diversity of gene defects in the pathogenesis of mpn

... 6) for the remaining introns Finally, the 3¢ UTRs of the guinea pig CYP11B genes show only 42% similarity whereas the 3¢UTR of the guinea pig CYP11B2 gene shares up to 72% identity with the corresponding ... function of the hormonal system We first cloned the genes of the CYP11B family of the guinea pig The 11bhydroxylase of the guinea pig showed higher substrate specificity than the aldosterone synthase In ... position 366 while all other proteins of the CYP11B family including CYP11B2 of the guinea pig have a basic residue (arginine or lysine, respectively) at the corresponding position These two basic residues...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... the AB strain of zebrafish (see http://zfin.org for strain details) The zebrafish fabp6 gene The coding sequence of the fabp6 gene contained an open reading frame of 393 bp (not including the stop ... bile acid-binding protein and gastrotropin, reflecting the speculations of authors on its intracellular function(s) In vitro binding assays revealed a surprisingly low affinity of recombinantderived ... on the tissue distribution and binding activities of FABPs and regulation of FABP genes, including FABP gene knock-out experiments [8], our understanding of the physiological function(s) of these...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 06:20

... increment in the protein level of GM-CSF-induced MLN51 (Fig 2E) These data indicate that GM-CSF not only induces the expression of MLN51, but also blocks the proteasome-mediated degradation of ... GM-CSF is involved in the proliferation of primary RA FLSs [7] In the present study, we investigated cell proliferation and MLN51 expression using an RA FLS cell line, MH7A, in the presence of GM-CSF ... blocking of the proteasome degradation pathway GM-CSF-induced MLN51 is involved in the hyperproliferation and anti-apoptosis of MH7A cells via the upregulation of FLIP Next, we investigated the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

... molecules The first is the establishment of the relevance of the genetic basis of carcinogenesis Second is the determination of the specific oncogene to target Third is the determination of the specific ... bypass intracellular processing to provide gene delivery to the nucleus In the context of gene therapy, the delivery of therapeutic genes by liposomes can also result in the inhibition of angiogenesis ... cytotoxicity, genetic vaccination, and the molecular correction of the genetic alterations of carcinogenesis The latter include the inactivation of oncogene expression and the gene replacement...

Ngày tải lên: 10/04/2014, 22:11

... which the expression profile of each sample of interest is adjusted: this approach enables the investigator to compare the expression profile of the samples of interest with each other in terms of ... associated with Survivin levels indicates the increase in risk of death for 100 fold increase in Survivin expression (Table 3) Since only these four independent variables were retained by the Cox model, ... Our findings are of particular relevance also from the tumor biology viewpoint because the Survivin gene encodes a key anti-apoptotic protein belonging to the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP)...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... not enhance the osteoclastogenesis of OPCs Therefore, the role of VEGF in osteoclastogenesis in GCTs in vivo should be further investigated To assess the pathological significance of the VEGFFlt-1-FAK ... expression and the clinical stage of GCTs at presentation To determine the status of pY-Flt-1 and pY-FAK in GCT samples, the staining intensity of each specimen was scored as follows: (weak staining; less ... VEGF activates the VEGF-Flt-1-FAK pathway The activation of this signaling pathway might be involved in the migration of these cells into the lesion at the site of bone destruction in GCTs We recently...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... not enhance the osteoclastogenesis of OPCs Therefore, the role of VEGF in osteoclastogenesis in GCTs in vivo should be further investigated To assess the pathological significance of the VEGFFlt-1-FAK ... expression and the clinical stage of GCTs at presentation To determine the status of pY-Flt-1 and pY-FAK in GCT samples, the staining intensity of each specimen was scored as follows: (weak staining; less ... VEGF activates the VEGF-Flt-1-FAK pathway The activation of this signaling pathway might be involved in the migration of these cells into the lesion at the site of bone destruction in GCTs We recently...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... mammalian Sin3 co-repressor protein [10,11] The effectiveness of the Sin3 binding domain of Mad in silencing gene expression when fused to DNA binding proteins has been demonstrated in two studies ... POF suggesting that the expression of FoxL2 is critical in the developing eyelid as well as in the maintenance of ovarian function Foxl2 has also been implicated in the process of sex determination ... of their comprehensive listing with our study’s list of genes resulted in finding a total of 42 genes common to both (Additional file 10) In order to begin to understand the significance of the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... the unmasking of pre-existing connections rather than on anatomical “sprouting” They anaesthetized the middle finger of flying foxes and found that within 20 minutes the cortical neurons in the ... ± 0.02 cm2 in the UA, 0.18 ± 0.04 cm2 in the TA, and 0.05 ± 0.01 cm2 in the SA The CSAs in the controls were 0.08 ± 0.02 cm2 in the MA, 0.07 ± 0.02 cm2 in the MB, 0.04 ± 0.01 cm2 in the UA, 0.10 ... seated on the examination table with their arms on a pillow and fingers semi-extended during examination of the median or ulnar nerves, and in the prone position during examination of the tibial...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 05:20

... of current therapies In this study we provide the first gene array profiling of an estrogen responsive breast cancer cell line demonstrating that the combination of iodine and iodide alters gene ... 2-methoxyestradiol, decreasing 3, 4-estradiol quinone or indirectly via the inactivation of E2 The importance of the CYP1A1/CYP1B1 ratio in- vivo is evident in the increased presence of 4-OH-E2 in breast cancer ... the body of evidence builds, the importance of iodine on the maintenance of healthy breast tissue and its role in carcinogenesis becomes clearer Unveiling iodine’s mechanism of action is of crucial...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 17:20

... the pathogenesis of EoE by enhancing activation of eosinophils through synergy with eotaxin via the ERK signaling pathway The data may be used in the possible diagnosis and prognosis of EoE In ... together with eotaxin, FGF enhances activation of eosinophils in EoE specifically Page of The increased global expression of bFGF led to the investigation of the local expression bFGF of the esophageal ... this increase is also reflected systemically In addition, the extent of increase in FGF and ERK pathways was closely associated with the severity of the disease and endoscopic findings in the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 21:20

... HIF-1α-independent pathways, for instance HIF-2α and HIF-3α However, the role played by other members of the HIF family in the pathogenesis of SSc has not yet been investigated in detail Insufficient ... part of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex Interaction of prolinehydroxylated HIF-1α with pVHL/E3 ubiquitin ligase complex activates the ubiquitination machinery, thereby promoting degradation of ... HIF-1α is not ubiquitinated Thus, degradation of HIF-1α in the proteasome is inhibited and HIF-1α protein accumulates Binding of HIF-1 to HIF binding sites, formation of the transcriptional complex...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... protein; matrilin-1) Matrilin-3 CILP (cartilage intermediate layer protein) Fibronectin PRELP (proline/arginine-rich and leucine-rich repeat protein) Chondroadherin Fibrillin Tenascin-C Elastin MGP (matrix ... [23], linkage analysis of 14 candidate genes in OA kindreds resulted in the exclusion of 10 important cartilage genes, including COL2A1 [40] Analysis of 47 families with the phenotype of earlyonset ... epiphyseal dysplasia of several joints during childhood, and OA of the knees in adulthood A complex splicing defect of exon and/or exon 10 in the COL9A1 gene has been identified in other families [59]...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... arthritis dylarginine deiminase of involvement of hyaluronic of rheumatoid Proposed mechanism (PADI4) in the pathogenesis acid (HA) and peptidylarginine deiminase (PADI4) in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid ... to the heparin-binding region of antithrombin However, such binding did not stimulate the activity of antithrombin as did heparin and heparan; in fact, it blocked the ability of antithrombin ... on the interleukin-1 induced synthesis of both nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in chondrocytes How Ca2+ and Fe3+ are involved in inhibiting antithrombin by HA is also poorly understood Some investigators...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... passages in vitro before being exposed to the immunoglobulins Consequently, the data suggest that the local stromal environment in the joint (and based on previous data from the group other organs ... determines the disease specific immune response Given the variety of signaling pathways initiated by IGF-1 in fibroblasts, it may be speculated, as the authors mention briefly, that binding of antibodies ... trigger the release of IL-16 in RASFs, the present research from Smith and Cruikshank extends the panel of signals involved in the regulation of IL-16 at least under pathologic conditions Although the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... was observed in the matrix of the IVDs or in blood vessels, with the exception of immunopositivity for ICE, which showed some staining in the matrix and blood vessels of the most degenerate discs ... observed on the other cell types (Fig 6d) Discussion In this study, we investigated whether in IVD degeneration there is local production of the cytokine IL-1 and whether IL-1 could induce the cellular ... MMP-13 protein is present in significant amounts in IVDs, with the highest immunopositivity in the NP of degenerate discs [6], an area of the IVD containing the highest concentration of collagen...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... suggesting a more general mechanism of these receptors in inflammatory diseases Maintaining autoantibody titers through FcRn-mediated recycling One of the most striking characteristics of the K/B ... an integral component in the pathogenesis of CIA Genetic deletion of C5, C3 or factor B in DBA/1 mice resulted in each case in mice being highly resistant to CIA induction [23,24] despite the ... through the regulation of FcRs much like the instructive role of the innate immune system for the adaptive response [56] The production of autoantibodies as a result of the failure of the immune...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:23

... correlation between the levels of expression of HIF-1α and degeneration of articular cartilage in patients with OA To clarify the role of HIF-1α in the pathogenesis of OA, we investigated whether or not ... safranin-O staining in the degenerated region and intact region of articular cartilage from OA patients The levels of HIF-1α mRNA in all seven donor articular cartilage samples were higher in the ... maintain chondrocyte viability in the face of catabolic changes in articular cartilage Many molecular aspects of HIF-1 signaling should be also studied to further clarify the role of HIF-1 in the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:23

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... extravasate into the extracellular space Once in the vicinity of the synovium, the DPPIV activity would be able to initiate amino-terminal degradation of the increased levels of proinflammatory ... levels in SF may represent an increase in the presence of attractin Certainly, analysis of serum reveals an increase in attractin in RA patients with erosive disease, which is not observed in individuals ... presence of systemic activated T cells will lead to their continuous influx into the inflamed synovium, maintaining the inflammatory state This will lead to a continuous activation of synovial...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20