữ điện cực 3- điện cực cần tinh luyện 4- chùm tia electron 5- thỏi đúc 6- khuôn đồng có nước làm nguội ... có súng điện tử TS NGUYỄN NGỌC HÀ Hình 3.1: Lò điện tử chân không với súng electron liệu cấp liên tục dạng thỏi 1-súng electron 2-thỏi kim loại cần tinh luyện 3-bình kết tinh có nước làm nguội ... động sở máy tính - Thu nhận xử lý kết quả, liệu nhận TS NGUYỄN NGỌC HÀ 3.9 Các biến thể trình Electron Beam Cold Hearth Refining (EBCHR) • Đây phương pháp tốt để tinh luyện tinh luyện nhiều lần...

Ngày tải lên: 06/10/2016, 12:29

... kinetics at 15 mM ionic strength Further criteria for manipulating the kinetic phases of reaction Transitions from mono- to biphasic reaction conditions, depending on ionic strength variation, can be ... chromatography Concentrations were varied between 0.5 and 40 lM, and oxidation followed at 550 nm after adding the purified enzyme (40 pM up to 400 pM) Determination the ionic- Ó FEBS 2002 2982 ... interaction domain for the substrate (see also Discussion) Kinetic parameters for both complexes under several ionic strength conditions are listed in Table Comparing Km and kcat each at optimum ionic...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... absence of active ADP phosphorylation (state 4), an increase in passive membrane permeability to cations and anions, uncoupling and swelling, and inhibition of respiration in state [3,4] Furthermore, ... concentrations exceeding 10 lm (Fig 5) Effects of Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions on H2O2 production and lipid peroxidation We hypothesized that stronger stimulation of proton leak kinetics by Cu2+ ions (Fig ... Cu2+ ions inhibit SDH [10] Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions induce cell death by necrosis and apoptosis via mechanisms involving opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and increased generation...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20

... bimolecular reaction between Pc in solution and PSI, and a slow phase corresponding to inactive PSI and a contribution from absorption of oxidized Pc at 834 nm [25–27] For analysis of wild-type and mutants ... formation of two subpopulations of PSI complexes which differed with respect to electron transfer to P700+ One population behaved like wild-type with fully functional PSI-F, and the other population ... The reaction between Pc and P700 is a multistep reaction, which can be divided into three major steps: binding of Pc to P700, electron transfer within a complex between Pc and P700, and release...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

... final concentration of mM, and Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ were added at a final concentration of 1.1 mM Error bars represent the standard deviation of triplicate experiments Table Citrate and proline uptake ... underestimated because the expression level is below the detection limit and the energetic state of the membrane is very poor Metal ion specificity of CitH of E faecalis The metal ion specificity in the Me–citrate ... incubation with 1.7 lM L-[4-14C]proline in the presence of mM EDTA and an excess of the indicated bivalent cation Ca2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Co2+ were added at a final concentration...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:20

... transmissions and the notations of signal and interference powers and their mean powers We assume that the mean powers satisfy X=Y=Z Figure System model (a) Omnidirectional antenna, (a) Beamforming ... considered include N A = 25, N B = 25, g = 0.1, and R = dB Both analytical and simulation results are presented in Figure and the analytical evaluation and simulation match very well Figure 8, which illustrates ... analytical and simulation results are presented System parameters considered include NA= NB= 25, g = 0.1, and R = dB Numerical results illustrate that the analytical evaluation and simulation results...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... consideration and the problems of antenna selection and beamformer adaptation are described in Section The proposed antenna selection algorithm is developed in Section The proposed transmit and receive ... transmit beamformer In the next two sections, we discuss the detailed algorithms for antenna selection and beamformer adaptation, respectively Antenna selection using stochastic approximation and ... selection and transmitreceive beamformer adaptation In the first stage, we employ a discrete stochastic approximation algorithm to perform antenna selection By setting the transmit and receive beamformers...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 01:20

... biosensors, and can serve as good deposition or etching masks for growth of other 2dimensional nanostructures, which have shape- and size-dependent properties The effect of preheating on the fabrication ... with varying RIE durations The morphologies of the samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, JEOL JSM-6700F) Results and Discussion Figure 1b2–b4 shows ... important applications in fields of catalysts, biosensors, and biomedical devices, especially in next-generation integrated nanophotonic devices, bimolecular labeling and identification [23] 123 Nanoscale...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... energy levels, as well as creation of new selection rules during the process of the light absorption Therefore electronic states and direct inter-band light absorption are considered below for ... such approximation, one can neglect the electron hole interaction energy Thus, the problem is reduced to analytical determination of the energy separate expressions for electron and hole (as for ... applications in the fields of pollution detection, thermal imaging object location and remote sensing as well as IR imaging of astronomical objects (see e.g US Patent # 6541788) Fig Absorption coefficient...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... motion measured by 4DCT, motion is assumed to be periodical Temporally, organ motion has to be measured in correlation to beam motion (section Beam motion parameters) Spatially, organ motion ... calculations in the presence of organ motion, beam intensity and irradiation time of each individual beam position (typical duration < 10 ms per position) have to be considered in temporal correlation ... because beam adaptation compensates translations and the 3D grid of pencil beam positions is unchanged For non-translational degrees of freedom, e.g rotations or deformations, the 3D grid position...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21

... a freedom of (nt+na-2) in the t-table; SEt and SEa are SE values of total and amiloride-resistant AFC M, SE, and n stand for mean, standard error, and number of mice, respectively For nonparametric ... Corresponding concentration-response curves The raw data were fitted with the Hill equation and the EC50 were 2.4, 391.8, and 1.2 μM, respectively, for pyrithione-Na, 1-EBIO, and minoxidil (C) Summary ... function Interruption of K+ ion recycling may be a critical mechanism for CCB-induced inhibition of ENaC activity (Fig 11) What are the underlying mechanisms for the diverse regulation of apical and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:22

... microorganization and localization within the lung [10,13] To preserve the alveolar lining layer, chemical fixation "from behind", i.e vascular perfusion fixation, instead of instillation fixation via ... liquid ventilation did not alter the incorporation of acetate and choline into the lung and synthesis of lecithin seemed not different between conventional and liquid ventilation [24] In preterm ... of the study and the data interpretation, and revised the manuscript critically MO has made substantial contribution to the conception and design of the study; organized, performed and supervised...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20