double emulsions solvent extraction techniques for preparation of microspheres

... USA) The stirring speed of 400 rpm was kept constant throughout the extraction period The extraction was performed at 90 W (extraction solvent: ethanol) and 60 W (extraction solvent: acetone) microwave ... irradiation period of to 3.3.2 Effect of soaking solvent The effect of soaking solvents on curcumin extraction is depicted in Fig When ethanol was used as the soaking and extraction solvent, 1–5 ultra-sonic ... yields of MAE, UAE and SC CO2 E techniques were calculated The MAE of C longa for recovered a maximum of 90.47% curcumin, whereas UAE resulted in 71.42% of curcumin with acetone as the extraction solvent...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 13:23

... mathematical forms of optimal multimedia authentication systems, a description of robust digital signature, the theoretical bound of information hiding capacity of images, an introduction of the Self-Authentication-and-Recovery ... spatial domain techniques, transform domain techniques and feature domain techniques The algorithms of the frequency domain are further subdivided into wavelet, DCT and fractal transform techniques ... spatial domain techniques, transform domain techniques or feature domain techniques The algorithms of the frequency domain were further subdivided into wavelet, DCT and fractal transform techniques...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 11:20

... (Lithography) Galvanoformung (Electroforming) Abforming (Molding) The exact English meaning of LIGA is given in parenthesis This process involves X-ray irradiation, resist development, electroforming and ... which is now being treated as one of older techniques This also uses anisotropic etching of single crystal silicon For example, silicon cantilever beam for atomic force microscope (AFM) Surface ... of nanoquantum mechanical electron devices and their applications Classification of machining Micromachining is the basic technology for fabrication of micro-components of size in the range of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... the spectrum of applications for microfabrication techniques The width and depth of most microfluidic channels fall in the range of 10-1000 µm, and this feature size is thus small for conventional ... other microfabrication processes become more applicable for the manufacture of microfluidics Roll-to-roll stamping, lamination, hot embossing, and injection molding of plastic components offer excellent ... which will prove essential for the rapid development of these applications This chapter will discuss the fundamentals of laser ablation in the microfabrication of microfluidic materials After briefly...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... 56 Micromachining Techniques for Fabrication of Micro and Nano Structures Laser micromachining of plastic laminates for microfluidics nearly always involves through-cutting of each layer CO2 ... method of fabrication offers enormous flexibility in both the design of the microfluidic plumbing as well as the materials which are used to create it One example of a fairly advanced microfluidic ... laser fluences for sapphire, silicon and Pyrex using the 266 nm and 355 nm Nd:YAG lasers extensively applied to the field of microfluidics, principally in the form of through-cutting of plastic laminates...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... Micromachining Techniques for Fabrication of Micro and Nano Structures Fig Depth of tilting micro-trenches as a function of scan cycles (with permission for reproduction from American Institute of Physics ... of trenches laser micromachined at different focus offset planes: (a) small offset of 300 μm; (b) optimal offset of 450 μm; (c) large offset of 600 μm The pulse energy, pulse repetition rate, ... (Figure 12 (c)) Fig 12 Control of laser fluence by focus offset (with permission for reproduction from American Institute of Physics) A number of factors affect the quality of trenches In our study,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... the centre of the profile, I is the intensity at any other point, and r is the radius of the beam taken at a point where the beam axis intensity of its maximum Although this Gaussian profile is ... uniform intensity across the entire profile similar, in principle, to that shown in Figure 2b This is described as a ‘top-hat’ (or ‘flat-top’) profile perhaps due to the ‘flatness’ of the top of ... mode of operation just like a given wavelength implies the fundamental (i.e dominant) wavelength of operation = ( ) Fig Typical laser bean profile (a) Gaussian beam profile, (b) overlapping of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... than for grinding and most of the heat is transferred to and removed with the chips A good approximation for the removal of heat is, that 75% are transferred to 160 Micromachining Techniques for ... parameters were used for fabrication The final product has the channel dimension of 0.1 mm Combination of micro ED milling and molding can be a suitable route for the mass replication of miniaturized ... machining characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V Journal of Materials Processing Technology (87)107–111 Chiang, K (2007) Modeling and analysis of the effects of machining parameters on the performance characteristics...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... edges but consisting of a softer material For steel e g spicular tools made of brass are suitable For microstructures e g made of PMMA or PTFE, wood can be used The disadvantage of this method is ... made of a wide variety of materials We acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Open Access Publishing Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 180 Micromachining Techniques for ... Micromachining Techniques for Fabrication of Micro and Nano Structures Fig 19 Micro gearwheel top of teeth diameter: 800 µm, depth: 300 µm, diameter of column: 160 µm, height of the cone: 140...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... Rodríguez for the preparation of the etching test masks for photolithography, Benito Nepomuceno for the oxidized silicon substrates preparation and Gaspar Casados for the SEM images of the structures ... limit for SiO2 Results are shown in Fig 14 Fig 14 Deformation and stress for Geometry B 196 Micromachining Techniques for Fabrication of Micro and Nano Structures Next, Geometry C showed a deformation ... before, a high etching rate 200 Micromachining Techniques for Fabrication of Micro and Nano Structures 50 minutes: Here it can be seen that a column with {110} facets is formed at the centre of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... The advent of personal computing has led to the development of PC-based “smart” software programs for controlling the operations of most modern AWJ systems and a host of accessories for speeding ... quality of cuts The flexibility of PC programming incorporates the versatility of waterjet technology very well, and the integration of modern PC-based software and hardware takes full advantage of ... characteristics of a waterjet Note that the jet spreads with the distance it travels Therefore, the profile of the jet, the abrasive size distribution, the abrasive flow rate, and the uniformity of abrasive...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... versatility of waterjet technology for low-cost micromanufacturing of components for medical implants/devices and microelectronics, for green energy production systems, and for the post-processing of ... striking area of diameter less than the tool diameter, i.e 200 µm, is of the order of 500 kJ/m2 4.3 Width of microchannels Columns of Table gives post process measured values of the width of the microchannels ... sample preparation etc The use of separate coolants is also not required in performing the micromachining by ECSMM Micromachining needs are forcing reconsideration of electrochemical techniques...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... interesting feature of this process is that the deposition of the micromechanical structures is performed before the gate oxidation 268 Micromachining Techniques for Fabrication of Micro and Nano ... of the wafer, which can be a PECVD layer and etching is performed through the wafer to produce, for example, membranes for pressure sensors, or mass/spring structures for accelerometers One of ... Technology Many of the technologies used in silicon sensors were developed for the IC industry, although the development of micromachining led to a new range of technologies and opportunities for new...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... the method of separation of variables However, in the more general case of three-dimensional form of equation (1) with boundary conditions (i) to (iv), the versatile numerical methods of finite ... shots for later analysis For dc operation mode, a stable current source was used, and both the input voltage and current were monitored for accurate determination of input power For RF mode of operation, ... nature of MEMS calls for consideration of many interacting physical phenomena, thus leading to involvement of many types of equations that are coupled weakly or strongly depending on the type of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... vacuum at 80 °C for h Loading of SnO2 on the Surface of Hollow Carbon Nanospheres The loading of SnO2 on the surface of hollow carbon nanospheres was performed referring to coating of SnO2 nanoparticles ... energies of intermolecular collisions and of intramolecular collisions were not high enough to carbonize, leading to the failure of formation of carbon nanospheres Compared with the carbonization of ... carbonization of alginate needed higher temperature than for carbonization of glucose Then nucleation of alginate took place when critical supersaturation of alginate was got to Finally, the growth of nucleus...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... (Lithography) Galvanoformung (Electroforming) Abforming (Molding) The exact English meaning of LIGA is given in parenthesis This process involves X-ray irradiation, resist development, electroforming and ... the spectrum of applications for microfabrication techniques The width and depth of most microfluidic channels fall in the range of 10-1000 µm, and this feature size is thus small for conventional ... in Fig.7 S stands for superconductor, S’ for a superconductor above Tc, N for normal metal, Se for semiconductor, and I for an insulator Fig The schematics of different types of superconducting...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 01:20

... treatment of the semi-suspensions as well as before and after drying of the cured pastes and after vacuum treatment as well as for the cured paste before and after drying Curing of the plates was performed ... prepared paste were taken for XRD determination of its phase composition and SEM examination of the crystal morphology These pastes were then used for the preparation of plates and batteries (12 ... algorithm presented in Table The end -of- life criterion was when the battery reached an end -of- discharge voltage of 9.0 V for h of discharge at 50% DOD Table Quantity of water added to or removed from...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 21:20

... this article as: Ferrigno et al.: Comparison of conformal and intensity modulated radiation therapy techniques for treatment of pelvic tumors Analysis of acute toxicity Radiation Oncology 2010 5:117 ... the lower incidence of medication for diarrhea (grade 2) among patients treated with IMRT Diarrhea is a very uncomfortable symptom and can cause dehydration and malabsorption of vitamins, lactose, ... symptoms to patients under RT treatment is a considerable advantage for IMRT Because use of CT is now well established for treatment of some pelvic tumors sites, such as the rectum, cervix, anal canal...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... compositions, methods of making thereof, and methods of using thereof An illustrative embodiment of the invention relates to the oxidation of polyethylene glycol derivatives having the formula: ##STR1## ... as specified by the general formula above Finally, another illustrative embodiment of the invention relates to methods of preparation of amino-PEG derivatives of the formula: ##STR8## wherein R.sub.1 ... more terminal aldehyde groups and the use of these derivatives as reagents for modifying peptides or proteins and for the preparation of other types of functionalized polyethylene glycols In...

Ngày tải lên: 23/08/2015, 17:41

... Electropherogram of Environmental Water by FASS-CE-CCD……… ….………… ………………………… ……… 178 XXIV List of Symbols List of Symbols α normalized length of a plug σ total spatial variance of the concentration profile for ... effects of pollutants at biological level XVI List of Tables List of Tables Table 1.1 Methods to Control EOF…………………… …… Table 1.2 Different Modes of Capillary Electrophoresis…… Table 1.3 LODs of ... 5.2 Performance of CE-CCD 174 Table 5.3 Performance of FASS-CE-CCD 177 Table 5.4 Determination of Pollutants in Environmental Water 180 XVIII List of Figures List of Figures Figure...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 11:40