disorders head and orofacial pain cervical spine considerations

... ocular, and auricular pain Pulpaf pain Viscera! pain Visceral mucosal pain Physical pain Periodontal pain Connectivetissue pain Mucogingival pain Ostealgia m6 periosteal pain Cutaneous pain jyjpaln ... Fibrosis and Bony Ankylosis Tumors in the Temporomandibular Joint Region Joint Disorders Articular Surfaces Joint Disorders Articular Disk Joint Disorders Bilaminar Zone and Joint Capsule Joint Disorders Ligaments ... diagnosis of head and neck pains A pain classification scheme modified from those of Bell (1990) and Okeson (1995) The colors of the backgrounds of the different diagnoses indicate which disorders...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 11:20

... techniques and was tested on speech of patients with different but significant extents of speech disorder (dysglossia) and voice disorder (dysphonia) after the treatment for head and neck cancer Speech Disorders ... Figures and 4) Discussion During and after therapy of malignant diseases of the head and neck, communication skills are of special interest Until now, no objective method with low effort and costs ... former clinical standard procedure According to common recommendations for diagnostics of voice and speech disorders [5], the voice and speech function can now be objectified and quantified The...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... negative and positive feedback loops involving the ovarian steroids (estradiol and progesterone) and peptides (inhibin B and inhibin A) and the hypothalamic [gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)] and ... presence of breast development and cyclic pelvic pain; or within years of breast development if menarche has not occurred Secondary Amenorrhea or Oligoamenorrhea Anovulation and irregular cycles are ... on understanding the interrelationships between the four critical components of the reproductive tract: (1) the hypothalamus, (2) the pituitary, (3) the ovaries, and (4) the uterus and outflow...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... karyotype, but because of the lack of androgen receptor responsiveness, they have severe underandrogenization and female external genitalia The absence of pubic and axillary hair distinguishes them ... endometrium, resulting in menses and, in combination with the inhibins, provides feedback regulation of the hypothalamus and pituitary to control secretion of FSH and LH The prevalence of amenorrhea ... and outflow tract) varies depending on whether amenorrhea is primary or secondary PCOS, polycystic ovarian syndrome Disorders of menstrual function can be thought of in two main categories: disorders...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... examination, and the demonstration of low levels of gonadotropins and normal prolactin levels Eating disorders and chronic disease must be specifically excluded (Chap 76) An atypical history, headache, ... in other disorders, such as mutations in the FSH or LH receptors Aromatase deficiency and 17α-hydroxylase deficiency are associated with elevated gonadotropins with hyperandrogenism and hypertension, ... chromosomal abnormalities including Turner syndrome, autoimmune polyglandular failure syndromes, radioand chemotherapy, and galactosemia In the majority of cases, however, a cause is not determined...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... the pain is acute versus chronic and cyclic versus noncyclic will direct further investigation (Table 51-1) However, disorders that cause cyclic pain may occasionally cause noncyclic pain, and ... viscera, vascular disturbances, and pain originating in the abdominal wall Pelvic pain may reflect pelvic disease per se but may also reflect extrapelvic disorders that refer pain to the pelvis In up ... tract and musculoskeletal disorders are also common causes of pelvic pain Approach to the Patient: Pelvic Pain A thorough history including the type, location, radiation, and status with respect...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium Cervical stenosis may result from trauma, infection, or surgery Dysmenorrhea: Treatment Local application of heat; use of vitamins B1, B6, and E and ... stimulation and cause dysmenorrhea, which generally precedes menstruation by several days Endometriosis may also be associated with painful intercourse, painful bowel movements, and tender nodules ... begins with the onset of menstrual bleeding and gradually decreases over the next 12–72 h It may be associated with nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, and headache and occurs in 60–93% of adolescents, beginning...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... high-dose-rate brachytherapy combined with cervical dissection on head and neck cancer Head Neck 2005, 27(12):1035-41 Mazeron JJ, Noel G, Simon JM: Head and neck brachytherapy Semin Radiat Oncol ... LRFS and OS at and years was margin status, p = 0.0007 and p = 0.0002, respectively Figure Doses at skin were measured and where in the range of 32–60% Four patients (19.4%) experienced acute and ... shortening the overall treatment time and conformability of the procedure Patients and methods All patients admitted for treatment at the Radiation Oncology and Head and Neck Surgery Departments, Hospital...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21

... project: evaluation of cervical spine clearance, collar selection, and skin care J Trauma Nurs 1997, 4:60-67 79 Krock N: Immobilizing the cervical spine using a collar Complications and nursing management ... described the effect of lowering the head of the bed when the head elevated ICP is under 20 mmHg In the studies by Ng and colleagues [40] and Winkelman [41], head lowering did not increase ICP ... that limits physiologic monitoring and visualization Brain injury severity: assessment of risks associated with cervical collar use and MRI The cervical collar and CS MRI create potential risks...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... What is pain and how we classify orofacial pain? In: Lund JP, Lavigne GJ, Dubner R, Sessle BJ (eds) Orofacial pain : from basic science to clinical management ; the transfer of knowledge in pain ... Peripheral mechanisms of orofacial pain In: Lund JP, Lavigne GJ, Dubner R (eds) Orofacial pain : from basic science to clinical management ; the transfer of knowledge in pain research to education ... subfamily (Types IIA and V) and type X secretory phospholipase A(2)s in regulating arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin generation Implications of cyclooxygenase-2 induction and phospholipid...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:30

... cerebellum, brainstem and cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal segments using real-time RT-PCR sPLA2-IB expression was low throughout the CNS, sPLA2-IIA expression was high in the brainstem and spinal cord, ... brainstem and spinal cord suggesting that this could be the most relevant isoform in the ascending pain pathway Western blots showed bands at 14 kDa of sPLA2-IIA in homogenates from brainstem and spinal ... cord and a second band at approximately 30 kDa in the spinal cord The second band could be due to dimerization of sPLA2-IIA The expression of sPLA2-IIA in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and dorsal...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:31

... 2.1 Orofacial pain The American Academy of Orofacial Pain and International Headache Society diagnostic classification include all head, face, and neck conditions could be associated to orofacial ... refer pain to the region or that phenomenon as orofacial pain (McNeill and Dubner 2001) Orofacial pain is one of the most widespread pains experienced by an individual and is different from the pain ... Nociception and nociceptors………………….……… …… … ….33 2.3 Pain models……………………………………….……… …34 2.4 Pain pathways………………………………………………… …….36 PLA2 and inflammatory pain …………………………….……………… ……39 3.1 PLA2 and receptors………………………….………………………...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:32

... 2009) and their require mM range of Ca2+ for their activities (Six and Dennis 2000; Valentin and Lambeau 2000; Farooqui and Horrocks 2004) These isozymes include sPLA2-IB, IIA, IIC, V and X and ... ketamine and xylazine cocktail and killed by decapitation Adequate measures were taken to minimize pain and discomfort, and procedures involving rats were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and ... thalamus/hypothalamus, cerebellum, brainstem and cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal segments were quickly removed and immersed in RNAlater (Ambion, TX,USA), snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and kept at -80 oC till...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:34

... types of pain depending on the source of pain and nature of the stimuli The two major types of pain are nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain Other types of pain include inflammatory pain and psychogenic ... for pain sensation from the body Adapted from Purves and Williams, 2001 13 Chapter I Introduction Orofacial pain Orofacial pain is defined by the American Academy of Orofacial Pain (AAOP) as pain ... distressing nature of pain in these regions (Renton, 2008) Common orofacial pain conditions include toothache, periodontal pain, oral soft tissue temporomandibular pain and disorders headache (TMDs),...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:34

... introduction of pain 1.1 History of pain study and pain definitions 1.2 Types of pain 1.2.1 Type (Acute nociceptive pain) 1.2.2 Type (Inflammatory pain) ... (Brodal 2004) 2.2 Orofacial pain The diagnosis of orofacial pain is complicated because of the region’s density of anatomical structures, rich innervations and high vascularity Orofacial pain is defined ... Academy of Orofacial Pain (AAOP) as pain conditions that are associated with the hard and soft tissues of the head, face, neck, and all the intraoral structures” (Okeson 1996) Most prevalent pain...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:42

... tissue damage and peripheral inflammation; and (3) the consequences of neurological damage, including neuropathies and central pain states Phases of Pain There are three phases of pain known: (a) ... Assessing Pain in Animals Pain research and therapy during the past century evolved from Descartes’ concept of pain as a direct transmission system from pain receptors’ in the body tissues to a pain ... Nociceptive Pain) The mechanism involved can be viewed as a simple and direct route of transmission centrally toward the thalamus and cortex and thus the conscious perception of pain, however...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 13:53

... Shulman M, Sandler AN, Bradley JW, et al Postthoracotomy pain and pulmonary function following epidural and systemic morphine Anesthesiology 1984;61:569-75 27 Sabanathan S Has postoperative pain been ... 1th, 6th, 12th, 24th, 48th, 72th, and 96th hours after surgery by a visual analogue scale (VAS) with scores ranging between (pain free) and 10 (the worst imaginable pain) Pulmonary function parameter ... information, visual analog pain scores, pulmonary function tests, and supplementary intravenous analgesia were recorded for each patient 217 Patients subjectively assessed the level of pain at 1th, 6th,...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:10

Ngày tải lên: 16/08/2013, 08:29

... the urinary tract [162] and the cornea [163] and for teeth regeneration [164], the development of mucosal reconstruction in head and neck surgery except for the salivary gland tissue [165–167] is ... Wendlandt, M., Neuenschwander, P., and Suter, U.W (2007) Surface-textured PEG-based hydrogels with adjustable elasticity: synthesis and characterization Biomaterials, 28, 567–575 Tang, Z.G and ... the airways including transport of fluids and ions and for the mucociliary clearance and the patency of the airways [75] The early development of a complete and 317 318 13 Regenerative Medicine functionally...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 08:20

... somebodys head bite/ snap somebodys head off bring something/come to a head from head to foot/ toe get your head down give somebody their head go to your head have a good head for figures head and ... ones head in a noose To put ones head on the block To scratch ones head Be banging ones head against the brick wall From head to toe A roof over ones head Head in the clouds By a short head To ... person is a bonehead, a meathead, a fat head, 22 meaning a person whose head has no brain inside The unique way people name objects and phenomena is a fact that easy to understand, and in the perception...

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 18:33