effects of debt renegotiations and restructuring on total amount borrowed

... cost of long-term wholesale debt, though it is a smaller share of their total funding Short-term wholesale debt accounts for about one-fifth of banks’ funding, and is priced mainly off 1-month and ... continues to place upward pressure on banks’ funding costs, as still nearly one-fifth of bonds outstanding were issued at lower spreads prior to mid 2008 As the repricing of maturing bonds continues, ... points for debt issued in Australia and at about 280 basis points for debt issued offshore (Graph 3) Improved capital market conditions have seen the cost of issuing new 3-year debt onshore fall...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 01:20

... composition (δ13C) and (a) needle N concentration, (b) needle P concentration, (c) needle K concentration, and (d) Rubisco concentration Fertiliser was applied to one-year-old trees and foliage ... their effects on photosynthesis and Rubisco concentration Most studies relating N, P and K nutrition to photosynthesis and Rubisco have focussed on a handful of well-studied herbaceous species Of ... the few studies on conifers, none have included direct quantification of Rubisco Previously we reported relationships among addition of P fertiliser, growth, and photosynthesis of P pinaster [55]...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:21

... on the germination of Pinus halepensis and P brutia seeds Seed Sci Technol 15, 163-174 Toole VK (1973) Effects of light, temperature and their interactions on the germination of seeds Seed Sci ... implications of wildfire at the community level Experiment 2: effect of temperature and ash considered in the experimental and ash The temperature was considered at three levels: control, 90 °C/5 and ... considered at three levels: control and two ash solution: 10 g/L and 20 g/L Ash (completely burnt material) was obtained from P sylvestris and P nigra branches and leaves and the ash solution...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... reperfusion in CG, Control group IRI, 30 of ischemia IPC, ischemic preconditioning + 30 of ischemia IPO, 30 ischemia + ischemic postconditioning IPC+IPO, ischemic preconditioning + 30 of ischemia ... Authors’ contributions Study conception and design: ARK, A-SK, FVM Acquisition of data: ARK, A-SK, KJA Analysis and interpretation of data: ARK, A-SK, HG, KJA, PF-J, JF, AF, FVM Drafting of manuscript: ... CG Page of Figure Expression of TGF-b1 mRNA Expression after 30 of reperfusion CG, Control group IRI, 30 of ischemia IPC, IPC + 30 of ischemia IPO, 30 ischemia + IPO IPC+IPO, IPC + 30 of ischemia...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China 2School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China 18 Authors’ contributions XFL and KKLY designed the study XFL conducted ... proliferation, differentiation and adaptation [8] Activation of two families of MAPKs, JNK/ SAPK and p38 MAPK is often correlated with neurodegeneration while the role of ERKs is less clear and may ... interactions with ERa (ligand binding assays; response genes expression) More investigations on ER-independent estrogen action may also contribute to our understanding of ginsenosides’ estrogen-like effects...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 14:20

... results did not conclusively show any clear connection On the other hand, the adverse effects of salinity on radicle and green emergences generally resulted in a reduction of germination with increasing ... popularity of biomass measurements, and with good reason, incorporation of germination and other growth parameters may provide a more complete understanding of the ultimate effects of environmental ... salinity, and interactions upon radicle emergences 42 P-values for the effects of CO2, salinity, and interactions upon green emergences 43 P-values for the effects of salinity on...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 12:30

... to peroxidation of cellular and vascular structures, protein oxidation, cleavage of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) (Chong et 11 al., ... (prostaglandins and leukotrienes), the destruction of microvasculature through adhesion of leucocytes and platelets, the BBB lesion and edema formation further reduce tissue perfusion and aggravate secondary ... activation of caspase that is closely followed by the activation of caspase Type II has limited activation of caspase and is responsible for the release of cytochrome c and second mitochondria-derived...

Ngày tải lên: 02/10/2015, 17:15

... Figure 3.13b Profile of estimated effective unit weight of normally consolidated clay 68 Figure 3.13c Profile of moisture content of over-consolidated clay 69 xii Figure 3.13d Profile of estimated ... for offshore drilling fully Delong McDermott Number was converted and modified from one of the Delong Docks: a pontoon with a substantial number of tubular legs which could be mobilized in up and ... Schematic diagram of servo-controlled loading system 67 Figure 3.12 Schematic diagram of cone penetrometer and T bar penetrometer 67 Figure 3.13a Profile of moisture content of normally consolidated...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 13:53

... vesicles concentration The effects of ion charges of aqueous solution and time factor on the interactions are also studied The nature of the interactions was further understood by the means of rheology ... various concentration: (a) Concentration of NaPSS between 1% - 10%; (b) Concentration of NaPSS between 15% - 25%; (c) Concentration of NaPSS between 30% - 40%; 83 VI List of Abbreviations AFM ... the oxidation of lipids The oxidation processes can be minimized by the addition of antioxidants and use of proper manufacturing conditions for dispersions, for example, the reduction of oxygen...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:39

... enhancement of activity of 21.9-fold over the concentration range 2.540 lm, strongly suggesting that the loss of activity at low concentration may be attributed to subunit dissociation In contrast, ... due to a distribution of partially 4172 unfolded conformations At a protein concentration of lm, the monomeric species appears to predominate in the case of Y74W* The gel ltration results indicate ... shows monomer dimer equilibrium With the increase of monomeric population the buried W74 gets exposed and its emission shifts towards higher wavelength Top panel: comparison of the concentration...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... in a portion of the isolated fractions by liquid scintillation counting using a Beckman liquid scintillation counting system (Fullerton, CA, USA) Portions of PtdCho and PtdEtn fractions were hydrolysed ... high concentrations of AACOCF3 The increase in AA at low concentrations of AACOCF3 could also suggest that an AACOCF3-sensitive pool was destined for product formation, and the inhibition of this ... effects of AACOCF3 on AA release Human neutrophils incubated with different concentrations of AACOCF3 for were stimulated for with 2.5 lM ionophore A23187 Stimulation was stopped by centrifugation and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... interpreted in terms of ligandinduced ATPase activation and concomitant transitions between substrate-binding and substrate-releasing conformational states The consecutive steps of the catalytic ... this question, we compared the effects of Pi analogues (Vi, BeFx, AlF4), trapping nucleotides at the catalytic site of Pgp, and of ATP depletion, on UIC2shift and UIC2/MM12.10 competition Accurate ... 2-deoxy-D-glucose The optimal concentration of Pi analogues (Vi, BeFx and AlF4) and ATP depleting agents were pretitrated in daunorubicin accumulation experiments The concentrations of the chemicals applied...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... under acidic conditions, but shows strong interaction with AKD under alkaline conditions Both bicarbonateion and PCC have a significant catalytic effect on the hydrolysis of AKD, andthe mechanism ... indicated that carbonateand bicarbonate concentrations PCC suspension in were much lower than that in NaHC03 solution The sizing mechanismof AKD using bicarbonate and calcium carbonatewas ion reported ... Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy NOTICE on Colleges degrees of the Southern Association of AND DISCLAIMER The Institute of Paper Science and Technology (IPST) has provided a high standard...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

... smaller amount, such that the protein was dimeric under our standard conditions of mgÆmL)1 and 15 °C Physiological conditions of ionic strength and temperature promoted the dissociation of both ... change in the conformation of this loop Changes in the conformation of the backbone at this point and changes in the orientation of other side chains, as a result of the introduction of the large ... in the CD spectrum of the wild-type enolase, which is seen on dissociation, is mimicked by a loss of W56 Discussion Fig Peptide bond CD of the monomeric and dimeric forms of wild-type yeast enolase...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... al of b-sheet, and even smaller amounts of a-helix [41] We therefore assume that the peptide layer on the DOPC and SM membrane surface consists of such a mixture of oligomers and secondary conformations ... membrane The large effects of SM and cholesterol on peptide insertion and aggregation are consistent with the reported occurrence of the amyloid precursor protein and Ab in neuronal membrane rafts ... These results are consistent with the reported effect of zinc on the formation of a helical peptide structure that facilitates insertion and pore formation as a result of aggregation [22,37,38] Furthermore,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 11:20

... for both, the activation of carriers and for the treatment of bacteria Heat treatment For studying of temperature effects on bacteria degradation the samples (bacteria on substrate carriers) ... to be very efficient monitoring method as well as quantifying method for detection of dead and live bacteria after the plasma treatment CONCLUSION For sterilization effects of low-temperature highly ... 2004: Evaluation of the Roles of Reactive Species, Heat, and UV Radiation in the Inactivation of Bacterial Cells by Air Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/05/2014, 20:29

... competition in the banking industry overall Concentration and Competition Within an existing regulatory environment and given national government control of inflation and monetary policy, competition ... adoption of e-banking Institutional factors Clients Government’s role: Regulation and infrastructure Effects of e-banking and payments infrastructure on efficiency and competition Cost and economies ... inflation and monetary policy, competition and concentration determine bank behavior and the countenance of appropriate risk levels Bank concentration and competition, both core elements of market...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 00:59

... improve postural control is under debate [12] The effect of STN stimulation alone can be studied after overnight withdrawal of anti-PD medication and by turning the stimulation OFF and ON respectively ... Stimulation; DBS OFF: stimulation turned off; DBS ON: stimulation turned on Polarity: Eight patients had monopolar stimulation and two patients bipolar, which applied both to the left and right ... STN stimulation turned ON (Deep Brain Stimulation turned on, DBS ON) , and five patients Page of 10 (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2009, 6:13...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... differences in the timing of assistance between the therapist-controlled and patient-controlled conditions, we calculated the onset of the control signal and the onset of orthoses plantar flexor ... level of cognitive attention and coordination required The amplitude and timing of the control signal was similar for the patient-controlled orthoses and therapist-con- trolled orthoses conditions ... speed, trial condition and fidelity of the data We calculated the average standard deviation over the stride cycle (reported in Figures and 5) for each average profile and for each condition to quantify...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... investigate the effects of visual-stimulus-motion and vection on postural movement, and the after -effects To investigate the effects of visual-stimulus-motion and vection, we separated the COP and head ... vection 9of the relationship between postural control and A model A model of the relationship between postural control and vection Visual and non-visual signals are used for both vection and postural ... responses for the L/R and A/P directions Mean postural responses for the L/R and A/P directions (a) Mean of COP or head position during vection and no-vection in both the L/R and A/P directions...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20