... The diagram below shows the average hours of unpaid work per week doneby people in different categories. (Unpaid work refers to such activities as childcare in the...
... a list of itssentences. We run an edit-distance comparison be-tween each such pair, treating each sentence as anatomic “letter”. We look for all replacements of one sentence by another and ... the task of sentence compression – dropping words from an in-dividual sentence while retaining its important in-formation, and without sacrificing its grammatical-ity. Compressed sentences can ... sparsity issue by showing thatabundant sentence compressions can be extractedfrom Wikipedia’s revision history. Second, we usethis data to validate the channel model approachfor text compression, ...
... corpus,which contains long sentences and correspondingshort sentences compressed by humans. Note thateach compressed sentence is a subsequence of thecorresponding original sentence. They first parseboth ... experimented with/without goal sentence length for summaries.In the first experiment, the system was givenonly a sentence and no sentence length informa-tion. The sentencecompression problem withoutthe ... compressed each input sentence to thelength of the sentence in its goal summary. This sentence compression problem is easier than thatin which the system can generate sentences of anylength....
... For each sentence, we stilluse the best compression as the gold standard, butwe realign the pair of the source sentence and thecompressed sentence, instead of using the labelsprovided by annotators. ... different compression meth-ods on a meeting summarization task, but did notevaluate sentencecompression itself.We propose to use a two-step approach in this pa-per for sentencecompression ... abstrac-tive meeting summaries: can it be doneby sentence compression? In Proceedings of the ACL-IJCNLP.Fei Liu and Yang Liu. 2010. Using spoken utterance compression for meeting summarization:...
... algorithms. Weconclude by giving examples of compression pat-terns learned by the Bayesian method.2 Sentencecompression Sentence compression is the task of summarizing a sentence while retaining ... example sentence and its extractive compression. where the underlined words were deleted. In su-pervised sentence compression, the goal is to gen-eralize from a parallel training corpus of sentences(source) ... extractive sentence compression, which we fo-cus on in this paper, an order-preserving subset ofthe words in the sentence are selected to form thesummary, that is, we summarize by deleting...
... reproducingreference compressions. Moreover, on-demand sentence compression is made problematic by thetime spent in the parsing stage.This paper proposes a syntax-free sequence-oriented sentencecompression ... were fivedifferent ideal compressions (reference compres-sions produced by human) for each sentence; allhad a 0.6 compression rate. The average length ofthe input sentences was about 42 words ... significantwhen on-demand sentencecompression is needed.6 Related workConventional sentencecompression methods em-ploy the tree trimming approach to compress a sentence without changing...
... 4 If a word is in the sentence itmust be followed by two words or followed by oneword and then the end of the sentence or it must bepreceded by one word and end the sentence. yi−n−1∑j=i+1n∑k= ... modelof sentencecompression that does not rely on aparallel corpus – all that is required is a corpusof uncompressed sentences and a parser. Given along sentence, our task is to form a compression by ... following section we provide an overviewof previous approaches to sentence compression. In Section 3 we motivate the treatment of sentence compression as an optimisation problem and for-mulate our...
... in the sentencecompression model, the shortstring is the original sentence and someone addsnoise, resulting in the longer sentence. Using thisframework, the end goal is, given a long sentence l, ... by eliminatingthe need for coherency between sentences. Themodel is further simplified by being constrainedto word deletion: no rearranging of words takesplace. Others have performed the sentence ... (compressed) sentence is simply its prob-ability as a sentence. This will be, in general, false.One would hope that real compressed sentences aremore probable as a member of the set of compressedsentences...
... OVERVIEW.I/REWRITE SENTENCES:1. The villagers, though few in number, were incredibly friendly (LACKED)-> What ... when she was left out of the English club(EXCEPTION)II/COMPLETE PHRASAL VERBS:COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE USING THE SUITABLE VERB FORM WITH A PREPOSITION TO MAKE EXPRESSIONS OF PHRASAL VERBS ... note yesterday but I can't what he had written7) Many small shops have been of the market by major supermarkets8) We didn't have a map, so we the hills hoping to find somewhere to...
... TEST 6.V. Write a new sentence using the word given.1. He is becoming quite famous as an interviewer. NAME……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ... people are the real beneficiaries”.(MATTER)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original one using the words in CAPITAL LETTERS...
... Sentences that are too complex arehard to understand, so are sentences lacking seman-tic cohesion and cross -sentence coherence. Furthermore, bad sentence boundary decisions may evenmake sentences ... optimization,we can avoid generating dangling sentences by making more balanced sentence boundary de-cisions. In contrast, the baseline approacheshave dangling sentence problem when the in-put proposition ... boundaries by op-timizing the solutions using all the instances in thecorpus. By taking a sentence s lexical and syntac-tic realizability into consideration, it can also avoid sentence realization...
... Garden-Path Sentences Grammatical sentences such as The horse raced pamt the barn fell. seem actually to receive no parse by the native speaker until some sort of "conscioun parsing" is done. ... that rack" sentences of Section 2. Both sentences are similar in form and will thus have a similar configuration when the reduce-reduce conflict arises. For example, the first sentence will ... grammars used by our parser can be ambiguous. 2. The Phenomena to be Modeled The parsing system was designed to manifest preferences among ,~tructurally distinct parses of ambiguous sentences....
... target sentences are encountered, and represented by speaker and hearer in some kind of model of the discourse. There is a sense in which all of these examples are unnatural because each sentence ... Constraints on Sentence Comprehension. PhD Thesis. University of Connecticut. Crain, S. & Steedman, M.J. 1982. On not being led up the garden path: the use of context by the psychological ... can explain parsing preferences when a target sentence is embedded in a discourse, can it also account for the preferences exhibited in isolated sentences (the "null context" cf. the...
... sentence such as wordlength and sentence length, and ignore grammatical-ity or the semantic adequacy of the content of theoutput sentence, which BLEU is aimed to implic-itly approximate by ... From this sub-set we randomly pick 20 source sentences, result-ing in 20 clusters of one source sentence and 5 sim-plified sentences, as generated by humans (SimpleWikipedia) and the four systems.1019Proceedings ... Introduction Sentence simplification can be defined as the processof producing a simplified version of a sentence by changing some of the lexical material and grammat-ical structure of that sentence, ...