economics of sugar production from cellulosic biomass

... largest producer of sugar, accounting for 20 percent of total world production with an estimated 28.700 million metric tons of sugar production All of Brazil’s sugar production is from sugarcane The ... comparable to the economics of producing ethanol from sugar feedstocks in the United States The prices of sugarcane and sugar beets, sugarcane and sugar beet production costs, ethanol production facility ... gallons of ethanol, up from billion gallons in 2004 Production of ethanol in Brazil utilizes sugar and molasses from sugarcane as a primary feedstock In addition to Brazil, production of ethanol from...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 05:20

... largest producer of sugar, accounting for 20 percent of total world production with an estimated 28.700 million metric tons of sugar production All of Brazil’s sugar production is from sugarcane The ... comparable to the economics of producing ethanol from sugar feedstocks in the United States The prices of sugarcane and sugar beets, sugarcane and sugar beet production costs, ethanol production facility ... gallons of ethanol, up from billion gallons in 2004 Production of ethanol in Brazil utilizes sugar and molasses from sugarcane as a primary feedstock In addition to Brazil, production of ethanol from...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 06:20

... can produce moles of hydrogen with mole of n-butyrate or moles of hydrogen with mole of acetate from mole of hexose In most cases using soluble defined substrates, hydrogen production yield and ... amounts of food waste and sewage sludge were added in individual bottles Each bottle was supplemented with 200 mg of KH2PO4, 14 mg of MgCl2•4H2O, mg of Na2MoO4•4H2O, mg of CaCl2•2H2O, 2.5 mg of MnCl2•6H2O, ... hydrogen production due to its amounts Thus, in this work, food waste and sewage sludge were used for fermentative production of hydrogen Effects of VS concentrations and mixing ratio of two substrates...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 08:40

... Impact factors of microalgal biomass production and biofuels productivity There are two major factors that affect the productivity of microalgal biomass production and biofuels production, the ... biodiesel production Fig 1.4 A schematic of biofuels production from microalgae 12 Fig 1.5 View of a raceway pond 15 Fig 1.6 View of horizontal tubular photobioreactor 16 Fig 1.7 Transesterification of ... of 1-2% [11] 1.1.3 Feedstock of biodiesel Because the cost of raw feedstocks accounts for about 75% of the total cost of biodiesel production (Fig 1.3), choosing an appropriate feedstock is of...

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2015, 10:12

... School of Konkuk University TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables v List of Figures vi Abstract ix Chapter Structure and mechanism studies of sugar epimerase from ... conversion of D-sugars to the corresponding L-sugars It is also a convenient mechanism for accessing the structural diversity derived from a handful of common sugar precursors The reactions of most ... Mechanism Studies of Sugar Epimerase from Dictyoglomus turgidum Pham, Tan Viet Department of Advanced Technology Fusion Graduate School of Konkuk University Cellobiose 2-epimerase from Dictyoglomus...

Ngày tải lên: 20/05/2016, 21:08

... generation of bioethanol made from cellulosic feedstocks without a food use, namely cellulosic ethanol, has premise for a new industry, A broad range of lignocellulosic biomass has been considered as cellulosic ... loading of 10 mg enzyme protein/g glucan recovered 79.1% of potential glucan and 88.2% of potential xylan in solution from ADC final, and 83.3% of potential glucan and 89.1% of potential xylan from ... Reference Ackerson MD, Clausen EC, Gaddy JL 1991 Production of ethanol from MSW via concentrated acid hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic fraction Energy from Biomass and Wastes 15:725-43 Aden A, Ruth...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 00:20

... addition to biomass feedstock, by feeding the whole off gas from PSA unit to the combustion chamber of the gasifier Fig illustrates these estimates, showing the calculated percentage of off gas recirculation ... implies a circulation of about 50 kg bed material per kg of dry biomass feedstock [46] The off gas is totally recirculated only in the case of S/B ¼ and T ¼ 850  C As a result of these numerical ... the mass flow rate of biomass dry and ash free feeding the plant and HV is the Heating Value (High or Low) of hydrogen and dry ash free biomass, respectively As mentioned above, biomass feedstock...

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2016, 09:32

... successful hydrogen production from sucrose and sugar derivatives Huss et al.(2004) reported that the hydrogen production from sucrose and pulped sugar beet by anaerobic digester sludge from a sewage ... hydrogen production at low level of nitrogen (3mM of total nitrogen) was higher than at high level of nitrogen (11 mM of total nitrogen) Control (no N added) had a lower number of cells than the production ... concentration of butyrate was found to inhibit hydrogen production and pigment production of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides 3701 (Pansoomboon, 1988) Table Kinetic parameters for hydrogen production from...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

... estimation of the biogas potential of the sludge the quality of the sludge was analysed and the results is presented below in Table The average litre of biogas produced from a kg of TVS found ... is composed of 68-72% CH4, 18-20% CO2, and 8% H2S [5] However, the average composition of biogas of different feedstock is presented in Table Table Average composition of biogas from different ... Chairman of the Board of the Ghana Energy Commission Prof Brew-Hammond previously served as Manager of the Technical Secretariat for the Global Village Energy Partnership (GVEP) based in the UK from...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... allowing the flow of high salinity water to the surface and shallow aquifers Environmental impacts of petroleum production arise primarily from the improper disposal of large volumes of saline water ... the volume of produced water relative to petroleum increases with time, typically reaching 98% of total fluids during the later stages of field production The chemical composition of produced ... climatic settings of the Lester and Branstetter leases resemble that of much of the major southern mid-continent oil- and gas-producing area of the U.S The leases are also typical of many depleted...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... concentration of Allu6P after derivatization [13] Isomerization of this 6-carbon sugar could not be detected, even when it was added at a concentration of 30 mm The same preparation of TcRpiB had a kcat of ... The PPP consists of two branches The oxidative branch leads from d-glucose 6-phosphate to d-ribulose 5-phosphate, with the reduction of two molecules of NADP The non-oxidative, or sugar interconversion, ... reliable estimate of the proportions bound to the protein based on the electron density because of the strong similarity of the two sugars Our kinetic data show that TcRpiB has values of kcat and Km...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 00:20

... terms of the proper assignment of words to part -of- speech classes However, it must be capable of separating identically spelled words into different classes on the basis of function These words often ... distinctions, the current version of the parser fails to supply this information A new version of UTTER should include a better parser which is capable of making these sorts of part -of- speech dlstlnctlons ... SYSTEM ORGANIZATION The current implementation of UTTER operates in one of three modes, each of which corresponds to one of the three tasks required of the system: (I) (2) trainin~ mode: flagglr~...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 05:21

... of used vegetable oils using the heterogeneous WO3/ZrO2 catalyst for production of biodiesel Bioresour Technol 2010;101:S59e61 [10] Lou WY, Zong MH, Duan ZQ Efficient production of biodiesel from ... good dispersion of K2O on Nd2O3 in the form of a monolayer due to the interaction between K2O and the surface of the support at a low loading of KOH And when the loading amount of KOH was further ... the surface of the support FTIR spectra of Nd2O3 and KOHeNd2O3 catalyst were recorded and shown in Fig The spectrum of the support shows sharp peak at 1475 cmÀ1 From the spectrum of catalyst,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2014, 08:42

... (community) by forestry free of charge Costs of their reproduction are included at a decisive measure in the costs of material production (mainly timber production) with the exception of state participation ... Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic RESULTS the Condition of Forests and Forestry in the Czech Republic, 2004) General production characteristics of Czech forestry Primary indicators of forest ... the depreciation of actual yield from the forest that is concerned but also the frequently neglected detriment from the unused potential and production capacities of the character of “opportunity...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 03:22

... withdrawn from the oil at every 30 from each flask 2.3 Determination of Degree of Hydrolysis (Conversion) and Rate of Hydrolysis The degree of hydrolysis was determined by titration of the oil ... Hydrolysis Profile Figure shows a typical hydrolysis profile of palm oil at temperature of 45ºC for an initial palm oil concentration of 0.1 g palm oil/ml iso-octane at agitation speed of 200 rpm ... indicator The degree of hydrolysis, X is calculated as below: X,% = (ml NaOH used) (molarity of NaOH) (average molecular weight of fatty acid) 10 (weight of sample) (1) The rate of hydrolysis, r...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:20

... influence of CAM on NO production from NPFs in response to LPS stimulation NPFs were stimulated with 1.0 μg/ml LPS in the presence of various concentrations of CAM for 24 hours The addition of CAM ... caused suppression of NO production (Figure 2) The minimum concentration of CAM, which caused significant suppression of NO production was 0.4 μg/ml (Figure 2) The third set of experiments was ... influence of metabolized CAM, M-1, M-4 and M-5, on NO production from NPFs induced by LPS stimulation As shown in Figure 3A, M-1 could not inhibit NO production from NPFs, even when 0.1 μg/ml of the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... development of molecules aimed to prevent the overproduction of NO constitutes an interesting area of research of a new treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases [15-18] In the absence of curative ... different from the control value Figure Effect of various concentrations of flavonoùds extracted from A herba alba on IL-12 production in PBMC (5 x106 cells/mL) of patients with ABD Presence of cytokines ... were performed with STATISTCA v software under windows Results In vitro production of cytokine during the active stage of ABD To quantify the spontaneous production of IL-12, IL-4 and NO during...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... influence of CAM on NO production from NPFs in response to LPS stimulation NPFs were stimulated with 1.0 μg/ml LPS in the presence of various concentrations of CAM for 24 hours The addition of CAM ... caused suppression of NO production (Figure 2) The minimum concentration of CAM, which caused significant suppression of NO production was 0.4 μg/ml (Figure 2) The third set of experiments was ... influence of metabolized CAM, M-1, M-4 and M-5, on NO production from NPFs induced by LPS stimulation As shown in Figure 3A, M-1 could not inhibit NO production from NPFs, even when 0.1 μg/ml of the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... —0 ,/ MCP-1 from IL-1β-activated HMC-1 cells Effects of Baicalein (BAI) on production of IL-6, IL-8, and Figure Effects of Baicalein (BAI) on production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 from IL-1β-activated ... —0 ) 71 Figureof Baicalein (BAI) on production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 Effects from TNF-α-activated HMC-1 cells Effects of Baicalein (BAI) on production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 from TNF-α-activated ... 4analysis of effects of BAI on the gene expression of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in IL-1β- and TNF-α-activated HMC-1 cells RT-PCR RT-PCR analysis of effects of BAI on the gene expression of IL-6, IL-8,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:22