disorders and diseases of the digestive tract

... nipple and areolar necrosis 29 Benign disorders and diseases of the breast Lymphatics of the breast The lymphatic drainage of the breast is of great importance in the spread of malignant disease of ... Prize of the Royal College of Surgeons for his dissertation on diseases of the mammary gland, and this was published as a monograph entitled Diseases of the Breast and their Treatment in 1850.8 The ... influence of their work Of course many others made major contributions, though of less depth and impact Brodie and Paget of the UK, Semb of Norway, Reclus of France and Schimmelbusch and Billroth of...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 22:20

... 3300 AK Dordrecht, the Netherlands 5Department of Intensive Care, Medical Center Haaglanden, P.O Box 432, 2501 CK The Hague, the Netherlands 6Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ... participated in the coordination of the trial and helped to draft the manuscript PP participated in the coordination of the trial and in the statistical analysis and helped to draft the manuscript ... decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) [3,4] and selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD) [5-7] The concept of SDD consists of the application of topical (oropharyngeal) and enteral (nasogastric)...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 21:21

... antibiotics in the oral cavity and the rest of the digestive tract, or with nonabsorbable antibiotics in the oral cavity alone We specifically chose to review the trials in which the whole regimen of SDD ... tobramycin and amphotericin B), and decontamination of the rest of the digestive tract by local administration (through a nasogastric tube) of the aforementioned antibiotics Another method is systemic ... stay in the ICU, are caused by hospital-acquired organisms, and are preceded by colonization of the oropharynx, the stomach and the gut These infections are much less frequent [13] The goal of SDD...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:22

... patient survival in the ICU and preferably in hospital should be the primary endpoint of such studies Also, the design of the study deserves further attention Randomization of multiple wards in ... pressure, the duration of the therapy and the microorganism The first mechanism (resistance through mutations) is relevant for resistance to β-lactam antibiotics (e.g cephalosporins and carbapenems) and ... data of this study [2], it is essential to determine the relative impacts of introduction of resistant strains, of endogenous and exogenous colonization of resistant microorganisms, and of resistance...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:22

... studies and (IQR to 4) for the SDD studies Of the 29 RCTs, 20 described the method of randomisation and 15 were double-blinded In study, the randomisation method was inappropriate [22] A total of ... effect between the two types of antifungal prophylaxis for the outcomes of colonisation and candidemia The difference in effect of SAP compared to SDD became smaller, but the direction of the difference ... PubMed: review of publications and survey of authors BMJ 2005, 330:753 41 Stoutenbeek CP, van Saene HK, Miranda DR, Zandstra DF: The effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract on colonisation...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 10:20

... et al.: Withholding selective decontamination of the digestive tract from critically ill patients must now surely be ethically questionable given the vast evidence base Critical Care 2010 14:443 ... to reduce respiratory tract infections and mortality in adults receiving intensive care Cochrane Database Systematic Review 2009, 4: CD000022 Silvestri L, van Saene HKF, Zandstra DF, Viviani M, ... Zandstra et al Critical Care 2010, 14:443 http://ccforum.com/content/14/5/443 Page of Kluytmans JAJW, Bonten MJM: Ecological effects of selective decontamination on...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 21:21

... disease of 34.33%, respiratory disease of 32.83%, mental and behavioral disorders of 22.33% etc Deck group saw the rate of nutritional and metabolic disorders of 62.56%, digestive system diseases of ... 67.11%, digestive diseases of 60.89%, followed by respiratory diseases of 34.67%, circulatory system diseases of 33.33% , and service groups had the highest rate of nutritional and metabolic disorders ... treat the crew members on board (taking over the tasks of medical officers in the past) but completely unaware of the knowledge and practice of maritime medicine 4.4.2 The effectiveness of the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2014, 23:58

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2016, 13:26

... a nodular mass at the angle of the jaw The masses gradually increase in size and number and form sinuses that open onto the face and neck Although infection is often seen in the jaw area, Actinomyces ... in the host following the fly bite The sandfly inoculates the host with the organisms in the promastigote stage Once the organisms are inoculated, they are phagocytized by host macrophages The ... cat, and, in the soil, if they are exposed to the right conditions, will grow into infectious oocysts The tachyzoites are the proliferating form of the organism, and, when present in tissue, they...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 08:20

... Service and the Bureau of Indian Affairs Support roles are also played by the Department of Transportation, the Department of Defense, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Justice, the Department ... meaningful and less meaningful Less meaningful because of the rapid movement of diseases around the world and the increasing likelihood that one of these will be found here (Exotic Newcastle disease and ... and a number of foreign countries have shared their expertise and their time to create this seventh edition The Chair and Co-Chair of the USAHA Committee on Foreign and Emerging Diseases, Corrie...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 05:20

... sectioning, and through it can be seen the upper surface of the condyle (arrow) upon the shape of the fossa, the inclination of the protuberance, and the shape of the condyle In the 1970s this led to the ... superiorly when there is contracture of the capsule However, shortening of the capsule walls does change the activity of the mechanoreceptors and thereby the activity of the muscles of mastication (Kraus ... process to the posterior edge of the angle of the mandible While part of the ligament inserts onto the mandible, its largest part radiates into the fascia of the medial pterygoid muscle (Sicher and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 11:20

... Transducer and Activator of Transcription), and several other proteins and molecules (Fig 2) Oncogenesis, Inflammatory and Parasitic Tropical Diseases of the Lung Figure The binding of specific ligands ... pneumocytes and some bronchiolar cells of the transgenic animals, and thereby promoted the development of carcinoma of the lung This mouse model should prove useful to the study of lung carcinogenesis and ... adenocarcinomas of the lung These mu‐ tations result in prolonged activation of the receptor and downstream signaling through phosphorylated Akt, in the absence of ligand stimulation of the extracellular...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 14:20

... Evaluation, and Management of the Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy This guideline has been reviewed and approved by the Hypertension Guideline Committee and approved by the Executive and Council of the ... on the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy The resulting guidelines, published in the CMAJ in 19974–6 and endorsed by the Society of Obstetricians and ... Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of the Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Table Key to evidence statements and grading of recommendations, using the ranking of the Canadian Task Force...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 14:20

... professor at the Universities of Cape Town, Tel Aviv, and Lyon, and at the Pasteur and Weizmann Institutes He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and of the ... He is a member of numerous professional societies and has been on the editorial boards of The American Journal of Physiology, The Journal of Nutrition, and The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ... Nutritional Aspects and Clinical Management of Chronic Disorders and Diseases that the magnitude of the effect of dietary NaCl on blood pressure will reflect the culmination of a number of genetic variants...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 22:20

... circulating androgen, is converted by the enzyme 5αreductase to dihydrotestosterone in the gland The periurethral portion of the gland increases in size during puberty and after the age of 55 due to the ... (PSA) and acid phosphatase are produced in the epithelial cells Both prostate epithelial cells and stromal cells express androgen receptors and depend on androgens for growth Testosterone, the ... Clinical states of prostate cancer PSA, prostate-specific antigen Anatomy and Pathology The prostate is located in the pelvis and is surrounded by the rectum, the bladder, the periprostatic and dorsal...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 02:20

... which the tempo of the illness is altered and symptoms controlled until the patient dies of other causes These can be equivalent therapeutically from a patient standpoint if the patient has not ... death, the states model allows a distinction between cure the elimination of all cancer cells, the primary therapeutic objective when treating most cancers and cancer control, in which the tempo of ... surgically remains in the state of localized disease as long as the PSA remains undetectable The time within a state becomes a measure of the efficacy of an intervention, though the effect may not...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 02:20

... palpable, and of these, 70% are pathologically organ-confined The downside of widespread PSA screening is the detection and treatment of cancers with such a low malignant potential that they would ... examined for the presence of cancer, and the amount of cancer is quantified based on the length of the tumor within the core and the percentage of the core involved ... course of antibiotics before biopsy Men with an abnormal PSA and negative biopsy are advised to undergo a repeat biopsy Each core of the biopsy is examined for the presence of cancer, and the amount...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 02:20

... to the extent of the disease within the gland, the presence or absence of capsular invasion, involvement of seminal vesicles, and extension of disease to lymph nodes Because of the inadequacy of ... identified solely on the basis of an abnormal PSA (T1c), those that are palpable but clinically confined to the gland (T2), and those that have extended outside the gland (T3 and T4) (Table 91-1) ... for staging, the staging system was modified to include the results of imaging studies Unfortunately, no single test has proven to indicate accurately the stage or the presence of organ-confined...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 02:20

... more advanced the disease, the lower the probability of local control and the higher the probability of systemic relapse More important is that within the categories of T1, T2, and T3 disease ... radiation therapy, or active surveillance Choice of therapy requires the consideration of several factors: the presence of symptoms, the probability that the untreated tumor will adversely affect the ... of outcomes of various forms of therapy is limited by the lack of prospective trials, referral bias, and differences in the outcomes used The primary outcomes are cancer control and treatment-related...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 02:20

... radiation therapy (IMRT) to maximize the dose to the prostate and to minimize the exposure of the surrounding normal structures The addition of IMRT has permitted further shaping of the dose, ... radiation therapy The aim is to decrease the size of the prostate and, consequently, to reduce the exposure of normal tissues to full-dose radiation, to increase local control rates, and to decrease the ... pretreatment, the dose administered, and the time of assessment Postradiation erectile dysfunction is related to a disruption of the vascular supply and not the nerve fibers Neoadjuvant hormone therapy...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 02:20