... nonspecific interactions is supported by the observation that preabsorbing ofthe CB1 antibody with its corresponding blocking peptide eliminated almost all ofthe staining of these bands (Fig 3A) The ... amplification of cDNA of these cells shows a single band ofthe expected molecular size (Fig 2A) We also determined the presence ofthe FAAH protein by Western blot analysis (Fig 3C) An intense staining ... Dendritic cells, derived from bone marrow stem cells, are the most potent antigen-presenting cellsofthe immune system They play a central role inthe initiation of primary immune response and in the...
... coli in vivo can be explained by their competitive inhibition at the ribosome-binding site [32] Together, the M and C domains of human eRF1, inthe absence ofthe N domain, are able to bind to the ... detail below The C domain of eRF1 interacts with the C domain of eRF3 [15–18], and the binding of both factors is essential for fast kinetics ofthe termination of translation [1] However, in a simplified ... and dynamicsof eRF1 middle domain A B Fig 1H,15N-HSQC spectra ofthe M domain of human eRF1 The numbering ofthe residues corresponds to that ofthe full eRF1 protein (A) The Gly region of the...
... These results indicate that the binding ofthe hormone to V2 receptors on the basolateral membrane of principal cells stimulates cAMP synthesis, which leads to the translocation of AQP-2 to the ... understand the role of P-LAP inthe kidney, further studies are required to determine the actual movement ofthe vesicles containing P-LAP employing more distinctive renal cells such as the primary ... detected inthe distal tubules ofthe cortex and the collecting ducts ofthe cortex and medulla (data not shown) Vesicular distribution of P-LAP protein in NRK52E cellsThe subcellular localization of...
... [115] reported the finding of two potential binding sites for HIF-1 inthe first intron ofthe PK-M gene On the other hand, Yamada and Noguchi [116] reported that there is no HIF-1 binding sequence ... melanoma cells, elevation ofthe cellular Ca2+ concentration leads to detachment of PFK from the cytoskeleton and thus diminishes the provision of local ATP inthe vicinity ofthe cytoskeleton [71] The ... be induced by incubating cancer cells with oligomycin, an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthetase [159,160] Similarly, reduction of OXPHOS by targeted disruption of frataxin, a protein involved...
... Discussion The aim ofthe present study was to investigate the intracellular fate of PrPC by examining for the first time its biosynthesis inthe secretory pathway of neuroendocrine cellsin vivo and the ... panel), suggesting that the level of GFP–PrPC transgene expression was dependent on the colour ofthe background ofthe animal The fusion protein was found only inthe NIL and not inthe AL of black- ... granules in skin melanophores resulting in darkening ofthe skin [23] POMC is the major cargo protein in this cell type and during adaptation to a black background the amount of POMC mRNA is induced...
... transfection of PC12 cells was performed using LipofectAMINETM (Life Technologies Inc.) according to the manufacturer’s protocol 293T cells were maintained in minimum Eagle’s medium (MEM) containing 10% ... represents the limiting component of TGF-b1 signaling in PC12 cells Smad2 phosphorylation was analysed in parental PC12 cells and in stable PC12 cells expressing TbRII-wt under the control of a doxycyclineinducible ... to TGF-b1 (Fig 2B), again indicating that TbRII is the limiting component of TGF-b1 signaling in PC12 cellsThe mechanism of Smad reporter activation was investigated by using luciferase constructs...
... domain ERM contains two DNA binding inhibitory domains flanking the Ets domain: the central 87 amino acid inhibitory domain is poorly conserved and virtually specific to ERM, and the C-terminal ... marks the position of supershifted complexes (B) The binding ofin vitro translated ERM is eliminated by mutations in Ets motifs The binding ofin vitro translated ERM over the PS1 promoter was ... complexes with in vitro translated ERM which could be supershifted by the antibody, indicating the presence of ERM binding site(s) in each ofthe three probes We also examined the pattern of complexes...
... 2-D pattern ofthe silver stained gel image ofthe master gel image 2-D pattern ofthe silver stained gel image ofthe master gel image 2-D pattern ofthe silver stained gel image of a master ... electrophoresis, the gels were fixed in 50% ethanol, and 10% acetic acid for 12 hours Silver staining Proteins were visualized using the silver staining method employing a modification ofthe method of Heukeshoven ... proteins inthe AML samples 23 Spots ofthe gastric cancer cell line were not represented inthe AML samples Intra-individual analysis ofthe spot patterns showed a high correlation between the...
... to the generation of fibroblast-like cells There was a variation inthe expression of NFκB1 mRNA among the RA patients We next examined the relationship ofthe initial levels of NFκB1 mRNA in ... examine whether the elevation of NFκB1 mRNA expression parallels the elevation of NFκB1 protein expression in bone marrow CD34+ cellsThe protein expression of NFκB1 was evaluated by staining of permeabilized ... expression of a variety of genes, including MMP-1, under the influence of TNF-α [3] The results inthe current study have demonstrated that the expression of mRNA for NFκB1 is increased in RA bone...
... binding of AP-1 to the consensus and cd38 putative binding sites in HASM cells TNF-α-induced activation and specific binding of AP-1 to the consensus and cd38 putative binding sites in HASM cells ... mutations in either ofthe binding sites abolish promoter activation Dexamethasone increases the binding of GR to some ofthe GRE sites within the promoter and abolishes promoter activation induced ... Dexamethasone induced binding of nuclear proteins to oligonucleotides corresponding to the cd38 putative GRE binding sequences 1, and (labeled GRE1 to GRE4), and decreased binding inthe presence of the...
... mid-frontal gyrus ofthe brain of infected individuals A high rate of viral replication occurs in this region ofthe brain Interestingly, the presence ofthe 6G configuration of this binding site also ... retains the C-terminal DNAbinding domain and competes for binding with the activator isoforms of C/EBP C/EBP isoform expression depends on the differentiation and activation state ofcellsinthe ... by the binding ofthe DNA-binding domain of p65 to the DNA-binding domain of Sp1 [108] (Fig 4) Sp3 and Sp4 are unable to activate transcription cooperatively with NF-κB [66] Inthe absence of...
... smoothing was performed using lowess curves [69] These curves are produced by weighted leastsquare linear fitting within a window sliding through the data The size ofthe window (span) controls the ... 7:R120 information The initial analysis ofthe human genome sequence [1] had indicated that the HOX gene cluster is virtually deprived of TEs; the same result was obtained upon analysis ofthe mouse ... whether any MIR region has been preferentially retained in MIR-rich immune response genes, we retrieved all MIR elements located inthe intronic regions of these genes or in their flanking intergenic...
... was linked to records of individual purse-seine sets inthe Gulf Menhaden fishery We then assessed the spatial effect of DO on four attributes ofthe commercial fishery: the probability of fishing, ... Locations of total Gulf Menhaden landings (millions of fish) at 5- × 5-min grid cells, summed over all fishing sets inthe northern Gulf of Mexico during 2006–2009 (darker shading incells = more ... each of these regions, beginning with the western region There were significant increases in all response variables as DO concentration declined inthe western range ofthe fishery (Figure 5) In...
... defined as having experimental in vitro or in vivo evidence of one or a combination ofthe following traits: depolarization ofthe inner transmembrane potential due to either uncoupling or inhibiting ... crossing a threshold at the point -of- no-return • Continued course of disease, in some severe cases despite discontinuation of drug administration, consistent with the concept of accumulation of ... (2D-DIGE), incorporates the labelling of two pools of protein samples and an internal standard with fluorescent cyanine dyes (Cy2, Cy3 and Cy5) permitted the multiplexing of samples in a single 2D...
... action Inhibit myosin II ATPase activity by binding to myosin II-ADP-Pi Blebbistatin and inhibit the release ofthe ADP Inhibit actin polymerization by binding to the barb end ofthe FCytochalasin ... to understand the functions ofthe different populations of microtubules in mitotic spindle in positioning ofthe cleavage furrow 1.2.1.1 Roles of microtubules in positioning ofthe cleavage furrow ... subunits, INCENP (inner centromere protein), survivin and borealin INCENP functions as the scaffold for the whole complex Moreover, binding of aurora B to INCENP stimulates the kinase activity of aurora...
... ratio in this report One challenge in determining both ratios is the wide-ranging urban configurations of stations in this study As we are also interested in intra-urban differences and UHI in open ... 4.1 Determining the basis for comparison The main goal of Chapter is to identify and describe distinct patterns of variation inthe empirical data collected The definitions used in this Chapter ... these maps to the extent ofthe study area The script was then used to identify days with heavy cloud cover and rainfall over Singapore These were corroborated using hourly rainfall and wind data...
... UHI in a tropical city Thermal benefits of city parks Temporal dynamicsof UHI in Singapore Study ofthe impact of greenery in an institutional campus inthe tropics In uence of land use on UHI in ... spatiotemporal dynamicsofthe UHI, supported by in- depth statistical analyses ofthe data collected during the monitoring exercise Beyond describing the data collected inthe field, the causal factors ... Despite the importance ofthe urban thermal environment, limitations inthe availability of local data and research efforts mean that gaps remain inthe knowledge ofthe urban thermal environment in...
... towards the end ofthe rainy season are also important to the shape ofthe UHI curve during these months The difference in cooling rate between urban and rural areas determines the slope ofthe curve ... values begin to increase across the island A heat island develops inthe city area inthe south but pockets of warm islands also develop in other parts while the footprint of cool islands shrink At ... across the island Interestingly, the core ofthe city does not have a distinctive heat island formation, possibly due to the amount of tall buildings providing shade at the street level The largest...
... parts ofthe island At the end ofthe NE monsoon in March and April, heat islands begin to grow stronger (∼2.5◦ C) and thermal gradients are increasing Values of mean UHIraw continue to increase, ... across the estate to predict heat island intensity in a straight-line function As the H/W ratio used inthe present study focuses on the immediate proximity ofthe sensor, it may be indicative ofthe ... metadata and the accounting for various confounding factors such as weather and thermal inertia are in- line with the criteria laid out by Stewart (2011) This achieves the initial goal of having a scientifically...
... effect in Metro Manila International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29(10):2799–2818 Tso, C (1994) The impact of urban development on the thermal environment of Singapore In WMO, editor, Report ofthe ... (1997) The vegetation inthe nature reserves of Singapore Garden’s Bulletin, Singapore, 47:147–159 Dufresne, J.-L and Bony, S (2008) An assessment ofthe primary sources of spread of global warming ... (2001) On the impact of urban climate on the energy consumption of buildings Solar Energy, 70(3):201–216 Singapore Meteorological Services (1986) A study ofthe urban climate of Singapore In Chia,...