drugs and mechanisms in retinal diseases

... sampling until injection to GC, and from the standard solution to a test specimen) In principle, the sampling, extraction and GC analysis should be made at low temperature, in a gastight state and ... mg/mL), and kept airtightly in a refrigerator A 5-µL volume of the above solution is placed using a microsyringe in a glass vial containing mL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), capped airtightly and ... nitrite inhalant in rat and human blood: application for pharmacokinetic investigations J Chromatogr B 734:83–89 11) Kielbasa W, Fung HL (2000) Pharmacokinetics of a model organic nitrite inhalant and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 00:15

... eye mucosa and the skin results in its poisoning In the murder terrorism with VX taking place in Osaka, Japan, 1994, VX was sprayed on the back of the neck of the victim using a syringe (the exposure ... metabolism and decomposition in human bodies The detection limits of DAEMS in serum are about 50 ng/mL in the scan mode and about ng/mL in the SIM mode > Figure 2.3 shows a TIC, mass chromatograms and ... resulting acetonitrile layer is transferred to another test tube To the remaining aqueous phase, mL acetonitrile is again added, shaken and centrifuged The acetonitrile layers obtained are combined,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 00:15

... using benzene/n-hexane/diethylamine (25:10:1, v/v) as eluting solvent for getting each cannabinoid standard ∆9-THC, CBD and CBN are separately dissolved in ethanol to prepare 0.05–0.5 mg/mL standard ... factory worker was killed by being caught in a machine during working with it The concentrations of ∆9-THC-11-oic acid measured by GC/MS were 78 and 12 ng/mL in urine and blood, respectively; 0.7 ... ME, Sadler BM, Brine D et al (1983) Metabolism, disposition, and kinetics of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in men and women Clin Pharmacol Ther 34:352–363 2) Agurell S, Halldin M, Lindgren J-E et...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... Main metabolic pathways of morphine, heroin and codeine The thick and thin arrows show the main and minor metabolic pathways, respectively ⊡ Figure 3.1 196 Morphine and its analogues GC and ... morphine Trends Neurosci 23:436–442 205 206 Morphine and its analogues 8) Matsubara K, Fukushima S, Akane A et al (1992) Increased urinary morphine, codeine and tetrahydropapaveroline in Parkinsonian ... Poppy seed ingestion and opiates urinalysis: a closer look J Anal Toxicol 14:308–310 10) Hasegawa M, Maseda C, Kagawa M et al (1992) Morphine and codeine being contained in poppy seeds and poppy...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... In > Table 5.1, clinical symptoms according to the concentrations of methemoglobin are presented ⊡ Table 5.1 Clinical symptoms appearing according to methemoglobin concentrations Methemoglobin ... Cyanosis in infants caused by nitrates in well water JAMA 257:2788–2792 12) Fan AM, Steinberg VE (1996) Health implications of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water: an update on methemoglobinemia ... containing nitrate salt can be considered However, a form or a product containing nitrate ingested could not be specified in the present poisoning case Notes a) When nitrite is present in blood,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... determination of methemoglobin in blood containing carboxyhemoglobin Forensic Sci Int 17:177–184 7) Sato K (1983) A method for determination of methemoglobin in blood containing carboxyhemoglobin ... Microdetermination of oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin and sulfhemoglobin in a single sample of blood J Biol Chem 126:655–662 2) Leahy T, Smith R (1960) Notes on methemoglobin determination Clin Chem ... is read using cuvette A as reference, and this reading is A1 After allowing cuvette D to stand for 10 min, the absorbance at 630 nm is read using cuvette C as reference, and this reading is A3...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... suggesting a relatively short period between the times of his ingestion and death In addition, the ratios of cocaine to BE in blood and in the brain, and the brain-to-blood ratios of cocaine and ... 10.6 on average for urine sampled 0–8 h after the inhalation The ratios increased according to the increase in time interval between the inhalation and samplings [13–15] In the present case, the ... cocaine in urine was as much as 8.5 % ( > Table 4.1) According to human experiments, the urinary ratio of BE to cocaine was reported to be 5.9 on average for urine sampled 0–1 h after cocaine inhalation;...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 01:15

... two autopsy cases of pentazocine poisoning, its concentrations were 9.2 and 3.3 µg/mL in blood, 43 and 34 µg/g in the liver, and not detectable and 4.5 µg/mL in urine, respectively [12] The blood ... retention times of 3–7 and 7–8 min, respectively The amount of pentazocine and IS spiked into mL of blank whole blood or urine was equally 50 ng ⊡ Figure 5.2 222 Pentazocine Pentazocine In two autopsy ... pentazocine in blood The recovery of pentazocine using the Sep-Pak C18 cartridge was close to 100 % for both whole blood and urine [8] In this method, dextromethorphan is used as IS; the drug is being...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 02:15

... (ed) (1992) Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis in Poisoning – With Commentary – Nanzando, Tokyo, p 43 and p 151 (in Japanese) 3) Cody JT (2000) Hallucinogens In: Bogusz MJ (ed) Handbook of Analytical ... center were 0.5–1.9 ng/mL in blood and 0.2–7.7 ng/mL in urine [4] References 1) Tu AT (1999) Principle of Toxicology – Science of Poisons – Jiho Inc., Tokyo, pp 108–109 (in Japanese) 2) The Pharmaceutical ... to contain LSD, the drug is extracted by adding % tartaric acid aqueous solution and by shaking it for This procedure is repeated six times and the tartarate extract solutions are combined After...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 01:15

... determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine in urine by solid-phase extraction and GC-MS: ... from the Greek and Latin origins; “en”, “gen” and “tactus” mean “within”, “produce” and “touch”, respectively Therefore, the word means “to produce a touching within” [1] b) MDA, MDMA and MDEA are ... catecholamine (including serotonin) release and blockade of reuptake resulting in cardiac and central nervous system effects [15] The effects of MDMA vary depending on its doses, frequency and duration...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 01:15

... Medical 243 244 Phencyclidine Center At admission, he stared straight ahead, following commands but not responding verbally; the levels of serum creatinin kinase and aspartate aminotransferase were ... (GABA), and also a potent inhibitory neurotransmitter [2] GHB has a distinct presynaptic receptor in the brain [3], and is an agonist of GABAB receptors [4–8] GHB was first synthesized in 1960 and ... dichloromethane containing cyclized GHB is more than 100 µL in the vial, the proportion of dichloromethane gas, being contained in the headspace vapor to be injected after heating, becomes too high;...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 01:15

... Poisoning due to psychotropic agents Adverse Drug React Acute Poisoning Rev 4:83–126 3) Geraut A, Kintz P, Traqui A et al (1994) Toxicological findings in a fatality involving chlorpromazine Bull Int ... following LC/MS becomes very useful LC/MS analysis [8] See [8] Reagents and their preparation i Reagents Prochlorperazine, trifluoperazine, perphenazine, fluphenazine, propericiazine and thioridazine ... distinct peaks However, peaks of perazine, prochlorperazine, thiethylperazine and perphenazine were small and also interfered with by impurity peaks; low concentrations of these compounds in human...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... and dyskinesia of the face, appeared Thus, diphenhydramine was injected into her intravenously; she recovered days after admission For the male baby, similar treatments, such as intravenous injection ... obtained Therefore, bromperidol was used as IS for analysis of haloperidol and vice versa This is because both drugs are not simultaneously administered in most cases d) All glasswares, including ... (1995) Simultaneous determination of haloperidol and its neurotoxic metabolite in plasma and brain tissue from schizophrenic patients treated with haloperidol using HPLC and solidphase extraction...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... antidepressants Compound amitriptyline amoxapine carbamazepine clomipramine desipramine dosulepin imipramine lofepramine maprotiline mianserin nortriptyline setiptiline trimipramine** Therapeutic level* ... desipramine, C: maprotiline, D: nortriptyline, E: amoxapine, F: setiptiline, G: mianserin, H: imipramine, I: amitriptyline, J: trimipramine, K: clomipramine not be separated from amoxapine However, ... 1.24 0.66 1.45 0.53 1.00 (15.195 min) (24.237 min) (14.003 min) (38.997 min) (18.687 min) (8.869 min) maprotiline mianserin nortriptyline setiptiline trimipramine 10.5 7.1 9.7 7.8 7.7 0.53 0.80...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... residue is dissolved in 50 µL methanol and a 2-µL aliquot is injected into GC/MSe i Assessment and some comments on the method The recovery rates of the drugs from blood and urine were not less ... benzodiazepine poisoning only are rare; simultaneous ingestion of other hypnotics or alcohol enhance the sedative and respiration-suppressing effects of benzodiazepines, resulting in deaths occasionally ... conventional Narcotics Control Law was changed into the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Law in 1990 in Japan, and benzodiazepines have become included in the drug list to be controlled Therefore,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... five unopened bottles containing the same tablets and a 1.5-L volume plastic bottle containing about a half volume of water were found By dental findings, the remains were found to be a 46-year-old ... possibility that interfering impurity peaks appear in trace analysis of drugs As a column for the Extrelut packing, a glass syringe can be used tert-Butyl methyl ether has a boiling point higher than ... 5.1) contained in Wutt appears at 5.07 under the present HPLC conditions and thus can be an indicator of ingestion of Wutt In some analgesic-antipyretics, bromisovalum is also contained together...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... of a hotel In her room, tablets of Vegetamin (a combined drug containing, phenobarbital, promethazine and Survived and fatal poisoning cases chlorpromazine) and one capsule of Insumin (flurazepam) ... Figure 6.2 Incidence of fatal barbiturate poisoning cases Since fatal cases due to Vegetamin® tablets containing phenobarbital are many, its incidence rate is also shown in this figure and Psychotropics ... promethazine and chlorpromazine were detected Drug concentrations in blood, the liver and kidney were: phenobarbital, 98.0, 106 and 105 µg/g; promethazine, 5.05, 38.2 and 6.92 µg/g; chlorpromazine,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... diphenyhydramine in blood and urine except for terolidine and triprolidine For the latter compounds, relatively intense molecular ions appear to be used for sensitive detection In the positive and negative ... analysis of chlorpheniramine and its metabolites in blood and urine [8] Chlorpheniramine is one of the most popular antihistaminics, and has been being used for over 50 years In this section, HPLC ... authentic diphenylmethane antihistaminics and for extracts of whole blood and urine in the presence and absence of µg each of drugs per mL obtained by the present method using a DB-1 capillary column...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... (2001) Screening procedure for detection of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their methabolites in urine as part of a systematic toxicological analysis procedure for acidic drugs and poisons ... Simultaneous determination of propionic acid analgesic and antipyretic drugs in human blood and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography Jpn J Forensic Toxicol 14:43–51 5) Shinozuka T, Terada ... non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in plasma J Chromatogr 416:293–302 9) Shinozuka T, Nakajima R, Takei S et al (1999) Simultaneous analysis of propionic acid analgesic and antipyretic drugs in human...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... µg/mL, 3.1 min); IS: internal standard (theophylline) (20 µg/mL, 5.1 min) HPLC analysis of APAP and its metabolites in urine HPLC analysis of APAP and its metabolites in urine [4] Reagents and their ... revised edn Jiho Inc., Tokyo, pp 121–126 (in Japanese) 2) Knox JH, Jurand J (1977) Determination of paracetamol and its metabolites in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography using reversed-phase ... determination of acetaminophen in plasma: single-dose pharmacokinetic studies J Chromatogr 226:224–230 4) Wilson JM, Slattery JT, Forte AJ et al (1982) Analysis of acetaminophen metabolites in urine...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15