ecosystem health assessment for lake chao using dmm and emm

... Drainage density chart 29 Landcover chart 31 Flo w Diagram For Landcover Map 35 Flow Diagram for Digitized Map 35 Flow Diagram for Landslide Map using GPS 36 Flow Diagram For TIN and maps extraction ... 1987 and 2000, which are use for the extraction of land surface temperature and landuse information 1:25000 scale standard topographic map has been digitized and the obtained contours were used for ... Cultivated land Brush and thin forest Bareland Dense forest Landcover classes Figure 3.9: Landcover chart Map 3.8: Landcover map in Xin Man 31 Map 3.9: Road system in Xin Man 32 CHAPTER METHODOLOGY AND...

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2014, 13:14

... Ceballos-Lascurain, Tourism, Ecotourism and Protected Areas: The state of nature-based tourism around the world and guidelines for its development, 87 IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 1996 [4] ... questionnaires for infrastructure quality assessment Respondents chosen for the survey were staff of the tourism center and tourists The subjects included the quality of guest house, hotel and traffic, ... noise and are almost unable to communicate when being on boat) Therefore, the noise is taken as a limiting factor The results of questionnaires are analysed and shown in Fig The following formula...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 12:20

... the unhealthy behavior and the positive impact of healthy behavior on their proximal social and /or physical environment Full commitment to change Searching and using social support for healthy ... Education and Counselling.Vol.57, pp.204-2010 Glanz, K., Rimer, B.K & Viswanat, K (2008) Theory, Research, and Practice in Health Behavior and Health Education In: Health Behavior and Health Education, ... problems and should be immediately assisted with hands-on-practice and problem-solving sessions to practice new information Unless patients require information on this issue and understand self-care,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 07:20

... Context-Clusters for At first, we automatically create keywords from a title word for each category using co-occurrence information Then centroid-contexts are extracted using the title word and keywords ... Bennett and Demiriz, 1999), and the other employs clustering algorithms for text categorization (Slonim et al., 2002) Nigam studied an Expected Maximization (EM) technique for combining labeled and ... tool for easily creating labeled training data Since our method depends on title words and keywords, we need additional studies about the characteristics of candidate words for title words and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20

... low, as also observed for the healthy Brazilian population and for subjects with juvenile idiopathic arthritis [17], indicating good acceptability and effort efforts by the informants in filling ... not for citation purposes) Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2008, 6:109 http://www.hqlo.com/content/6/1/109 Table 8: CHAQ mean scores for the patient and healthy groups CHAQ Mean (SD) Healthy ... study The clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients were similar for participants and non-partici- Page of 10 (page number not for citation purposes) Health and Quality of Life...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... review and editorial decision-making processes for papers they have co-authored Authors' contributions GSM, HBM and KBL conceived the idea and obtained funding for the study GSM, HBM and KBL ... normal values for the arch index and normalised navicular height, we requested and were provided with raw foot posture measurements from Scott and colleagues [7] comprising data from 50 healthy young ... not for citation purposes) Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 2009, 2:22 http://www.jfootankleres.com/content/2/1/22 Prospective participants screened for AI and NNHt Clinical measurements AI and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 21:23

... transportation, housing and land development, and environmental protection agencies The goal is to integrate publicspace-related information both for day-today management purposes and to inform policymakers’ ... departments—including land and housing development, environmental protection, and public safety agencies (for example in the reporting and handling of criminal cases and residents’ complaints) ... transparency and account- ICT for City Management Executive Summary ability in government; complex and overlapping regulations and policies; and lack of engagement with businesses and investors...

Ngày tải lên: 06/12/2015, 23:03

... Ecosystem Health Status 5.3.2 Case 2: Ecosystem Health Assessment for Lake Chao Using DMM and EMM 5.3.2.1 Assessment Using Direct Measurement Method (DMM) 5.3.2.2 Assessment Using ... 5.2.4 Methods for Lake Ecosystem Health Assessment 5.3 Case Studies 5.3.1 Case 1: Ecosystem Health Assessment for Italian Lakes Using EHIM 5.3.1.1 Selecting Assessment Indicators ... Ecosystem Health Indicators 5.3.2.2.5 The Assessment of Lake Ecosystem Health 5.4 Discussions 5.4.1 About Assessment Results 5.4.1.1 Assessment Results for Lake Chao...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 20:20

... 5.3.1.4.2 Ecosystem Health Status 5.3.2 Case 2: Ecosystem Health Assessment for Lake Chao Using DMM and EMM 5.3.2.1 Assessment Using Direct Measurement Method (DMM) 5.3.2.2 Assessment Using Ecological ... Indicators 5.2.4 Methods for Lake Ecosystem Health Assessment 5.3 Case Studies 5.3.1 Case 1: Ecosystem Health Assessment for Italian Lakes Using EHIM 5.3.1.1 Selecting Assessment Indicators 5.3.1.2 ... Ecosystem Health Indicators 5.3.2.2.5 The Assessment of Lake Ecosystem Health 5.4 Discussions 5.4.1 About Assessment Results 5.4.1.1 Assessment Results for Lake Chao 5.4.1.2 Assessment Results for...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... level Chapter Ecosystem 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Coastal, estuary Lake Lake Coastal Coastal Marine Wetland Pond, lagoon, lake, basin Agroecosystem Landscape Landscape Regional Regional River and estuary ... indicators for eutrophication, either as maximum gC/m2 day or gC/m3 day or gC/m2 year or gC/m3 year A high annual growth of trees in a forest is used as an indicator for a healthy forest ecosystem and ... only limited 2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF ECOSYSTEM HEALTH INDICATORS The ecological indicators applied today in different contexts, for different ecosystems, and for different problems can be classified...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... 68 HANDBOOK OF ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS FOR ASSESSMENT OF ECOSYSTEM HEALTH discussing how their usage can be improved for environment health assessment The possible relation ... to supply synoptic information about the state of ecosystems They usually address an ecosystems structure and/ or functioning accounting for a certain aspect or component; for example, nutrient ... satisfactory in describing the state of ecosystems, comparing their relative performances and discussing how can their usage be improved for environment health assessment 3.2 BRIEF REVIEW ON THE APPLICATION...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... 28 and 29 for details for 29 Chinese lakes; bfor 30 Italian lakes a Copyright © 2005 by Taylor & Francis 5.2.2.4 Indicators for Lake Ecosystem Health Assessment Ecological indicators for lake ecosystem ... Italian lakes, and the data from four seasons during 1987 to 1988 for Lake Soprano were used for assessing and comparing ecosystem health status The results for 30 Italian lakes and for Lake Soprano ... 13.1 3.0 41.3 41.1 25.3 15.3 Middle Middle Bad Worst 5.3.2 Case 2: Ecosystem Health Assessment for Lake Chao Using DMM and EMM Lake Chao is located in central Anhui Province of the southeastern China...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... health of the ecosystem from several scenario analyses Historically, the health of an ecosystem has been measured using indices of particular species or components; for example, macrophytes and ... developed (for a recent review see Rapport (1995)) Exergy and related values — that is, structural exergy, specific exergy, etc — have recently been used to assess ecosystem health in freshwater ecosystems ... mortality due to anoxic crises For analyzing the ecosystem health we used specific exergy calculated in terms of biomass of the different model’s variables and its information content (Jørgensen,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... Christensen, V and Pauly, D Trophic Models of Aquatic Ecosystems ICLARM, Manila, Philippines 1993, 390 p Costanza, R ‘‘Toward an operational definition of ecosystem health, ’’ in Ecosystem Health, New ... Shelf Ecosystem, Mexico Continental Shelf Ecosystem, Mexico Shelf Ecosystem, Venezuela Brunei Darassulak, South China Sea The following ecological indicators were determined for all 12 ecosystems: ... information from more marine ecosystems Biomass includes plants (algae) that have relatively low exergy and also lower respiration It explains why exergy with high weighting factors for fish and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... levels: for upwelling ecosystems, 22%; for tropical shelves, 20%; for nontropical shelves, 26%; and for rivers and lakes, 23%.52 These coastal system levels are thus comparable to those estimated for ... indicators for ecosystem health are in other ecosystems typically focused on describing communities and community change over time As marine ecosystems are generally less accessible for direct ... of forcing function that is influencing ecosystem health However, it is often a challenge when interpreting such indices to describe the reference states for ‘‘healthy’’ ecosystems.29,30 Using...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... decreases (Bastianoni and Marchettini, 1997) The fourth ecosystem was Lake Trasimeno in Umbria (Ludovisi, 1998; Ludovisi and Poletti, 2003) Lake Trasimeno is the largest lake in peninsular Italy, ... as work which can be extracted by these organisms or ecosystems For instance, the application to aquatic ecosystems produced the formula for exergy ‘‘density’’ (J/l):   ! X À Á ci ci ln þ ci ... equilibrium (Jørgensen and Meyer, 1977) Starting from the equation above, following considerations about the relationship between concentration and probability and between probability and information content...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... that allows us to support and ensure ecological and sustainable public policies for agricultural land use For this purpose, a thermodynamic model of ecosystem under the anthropogenic ... considered as a reference ecosystem For instance, if an agro -ecosystem is surrounded by forest then a final stage will be forest, so that the reference ecosystem also will be forest However, this reasoning ... the watershed of Lake Belau, a natural succession would lead to a forest ecosystem (like on all farmland in central Europe) Since forest is not successionally close to farmland, we selected long-term...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... constitutes ecosystem health? Perspect Biol Med 33, 120–132, 1989 Rapport, D.J and Moll, R ‘‘Applications of ecosystem theory and modelling to assess ecosystem health, ’’ in Handbook of Ecosystem ... beach forest and a directly neighboring arable land ecosystem will be demonstrated Both ecosystems had a similar agricultural use before the forest was planted Thus the question is which ecosystem ... immense loss of grazing land for the big reindeer herds Causes are growing demands for electricity (hydroelectric power plants with huge artificial lakes), an increasing demand for tourist areas, a...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... identity For example, a forest stand or grassland may remain a forest patch or grassland over and over again, each with its own dynamic states of rapid growth, conservation, collapse, and reorganization ... information systems, spatial analysis of landscape patterns, and habitat classification methods, provides an outstanding potential support to: Identify real landscape patches as habitats and land ... gradients and to decreasing human influence and control (Figure 13.2) So-called lowland hay meadows are rich mesophile grasslands in the lowland, hills and submountain ranges, regularly manured, and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... (Odum, 1996) and systems ecology (Odum, 1983) that form the basis for understanding ecological systems within the context of ecosystem health 14.3.1 Emergy and Transformity: Concepts and Definitions ... a measure of healthy ecosystem dynamics Odum (1996) suggested transformities for various categories of information within ecosystems and these are given in Table 14.5 In healthy ecosystems (as ... of that.’’ Ecosystem health may be related to the totality of ecosystem structure and function and may only be understood within that framework The condition of landscapes and the ecosystems...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22