earth s energy and radiation

... authority in terms of performance standards is the setting of “tailpipe” emission standards for motor vehicle emissions, as well as overseeing fuels and additives for those sources This is in recognition ... Hazardous Air Pollutants Pollutant lists and source categories Emission standards and compliance schedules State programs Shoreline deposition Special studies Prevention of accidental releases Risk ... such as gasoline stations, dry cleaners, manufacturers of furniture, printing presses, and small boilers are also included STANDARDS Emission standards for HAPs are classified into two categories:...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... manufacturing and service operations He is also involved in compliance assurance processes, including facility based self-assessment programs, as well as business and corporate audit programs Previously, ... technology-based emission standards for “major” stationary sources by industry category; subsequent risk-based standards that would be triggered if the technology-based standards are not sufficiently ... authors to support the EPA s mission of understanding and quantifying the health risks from HAPs The studies were focused on various aspects of the presence of HAPs in ambient air, and addressed...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... sources used for the HAPs properties survey are handbooks and databases of chemical and physical properties.8,13–21 Whenever possible, inconsistencies and errors were corrected by comparisons ... emissions of HAPs to the atmosphere Table 2.1 also summarizes the properties reviewed for the various volatility classes of HAPs and the number of HAPs in each class Nineteen of the HAPs are listed ... mercury compounds in vapor and particulate forms (SVINC and NVINC) In such cases, the HAPs have been assigned in this table based on the vapor pressure of the most volatile species present in ambient...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... analysis methods for ambient measurements For purposes of human health risk assessment, it is also necessary that ambient measurements be conducted at sites that represent the local population and ... 5/96 NIOSH 7402 Microscopy- Transmission Electron using cellulose ester filter for Asbestos by TEM 8/94 NIOSH 7400 Light Microscopy- Phase Contrast using cellulose ester filter for Asbestos and Other ... concentrations 16 and atmospheric transformations16–18 of the HAPs Those surveys are presented as Chapters and of this book The ambient concentrations surveys16,19–21 were especially useful as a guide...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... oven source As a result, measurements of coke oven emissions as a chemical group in urban areas simply not exist The representativeness of the HAPs data for use in health risk assessments is an ... site Summer samples Spring samples Winter samples Spring samples Winter samples All nondetects Rural site Downtown, winter Summer samples; includes 59 nondetects Spring samples; all nondetects Winter ... nondetects trans- and cis- reported separately and summed; trans: includes 335 nondetects; cis: includes 339 nondetects Sum of cis- and transisomers All nondetects © 2002 by CRC Press LLC TABLE...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... investigations of HAP transformations into three types: Kinetics studies to determine rate constants Product studies Studies designed to measure both the kinetics and reaction products The persistence, ... products of HAP transformations and the persistence of HAPs in the atmosphere However, a short overview of the experimental methods used to study HAP transformations is presented first to assist the ... other gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric instruments can search for numerous unknown reaction products or can measure several reactants and products simultaneously Other instruments measure...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... envisioned capabilities-based programming This research should be of interest to programmers, analysts, capability and risk assessors, and planners iii iv Assessing Capabilities and Risks in ... Congress In part to address these issues, the Air Force began the Capabilities Review and Risk Assessment (CRRA) process Air Force Programming and Capability Assessments Current Capabilities Review ... is to program using a set of scenarios called the Defense Planning Scenarios.1 These are composed of homeland security scenarios and scenarios for MCOs, small-scale contingencies, and steady-state...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 14:20

... Accumulates in soil and sediments Soluble forms may contaminate water systems Harms plants and wildlife; accumulates in soils and sediments May adversely affect land and water ecosystems Exists in ... Accumulates in soil and sediments Soluble forms may contaminate water systems Harms plants and wildlife; accumulates in soils and sediments May adversely affect land and water ecosystems Exists in ... MACT standards for existing sources are to be at least as stringent as the average emissions achieved by the best performing 12 percent of existing sources For new sources, MACT standards are...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 14:20

... kidneys, liver, and other organs, and can lead to osteoporosis and reproductive disorders Its effects upon fetuses and young children produces learning disabilities and lowers IQ Lead exposures result ... chrysotile Asbestos is used in many products, but most of it is used in construction—in floor tiles, cements, roofing felts, and shingles and was used in very large quantities to protect steel structures ... illnesses and deaths from heart and lung disease as a result of both short- and long-term exposures People with heart disease may experience chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... materials such as biomass chicken litter, wood products and sewage sludge Further cleanup of the syngas involves removal of acid gases such as COS, H 2S and chlorides as well as a process to recover sulfur ... General steam system Acid gas Sulfur plant/sulfur sales Slag and ash Roads, fill, other products Runoff and stripped Biotreater processed and recirculated so that the desired discharge from the system ... status of coal gasification environmental effects A comparison of the impacts on water streams of various processes is given in Table Pruschek et al (1995) discusses the removal of pollutants...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... were assayed in duplicates Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA, Fisher PLSD this gene-clustering analysis was established by comparing gene expression in livers of hypercholesterolemic ... Materials and methods Western blot analysis reports An important step in understanding how ambient PM promotes endothelial cell dysfunction and atherosclerosis is to dissect the mechanisms of how ... proteomics to refereed research Statistical analysis For the microarray gene-expression analysis, the two-tail Student t-test embedded within the BeadStudio software was used For the assessment of synergy,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... forces that drive emissions, and to the results of international agreements and mitigation Further, assessments of possible societal and ecosystem impacts, and analysis of mitigation strategies, ... and less sea level rise Placing caps on NOx alone also leads to decreases in OH and thus increases in CH4 These OH decreases and CH4 increases are lessened (but not reversed) when there are simultaneous ... emissions of sulfur oxides from combustion of fossil fuels and biomass, and from industrial processes Cases (4) and (5) address combinations more likely to be representative of a real comprehensive...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world RAND s publications not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients ... depends on the unobservable data (in this case, the individual values of gamma) and assumed values for the rest of the parameters is used to estimate the unobservable data The second step consists ... periods This means that computation is much easier, because the model now assumes that the future is certain Of course this simplification comes with a cost This model of decisionmaking does not...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 23:20

... NPOESS NRAC NRC OMB OSD O&M PBR PE P.L POM PPBS R&D RDT&E SAB SAE SAF/AQ SAF/AQR SAF/AQRT SBIR SBIRS SECAF SECDEF SES SPO STO S& E S& T TEO TOA TRL TUT USAF USD/AT&L WCMD WMD WSCP WTA ACRONYMS fiscal ... demonstrations of components and subsystems or system models The models may be form, fit and function prototypes or scaled models proof of technological feasibility and assessment of subsystem ... (see the subsection below) to develop system or system-of-systems concepts Request that industry and professional associations provide recommended technologies, concepts, or thrusts to be considered...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 12:20

... stakeholders 1.3.2 Emissions Assessment for Clarifying Issues Emissions assessment techniques are an indispensable part of air quality management With technical experts available, emissions assessments ... Emissions in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal Rapid Inventory Assessment Technique (RIAS) based emissions assessments have illustrated that most industrial emissions are caused by brick industries Kathmandu ... mobile sources (traffic) that were not addressed Emission assessments of all the activity sectors could have avoided this Emissions assessment also helps to identify the underlying reasons for...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... reductions, and costs for control measures that address transportation, residential and industrial emission sources We estimate emissions reductions and costs for each year from 2003 to 2020 such that ... 199 0s Focusing on the emissions of hydrocarbons, two tunnel studies report results on the measurement of exhaust emissions profiles for motor vehicles in operation, as well as hot soak emissions ... reductions, and direct costs for control measures that address transportation, residential and industrial sources of local and global air pollution emissions Detailed descriptions of each measure is...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 14:20

... Officers (“APO s ) on board flights designated by the Minister of Transport as requiring the presence of APO s and on board other selected flights.” As a result, an agreement was signed on September ... included such tests, as considered necessary, to provide reasonable assurance that the above audit objectives were achieved These tests included, but were not limited to, examining, on a sample basis, ... Canada, in response to the events of September 11, 2001, allocated funding resources within Budget 2001 over the next five years to meet rigorous new standards for security in airports and on aircraft...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 15:20

... included such tests, as considered necessary, to provide reasonable assurance that the above audit objectives were achieved These tests included, but were not limited to, examining, on a sample basis, ... years to meet rigorous new standards for security in airports and on aircraft operated by Canadian air carriers transporting passengers Upon the request of the Department of Transport (“Transport ... APO s and on board other selected flights.” As a result, an agreement was signed on September 17, 2002 between the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority (“CATSA”) and the RCMP for the establishment,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 15:20

... Officers (“APO s ) on board flights designated by the Minister of Transport as requiring the presence of APO s and on board other selected flights.” As a result, an agreement was signed on September ... planned and performed in such a way as to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial information is free of material misstatement The audit included such tests, as considered necessary, ... Between CATSA and the RCMP for the Establishment, Operation and Funding for the CACPP This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Audit Objectives This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Scope and Approach...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 15:20

... emission inventory estimates In this study we have endeavoured to focus resources on ensuring that the most significant sources are assessed most accurately across the time series, whilst less significant ... includes emissions from Energy Industries, Industrial Combustion, Fugitive, Solvent Processes, Waste as well as 1A5b, 7A Figure 2-4 Scotland Ammonia Emissions by Sector, 1990-2010 Scotland s ammonia ... includes emissions from Energy Industries, Industrial Combustion, Fugitive, Solvent Processes, Waste as well as 1A5b, 7A Figure 2-6 Wales Ammonia Emissions by Sector, 1990-2010 Ammonia emissions in...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 21:20