electric potential and electric field

... the potential distribution at the membrane–solution interface (top) and at the electrode–SAM interface (bottom) wS, wD and Dw denote the surface potential, dipole potential and transmembrane potential, ... relationship between potential jump, concentration changes, and measurements Middle: SERR spectra measured at the initial potential Ei (top), the final potential Ef (bottom), and after a delay time ... respectively; D/ is the difference between electrode potential (E ) and the potential of zero charge (Epzc) of zero charge; (b) decreasing the SAM thickness; and (c) increasing the charge density on the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:20

... 60 Hz electric and magnetic field levels from overhead power lines Line voltage 115 kV Electric field kV/m Magnetic field mG 230 kV Electric field kV/m Magnetic field mG 500 kV Electric field ... shield electric fields Electric fields are measured in volts per meter Electric fields Magnetic Fields Produced by voltage Lamp plugged in but turned off Voltage produces an electric field Produced ... magnetic field oscillates, or cycles backward and forward every second, and is measured in hertz The earth’s electric and magnetic fields not oscillate They are called static fields and have...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 22:20

... and electric and magnetic fields will gradually increase, and by the time we have finally reached our handful of general equations, little additional explanation will be required The entire field ... only of Q1 and the directed line segment from Q1 to the position of the test charge This describes a vector field and is called the electric field intensity We define the electric field intensity ... expression for electric field intensity, and (8) is the expression for the electric field intensity due to a single point charge Q1 in a vacuum In the succeeding sections we shall obtain and interpret...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... accelerators and X-ray imaging The core underlying most of our software packages is the calculation of electric and magnetic fields over threedimensional volumes To use our electric and magnetic fields ... magnetic fields: free-space calculations 109 20 3D magnetic fields: iron and permanent magnets 117 Introduction Field Precision finite-element programs covers a broad spectrum of physics and engineering ... 1 Electric and magnetic field calculations with finite-element methods Stanley Humphries President, Field Precision LLC Professor Emeritus, University of New Mexico Published by Field Precision...

Ngày tải lên: 31/07/2016, 21:04

... Lecture 1, Pg CHAPTER VII Static Electric Field §1 Electric charges Coulomb’s law §2 Electric field and electric field vector §3 Electric flux and Gauss’s law §4 Electric potential Physics 211: Lecture ... 1, Pg 13 Physics 211: Lecture 1, Pg 14 §2 Electric field and electric field vector: 2.1 The concept of electric field: A B Why two electric charges A and B in empty space can exert force each ... – the electric field The field exerts force on the charged body B Physics 211: Lecture 1, Pg 15 More on the concept of FIELD: Besides the electric field we have known the gravitational field...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 12:15

... 61004021 Pulsed Electric Field in dairy processing microbial inactivation 2013 TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO: [1] M Walkling-Ribeiro, F Noci, D.A Cronin, J.G Lyng and D.J Morgan Antimicrobial effect and shelf-life ... thermosonication, pulsed electric field and their combination on inactivation of Listeria innocua in milk International Dairy Journal 2008 [3] Phumin Kirawanich, P Satusap, Visith Chavasit and Naz E Islam ... Microorganism Inactivation by Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields: Full-wave Analysis and Experiment International Conference on Food Engineering and Biotechnology IPCBEE vol.9 (2011) IACSIT Press,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 10:30

... Principles and Applications, Second Edition, J Lewis Blackburn Understanding Electric Utilities and De-Regulation, Lorrin Philipson and H Lee Willis Electrical Power Cable Engineering, William A Thue Electric ... of dielectric and polymer science and builds upon it a comprehensive and very broad presentation of all aspects of modern dielectric theory and engineering, including the lastest analysis and ... Materials that not normally conduct electricity and have the ability to store electrical charge are known as dielectrics The behavior of dielectrics in electric fields continues to be an area of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... sphere of radius R and a dielectric constant 82 The sphere is situated in a dielectric medium extending to infinity and having a dielectric constant of S] and an external electric field is applied ... given by (1.3) 4.3 FIELD IN A DIELECTRIC DUE TO A CONDUCTING INCLUSION When a conducting sphere is embedded in a dielectric and an electric field E is applied the field outside the sphere is modified ... and recombination centers UNBILLED 'CONDUCTION BAND - C0NOuCTtG»r BAWD CONDUCTION AND CONDUCTION FORBIDDEN BAND BANG / VALENCt X BAND , BAMO > - y 8A*0 SsS J f SEMICOWOUCTOR ,COI«>OCTION' •AND...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... neglecting the reaction field which was introduced in chapter The field which acts upon a molecule in a polarized dielectric may be decomposed into a cavity field and a reaction field which is proportional ... molecules are oriented in the direction of the applied field At higher electric fields or lower temperatures L(JC) will be larger Increase of electric field, of course, is equivalent to applying higher ... measurement of dielectric constant involves weak fields The polarization of the dielectric is given by (2.51) If the dielectric is a mixture of several components then the dielectric constant...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... particle An applied electric field causes a difference in the potential energy of the sites The figure shows the conditions with no electric field with full lines and the shift in the potential energy ... absence of an external electric field Electric Field a* d I position Fig 3.5 The potential well model for a dipole with two stable positions In the absence of an electric field (foil lines) the dipole ... (3.63) To understand Frohlich's model let us take the electric field along the + axis and suppose that the dipole can orient in only two directions; one parallel to the electric field, the other...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... attains a time averaged occupancy between the two sites The electric field influences the occupancy rate; down -field rate is enhanced and up -field occupancy rate is decreased The setting up of the ... crystal phases12 and ferroelectrics have also been made The theory of Dissado-Hill should be considered a major step forward in the development of dielectric theory and has the potential of yielding ... orientational and atomic polarization, all of which are due to displacement of bound charges The atoms or molecules are subject to a locally distorted electric field that is the sum of the applied field and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... contour plots of &' and e" in Stanyl ® (Steeman and Maurer, 1992) Measurement of polarization and depolarization currents as a function of time with temperature and the electric field as the parameters ... chlorinated PVC using both electrical bridges and polarization techniques The latter consists of poling the material at an appropriate electric field and measuring both polarization and depolarization ... The dielectric constant of dry Stanyl® (aliphatic Polyamide) as a function of frequency and temperature, (b) The dielectric loss factor as a function of frequency and temperature (Steeman and Maurer,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... the dielectric properties (&' and e") and absorption currents in this high temperature dielectric56 and these data are presented below A DIELECTRIC CONSTANT AND Loss FACTOR Fig 6.22 shows &' and ... to Veselovski and Slutsker'35 Hikichi and Furuichi36, Patterson37, Sasabe and Moynihan38, Funt and Sutherland39 Fig 6.15 shows the complex dielectric constant in PVAc due to Nozaki and Mashimo ... the polarization currents and conduction currents due to the electric field impressed The absorption current is reversible; if the applied electric field is removed and the two electrodes are...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... unoccupied levels of the dielectric even though the electric field is not too high Field emission and field assisted thermionic emission also inject electrons into the dielectric We first consider ... conductivity on the electric field The influence of electric field on current in sPP is shown in fig 7.7 Ohmic conduction is observed at field strengths below 10 MV/m, and for higher fields the current ... is proportional to the electric field, or in other words, Ohm's law applies If the electric field is high then the approximation eE A, « kT is not justified and in strong fields the forward jumps...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... electric fields Because of the very high voltages applied and the nonuniformity of the electric field, the field near the anode is very high Intense ionization occurs close to the electrode and ... plane gap with an applied voltage V, and the electric field is uniform initially across the gap length d Multiplication of electrons occurs and the electric field at dx at a distance of x from ... satisfied at 26 kV/cm and in SF6 at 91 kV/cm In low electric fields the streamer may still advance because of its own field provided the number of ions is approximately 108 and the avalanche head...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... self sustained electrical discharge in a gas where the Laplacian electric field confines the primary ionization process to regions close to high field electrodes When the electric field is non-uniform, ... z, t) as the energy, space and time variables, respectively, Nc, NE and Nz are the change rate of electron number density due to collision, applied electric field and gradient, respectively Equation ... the field is reduced In view of the large attachment the number of electrons is less than that of positive ions, and the field behind the avalanche is enhanced On the other hand, the maximum field...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... where \JL is the mobility and E(x) the electric field at a depth x The electric field is not uniform due to the presence of space charges within the material and the field can be calculated using ... proportional to the electric field as in the case of dipolar relaxation, particularly at low electric fields The shape of the peak does not allow the determination of activation energy (Chen and Kirsch, ... different heating rates Pi and J32 and determining Tmi and Tm2, respectively, the parameters sa and i may be determined Expressing equation (10.56) twice, one for each heating rate, and taking the ratio...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... for electric field measurements in oil and polymers, (b) Block diagram of the instrumentation used to acquire and process the acoustic and electrical signals required for an acoustic electric field ... intensities and their polarities, with a view to understanding the variation of the electric field within the dielectric due to the applied field (2) To determine the depth of the charge layer and the ... line) and calculated distributions (points) Selected data from (Lang and Das Gupta, 1981, with permission of Ferroelectrics) A dielectric slab of thickness d, area A, and infinite-frequency dielectric...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... obtained and adsorption was irreversible The density of a gold nanoparticle assembly was investigated and analyzed in relation to several parameters such as voltage, the electric field, and the ... Brownian’s motion with random displacement Under the influence of an electric field, particle motion occurs in a direction determined by electrophoretic parameters: electrostatic charge and solvent viscosity ... Page of transition electric field (Etrans = 77.8 V/m) which exists between the two electrodes Based on this observation, Figure plots nanoparticle density versus the electric field E = V/d As expected,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... respectively, and E(i) and V (i) are the electric field intensity and self-gravitating potential of the fluid while E(e) and V (e) are these of tenuous medium surrounding the fluid cylinder, and G is ... engineering sciences including oil and gas extraction process if it surrounded by electric field or magnetic field, gas and steam turbines, MHD power generation systems and magneto-flow meters, etc ... longitudinal electric field (i) E0 = ( 0, 0, E0 ) (1) The surrounding tenuous medium (being of negligible motion), self-gravitating, and penetrated by transverse varying electric field (e) E0...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20