dummy variable regression models pdf

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 10:15

... linear models (DGLMs, West et al. (1985) and Fahrmeir and Tutz (2001)) to analyse air pollution and health data. Dynamic generalised linear models extend generalised linear models by allowing the regression ... time (models 1 and 2); a first order random walk (models 3 and 4); a second order random walk (models 5 and 6); and a local linear trend model (models 7 and 8). To aid clarity in the following ... four trend models β t Long-term trends, overdispersion and temporal correlation are removed from the health data with one of four trend models: a natural cubic spline of calendar time (models 1...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 10:20

... this system is nonlinear with respect to the Y n variables and has no explicit solution except for special cases [29,82]. Thus comprehensive kinetic models of multisite phos- phorylation require ... Wee1A. Mol Cell Biol 25, 10580–10590. 106 Heinrich R, Neel BG & Rapoport TA (2002) Mathe- matical models of protein kinase signal transduction. Mol Cell 9, 957–970. 107 Tanaka S, Tak YS & Araki ... challenges and present new opportunities for mathematical modelling and simulation to obtain predictive models for the dynamics of cellular regula- tory networks. Acknowledgements The work was supported...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 08:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... s  i s  j . ✷ This completes the proof. 5 Experimental Comparison of , φ and T, T  encoded language models For our experiments we used lattices derived from a very large vocabulary continuous speech ... lattices for the develop- ment set were generated using a competitive base- line system with acoustic models trained on about 1000 hrs of Arabic broadcast data and a 4-gram lan- guage model. The language ... – the lexicographic semiring (Golan, 1999) – which permits an exact encoding of these sorts of models with the same compact topology as with fail- ure transitions, but using epsilon transitions....

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... 40%. The curves for bigram and unigram models have similar shapes, but the trigram models outperform the lower-order models. Error rates for the bigram models range from 37-45% and the unigram ... scores from language models as features in another classifier (e.g. an SVM). For ex- ample, perplexity (P P) is an information-theoretic measure often used to assess language models: P P = 2 H(t|c) , ... measures, it does not capture syntactic information. We believe that higher order n-gram models or class n-gram models can achieve better performance by captur- ing both semantic and syntactic information....

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 15:20

... needs, and evolving scholarly publishing business models (Figure 1.1). 1.2.1 Alternative publishing models This study focuses on three emerging models for scholarly publishing, namely: subscription ... electronic) and electronic-only formats for toll and open access business models, and then to compare toll and open access models as if they were all electronic or ‘e-only’. All of these costings ... models of scholarly publishing, radically changing our capacity to reproduce, distribute, control, and publish information. The key question is whether there are new opportunities and new models...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 20:20

... based on real world results Many of the fat burning techniques used by bodybuilders and fitness models are controversial. The scientific community is often hesitant to accept such “radical” practices...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 01:22

... Work We have presented two novel probabilistic models for unsupervised word sense disambiguation using parallel corpora and have shown that both models outperform existing unsupervised approaches. ... significant difference in model performance. 5 Experimental Evaluation Both the models are generative probabilistic models learned from parallel corpora and are expected to fit the training and subsequent ... distribution: . Note that in the absence of labeled training data, two of the random variables and are observed, while the sense variable is not. However, we can derive the possible values for our sense...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... . Class-based models. In many applications, it is nat- ural and convenient to construct class-based language models, that is models based on classes of words (Brown et al., 1992). Such models are ... Representation of -gram Language Models with WFAs Standard smoothed -gram models, including backoff (Katz, 1987) and interpolated (Jelinek and Mercer, 1980) models, admit a natural representation ... experi- mental results demonstrating its efficiency. Representation of language models by WFAs. Clas- sical -gram language models admit a natural representa- tion by WFAs in which each state encodes...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... information on the algorithms, code documentation and mailing list archives. 2 Word Space Models Word space models are based on the contextual distribution in which a word occurs. This ap- proach ... word co-occurrences, but more advanced models may perform a statistical analysis to se- lect only those features that best distinguish word meanings. Other models approximate the full set of features ... dimensionality reduc- Document-Based Models LSA (Landauer and Dumais, 1997) ESA (Gabrilovich and Markovitch, 2007) Vector Space Model (Salton et al., 1975) Co-occurrence Models HAL (Burgess and Lund,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... well as its POS tag. When multiple conditioning variables are used we assume a special linearly interpolated backoff form of the model, similar to models routinely used in lan- guage modeling. As ... estimation. Note how our explicit treatment of word bound- ary variables b i allows us to use a higher order de- pendence on these variables. If word boundaries are treated as morphemes on their ... note that our models select a large number of hyper-parameters on an annotated devel- opment set, including length penalty, hierarchical smoothing parameters α, and the subset of variables to...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... alignment potential, and efficient pruning, ITG models can yield state-of-the art word alignments, even when the underlying gold alignments are highly non- ITG. Our models yielded the lowest published er- ror ... con- firm and extend this result, showing that one-to- one ITG models can perform as well as, or better than, general one-to-one matching models, either using heuristic weights or using rich, learned ... alignments, word alignment models must constrain the set of alignments considered. In this section, we discuss and compare alignment fami- lies used to train our discriminative models. Initially, as...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 01:20

... 10ị was solved to yield the analytic expressions for the variables [ER], [ERC] and [ERO]. These expressions were used to elim- inate the three fast variables from the full system equations, resulting ... external concen- tration of XuBP was fixed to 50 l M, RuBP concentration was con- sidered to be a variable with an initial value 0, CO 2 and oxygen were fixed at 250 l M, and PDBP was set to zero. ... defined combinations thereof. Further, the simplified equation system was used to relate the slow rate variables to the observable quantities describing the fallover effect (i.e. the fallover extent...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... translation models and on their combination with general models in order to achieve a proper balance be- tween precision (specialized in-domain models) and recall (general out-of-domain models) . ... cooperation between ‘EU’ and ‘WNG’ models. ‘EU’ models provides recall, for instance by suggesting translation candidates for ‘bombs’ or ‘price below’. ‘WNG’ models provide preci- sion, for instance ... suggested by Table 2, the weight of language models is concentrated on the ‘WNG’ language model (λ lmW NG = 0.95). 4.4 Combining Sources: Translation Models In this section we study the possibility...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

... of muscles for the case of models trained with two channels. It is evi- dent that models trained with five channels are superior to models trained with two. However models trained with eight channels ... of commonly utilized regression models for isometric tor- que estimation and identify their merits and shortcom- ings under circumstances where the accuracy of predictive models has been reported ... channels were used for training models. Cross Session Passages of time as well as electrode displacement adversely affect accuracy of models trained with SEMG [22,25]. Models trained with session...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... linguistic models. In the first experiment, the acoustic models are adapted whereas the linguistic models are kept fixed. In the second experiment, it is the other way round: only the linguistic models ... Ohm A. Again, the pure influence on the language models is given in terms of the perplexity of the language models in Ta b le 8 . Since the language models are trained on more data, the perplexities ... notasmuchasthe ASRperformancewouldsuffer. To adapt the acoustic models to emotional speech, the acoustic models are trained on Ohm M, Ohm E, and Ohm A, respectively. The linguistic models are trained on Ohm N and are the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 12:20

Ngày tải lên: 27/07/2014, 23:16