drugs of abuse in meconium specimens

... the street In the last ten years the rate of which new illegal drugs are seen, have grown in ten fold Every time the DEA has tried to prevent the production of drugs, either by putting chemicals ... propaganda, it has resultet in more initiative from the clandestine chemists For these people it is a sport til beat the system, and most of them not have ethics concerning the health of other people The ... enormous amounts of resources to fight the drug problem I personally belive that drugs should be legalized The mobs way of living would then become extinct and the worlds largest source of crime would...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 17:49

... following a bout of drug-taking Although the studies outlined in this chapter are promising in pointing to a common point of intervention in addiction to various chemical classes of drugs, it is ... fall into this category, including an induction in protein kinase A, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and phospho-cAMP response element binding protein (phospho-CREB) (24) Accordingly, ... IEG-like proteins such as the pentraxin narp are also induced in a number of brain regions by acute administration of cocaine (11) The increase in these proteins is thought to initiate changes...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 01:57

... measurements of inorganic nitrite in blood seem useless for assessment of toxicity of alkyl nitrites The most useful indicator of alkyl nitrite poisoning is methemogloblin concentrations in blood; ... nitrite as a main component b) In the commercial products of an alkyl nitrite, small amounts of corresponding alkyl alcohol, the decomposition product, are contained Since the decomposition of an alkyl ... Therefore, we adopted 200 °C of injection temperature d) As specimens, refreshing drinks are being assumed, but this method is applicable to body fluid specimens e) Since a fluid matrix markedly...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 00:15

... the use of t-BDMS derivatization of EMPA, the final solution containing a large amount of the derivatization reagent has to be injected into GC/MS, resulting in the marked contamination of the ... Principle of Toxicology – Science of Poisons Jiho Inc., Tokyo, pp 131–173 (in Japanese) 16) Tu AT, Inoue N (2001) Overall View of Chemical and Biological Weapons Jiho Inc., Tokyo, pp 79–94 (in ... J et al (1981) Trace Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agents An Approach to the Environmental Monitoring of Nerve Agents Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland, Helsinki, pp 27, 28, 37–39, 59–64,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 00:15

... 60 °C for 20 After cooling, a 1-µL aliquot of it is injected into GC/MS iv Derivatization-2 One of the above dry residues is dissolved in mL of solution of diazomethane in ethyl ether i, left ... spectra of the methyl ester plus TMS and TMS derivatives of ∆9-THC-11-oic acid The Substance Abuse and Mental Service Administration (SAMSA) in USA set the cutoff value of ∆9-THC-11-oic acid in urine ... Cannabinoids and their metabolites GC analysis of cannabinoids in plant specimensa Reagents and their preparation • • • Extraction and purification of cannabinoids [3]: Cannabis sativa L is being...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... increased by various stresses [7] Therefore, the detection of low levels of morphine starting from a large amount of a specimen cannot be a proof of the intake of the drug The level of morphine ... appreciable amounts of morphine (including its conjugates) are reported to be excreted into urine [9] Because of these reasons, it seems reasonable to set a cutoff value of morphine in urine to be 300 ... heroin itself from urine to prove its abuse 6-Acetylmorphine is alternatively being analyzed as an indicator of heroin abuse; however, even with this metabolite, its half-life is only about 40 min,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... hemoglobin into methemoglobin; for such conversion, nitrate should be reduced to nitrite in a human body In the present case, the victim had ingested a preparation including a large amount of nitrate, ... Cyanosis in infants caused by nitrates in well water JAMA 257:2788–2792 12) Fan AM, Steinberg VE (1996) Health implications of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water: an update on methemoglobinemia ... at 3,000 rpm for min, 1- or 4-µL of the upper layer is injected into GC Various known amounts of nitrate and a fixed amount of IS are added to blank specimens and processed in the same way to...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... determination of methemoglobin in blood Clin Chim Acta 30:679–682 5) Katsumata Y, Aoki M, Oya M et al (1980) Simultaneous determination of carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin in victims of carbon ... meperidine 241 mephenytoin 351 mepindolol 373 mepivacaine 383, 387 mesaconine 461 mesaconitine 455, 459 Met-Hb 91, 655 metabolism of drugs 17 metal-plating 113 metallurgy 113 methamphetamine 171, ... carboxyhemoglobin Forensic Sci Int 17:177–184 7) Sato K (1983) A method for determination of methemoglobin in blood containing carboxyhemoglobin Jpn J Legal Med 37:133–144 (in Japanese with an English...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... the discrepancies of results among testing institutions and to secure the accuracy of each analysis The cutoff values [9] of BE in urine for cocaine abuse being established in U.S.A are 300 ng/mL ... cocaine inhalation; the ratio was 10.6 on average for urine sampled 0–8 h after the inhalation The ratios increased according to the increase in time interval between the inhalation and samplings ... amounts of unchanged cocaine, EME and BE excreted into urine are 1–14 %, 12–60 % and 14–55 % of total amount of cocaine administered, respectively [16, 18, 19] Because of the basicity of cocaine,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 01:15

... Pentazocine Pentazocine In two autopsy cases of pentazocine poisoning, its concentrations were 9.2 and 3.3 µg/mL in blood, 43 and 34 µg/g in the liver, and not detectable and 4.5 µg/mL in urine, ... quantitation of both therapeutic and toxic levels of pentazocine in blood The recovery of pentazocine using the Sep-Pak C18 cartridge was close to 100 % for both whole blood and urine [8] In this ... concentrations of pentazocine should be not smaller than for the calibration curve, which is composed of pen- Pentazocine tazocine concentration in the horizontal axis and peak area ratio of pentazocine...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 02:15

... ng/mL in blood and 0.2–7.7 ng/mL in urine [4] References 1) Tu AT (1999) Principle of Toxicology – Science of Poisons – Jiho Inc., Tokyo, pp 108–109 (in Japanese) 2) The Pharmaceutical Society of ... Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis in Poisoning – With Commentary – Nanzando, Tokyo, p 43 and p 151 (in Japanese) 3) Cody JT (2000) Hallucinogens In: Bogusz MJ (ed) Handbook of Analytical Separations, ... nm, the fraction showing strong fluorescence is obtained by TLC or LC, and extracted with chloroform The resulting residue is subjected to analysis by the direct inlet method of EI-MS Analytical...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 01:15

... analyses of MDAs in the forms of tablets and those for GC/MS analysis of MDAs and their main metabolites 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine (HMA) in urine specimens ... increased catecholamine (including serotonin) release and blockade of reuptake resulting in cardiac and central nervous system effects [15] The effects of MDMA vary depending on its doses, frequency ... Enzymatic hydrolysis: To mL of urine is added 0.4 mL of 75 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), containing 2000 Fishman units/mL urine of β-glucuronidaseg The mixture is incubated at 37 °C for h After...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 01:15

... If the remaining volume of dichloromethane containing cyclized GHB is more than 100 µL in the vial, the proportion of dichloromethane gas, being contained in the headspace vapor to be injected ... developed for drugs of abuse Clin Chem 39:1899–1903 10) Kandiko CT, Browning S, Cooper T et al (1990) Detection of low nanogram quantities of phencyclidine extracted from human urine preparation of an ... DE, Leikin JB (1996) The determination of phencyclidine in meconium using ion trap mass spectrometry J Forensic Sci 41:1057–1059 21) Cook CE, Brine DR, Jeffcoat AR et al (1982) Phencyclidine disposition...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 01:15

... Toxicological findings in a fatality involving chlorpromazine Bull Int Assoc Forensic Toxicol 24 (2):27–30 4) Kintz P, Berthault F, Traqui A et al (1995) A fatal case of alimemazine poisoning J Anal ... in 100 µL methanol and a 2- µL of it was injected into GC/MS GC/MS analysis ii Preparation Each drug is dissolved in methanol to prepare mg/mL solutionb Many of the phenothiazine drugs are in ... performed; the initial composition of 70 % A plus 30 % B was linearly changed to the final composition of 10 % A plus 90 % B during 40 min; the flow rate was 50 µL/min MS conditions; instrument:...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... volume of urine or blood, 0.05 mL IS and 0.5 mL of M NaOH are placed in a 15-mL volume glass centrifuge tube with a ground -in stopper and mixed well, followed by addition of mL of the mixture of ... described in the GC/MS analysis section is followed for a urine or blood specimen to obtain a residue containing butyrophenones The residue is dissolved in 0.1 mL of the mobile phase of HPLC or ... diphenhydramine was injected into her intravenously; she recovered days after admission For the male baby, similar treatments, such as intravenous injection of mannitol and diphenhydramine, were...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... antidepressants Compound amitriptyline amoxapine carbamazepine clomipramine desipramine dosulepin imipramine lofepramine maprotiline mianserin nortriptyline setiptiline trimipramine** Therapeutic level* ... HPLC-UV A: carbamazepine, B: desipramine, C: maprotiline, D: nortriptyline, E: amoxapine, F: setiptiline, G: mianserin, H: imipramine, I: amitriptyline, J: trimipramine, K: clomipramine not be separated ... A: amitriptyline, B: mianserin, C: nortriptyline, D: imipramine, E: desipramine, F: promethazine (IS), G: setiptiline, H: carbamazepine, I: maprotiline, J: clomipramine, K: amoxapine HPLC analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... 1-mL volume of plasma is mixed with mL of solution A in a 4.5-mL volume glass vial; 20 µL of it is injected into LC/MSj ii Urine specimen A 1-mL volume of urine is mixed with 50 µL of M sodium ... of unchanged benzodiazepines To detect benzodiazepine metabolites from urine specimens, it is necessary to hydrolyze the glucuronate conjugates of the drugs using β-glucuronidase; the resulting ... the peak of tofisopam showed tailing The separation of other drugs was relatively good The retention times, molecular weights and principal mass spectral ions of benzodiazepines are shown in > Table...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... that interfering impurity peaks appear in trace analysis of drugs As a column for the Extrelut packing, a glass syringe can be used tert-Butyl methyl ether has a boiling point higher than that of ... 5.1) contained in Wutt appears at 5.07 under the present HPLC conditions and thus can be an indicator of ingestion of Wutt In some analgesic-antipyretics, bromisovalum is also contained together ... stomach contents consisted of 14 g of white clayey substance and about 350 mL of aqueous solution About 350 mL urine was present in her urinary bladder Analytical results: g of bromisovalum was detected...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... dead in her room; she had committed suicide by injecting an alate needle into a vein of the right dorsum pedis for drop infusion of thiopental (its amount infused not clear) The concentration of ... Barbiturates ⊡ Figure 6.2 Incidence of fatal barbiturate poisoning cases Since fatal cases due to Vegetamin® tablets containing phenobarbital are many, its incidence rate is also shown in this figure and ... poisoning cases due to a combined drug or multiple drugs including a barbiturate Case [27]: a 40–45 year-old (estimated) female was found dead on a bed of a hotel In her room, tablets of Vegetamin...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... quantitation HPLC analysis of diphenyhydramine in blood and urine [7] Diphenhydramine is one of the most popular drugs in this group, and its poisoning cases are many In this section, one of the most common ... antihistaminics HPLC analysis of chlorpheniramine and its metabolites in blood and urine [8] Chlorpheniramine is one of the most popular antihistaminics, and has been being used for over 50 years In ... authentic diphenylmethane antihistaminics and for extracts of whole blood and urine in the presence and absence of µg each of drugs per mL obtained by the present method using a DB-1 capillary column...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15