disorders of platelets and coagulation
Chapter 109. Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall (Part 1) docx
... enlarges. Platelets are physiologically very Chapter 109. Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 109. Disorders of Platelets and Vessel ... level of TPO, which then stimulates platelet production. Platelets circulate with an average life span of 7–10 days. Approximately one-third of the platelets reside in the spleen, and this ... Platelets and Vessel Wall Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall: Introduction Hemostasis is a dynamic process in which the platelet and the blood vessel wall play key roles. Platelets become activated...
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Chapter 109. Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall (Part 2) ppsx
... dominant macrothrombocytopenia. D. Schistocytes and decreased platelets in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Chapter 109. Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall (Part 2) Thrombocytopenia ... from one or more of three processes: (1) decreased bone marrow production; (2) sequestration, usually in an enlarged spleen; and/ or (3) increased platelet destruction. Disorders of production ... tubes (purple top, often) used to collect blood for complete blood counts (CBCs). If a low platelet count is obtained in EDTA-anticoagulated blood, a blood smear can be evaluated and a platelet...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 1) pps
... Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 61. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes: Introduction ... recruitment, and inflammation. The four cardinal signs of inflammation (rubor, tumor, calor, dolor) are indicated, as are the interactions of neutrophils with other cells and Chapter 061. Disorders of ... Three-fourths of the nucleated cells of bone marrow are committed to the production of leukocytes. Leukocyte maturation in the marrow is under the regulatory control of a number of different...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 2) docx
... in the center of the field is a band form. Döhle bodies are discrete, blue-staining nongranular areas found in the periphery of the cytoplasm of the neutrophil in infections and other toxic ... process. Identifying cellular characteristics and specific cell-surface markers are listed for each maturational stage. Figure 61-3 Neutrophil band with Döhle body. The neutrophil with ... Stages of neutrophil development shown schematically. G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) and GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 3) pps
... state and is composed of those cells that are in the blood Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 3) Pelger-Hüet anomaly. In this benign disorder, the majority of granulocytes ... can be seen during infection and are fragments of ribosome-rich endoplasmic reticulum. Large neutrophil vacuoles are often present in acute bacterial infection and probably represent pinocytosed ... marrow and deliver them to the blood in an unstimulated state. Under normal conditions, ~90% of the neutrophil pool is in the bone marrow, 2–3% in the circulation, and the remainder...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 4) pps
... chlorine. These products oxidize and halogenate microorganisms and tumor cells and, when uncontrolled, can damage host tissue. Strongly cationic proteins, defensins, and probably nitric oxide also ... monocyte accumulation occurs within 6–12 h of initiation of inflammation. Neutrophils, monocytes, microorganisms in various states of digestion, and altered local tissue cells make up the ... activity (chemokinesis), and migrate directionally (chemotaxis) into tissues. The process of migration into tissues is called diapedesis and involves the crawling of neutrophils between postcapillary...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 5) potx
... few days of life. Skin, ear, upper and lower respiratory tract, and bone infections are common. Sepsis and meningitis are rare. In some disorders the frequency of infection is variable, and patients ... often depressed, and the clinical result is often recurrent with severe bacterial and fungal infections. Aphthous ulcers of mucous membranes (gray ulcers without pus) and gingivitis and periodontal ... Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 5) Neutrophil Abnormalities A defect in the neutrophil life cycle can lead to dysfunction and compromised host defenses. Inflammation is often...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 6) doc
... infection and other forms of acute inflammation and results from both release of the marginated pool and mobilization of marrow reserves. Persistent neutrophilia with cell counts of 30,00050,000/àL ... Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 6) Hereditary Neutropenias Hereditary neutropenias are rare and may manifest in early childhood as a profound constant neutropenia ... chronic inflammation and certain myeloproliferative diseases. Increased marrow release and mobilization of the marginated leukocyte pool are induced by glucocorticoids. Release of epinephrine, as...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 7) pot
... Impaired Reduced features of the important inherited disorders of phagocyte function are shown in Table 61-4. Table 61-3 Types of Granulocyte and Monocyte Disorders Cause of Indicated Dysfunction ... Inherited and acquired abnormalities of phagocyte function are listed in Table 61-3. The resulting diseases are best considered in terms of the functional defects of adherence, chemotaxis, and microbicidal ... Autosomal Recessive) Severe infections of skin, ears, lungs, liver, and No respiratory burst due to the lack of NBT or DHR test; no superoxide and H2O2 resistant to mycobacteria;...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 8) pot
... Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 8) Disorders of Adhesion Two main types of leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) have been described, LAD 1 and LAD 2. Both ... marrow transplantation. CHS neutrophils and monocytes have impaired chemotaxis and abnormal rates of microbial killing due to slow rates of fusion of the lysosomal granules with phagosomes. ... binding protein-ε, a regulator of expression of granule components. expression of leukocyte integrins on neutrophils or activated T and B cells. Neutrophils (and monocytes) from patients with...
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Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 9) Chronic Granulomatous Disease Chronic pot
... Chapter 061. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes (Part 9) Chronic Granulomatous Disease Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a group of disorders of granulocyte and monocyte oxidative ... they often have extensive inflammatory reactions, and lymph node suppuration is common despite the administration of appropriate antibiotics. Aphthous ulcers and chronic inflammation of the ... marrow, and activating lymphocytes and neutrophils. TNF-α is a pyrogen that duplicates many of the actions of IL-1 and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gram-negative shock (Chap....
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