diseases of the gastrointestinal system

... 636 Other causes, 636 Summary, 636 36 Diseases of the Ampulla of Vater and Pancreas, 639 Peri-ampullary carcinoma, 639 Benign villous adenoma of the ampulla of Vater, 644 Cystic tumours of the ... 1.14) There is no basement membrane The sinusoids are lined by endothelial cells Associated with the sinusoids are the phagocytic cells of the reticulo-endothelial system (Kupffer cells), and the ... (fig 1.16) These make up 6–8% of the total endothelial cell surface, and there are more in the centrilobular zone of the sinusoid than the peri-portal area Extra-cellular matrix affects their function...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... palms) The hands are warm and the palms bright red in colour, especially the hypothenar and thenar eminences and pulps of the fingers (fig 6.12) Islets of erythema may be found at the bases of the ... of the complement cascade Systemic toxaemia of intestinal origin results in deterioration of the scavenger functions of the reticulo-endothelial system and also to renal damage (fig 6.9) [6] These ... mainly affects the Jewish race The deficiency is in the enzyme sphingomyelinase, in the lysosomes of the reticulo-endothelial system This results in the lysosomal storage of sphingomyelin The liver...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... veins of the caval system Deviation of blood into these channels leads to varicosities in the submucous layer of the lower end of the oesophagus and fundus of the stomach (b) At the anus, the superior ... by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein just posterior to the head of the pancreas at about the level of the second lumbar vertebra It extends slightly to the right of ... attempting to bypass the block and return blood towards the liver These enter the portal vein in the porta hepatis beyond the block They include the veins at the hilum, venae comitantes of the portal vein...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... result of the failure of transport systems across the hepatocyte and the canalicular membrane Conjugation is intact and therefore there is reux of conjugated bilirubin into JAUNDICE Classication of ... micrograph of the canalicular biliary system porters, from the microsomes to the bile canalicular membrane The peri-canalicular cytoplasm contains elements of the cytoskeleton of the hepatocyte: ... Hering (g 13.3) These are found largely in the portal zones of the liver The ductule passes into the interlobular bile duct which is the rst bile channel to be accompanied by a branch of the hepatic...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... passage from the mother to the neonate The infection is usually not via the umbilical vein, but from the mother at the time of birth and during close contact afterwards The chance of transmission ... serum IgG anti-HDV is found There may be a window period between the disappearance of one and the detection of the other Loss of IgM anti-HDV confirms the resolution of HDV infection, whereas persistence ... eliminates the virus during the acute stage, has to be maintained permanently to achieve long-term control of the virus [39, 86] There is no association between the course of the disease and the HLA...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... related to the severity of the liver disease [72] The extent of the nutritional defect depends on the type of alcoholic, whether of low socioeconomic status where protein-calorie malnutrition often ... lipids synthesized in the liver itself The origin depends upon the dose of ethanol ingested and the lipid content of the diet After an acute, isolated ingestion of a large dose of ethanol the fatty ... years, should be warned of the possibility of adenoma development If adenoma is diagnosed, the woman must be warned of the possibility of rupture and the significance of any unexplained right...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... fever, often with a rash (erythema of Milan), occur about days after starting therapy This is part of the Herxheimer reaction The mechanism of the jaundice is unclear References Case Records of the ... sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 98% [3] Angiography confirms the supply is directed centrally to the scar and is then distributed to the periphery of the lesion like the spokes of a wheel ... ulcers Amoebae are carried to the liver in the portal venous system Occasionally, they pass through the hepatic sinusoids into the systemic circulation with the production of abscesses in lungs and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... anomaly the gallbladder lies under the left lobe of the liver, to the left of the falciform ligament This may be caused by the gallbladder migrating to a position under the left lobe of the liver ... laterally over the gallbladder down to the duodenum, to the hepatic flexure of the colon and even to the right lobe of the liver, perhaps closing the foramen of Winslow In a milder form, a band of tissue ... if the bilirubin is greater than twice the upper limit of normal because of failure of efficient secretion of contrast by the liver Oral cholecystography is of value in showing lesions of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... depends on the clinical state of the patient and the staging of the tumour derived from radiological imaging Difficulties in removal arise because of the inaccessibility of the pancreas on the posterior ... obstructed in the right lobe and the left hepatic system obstructed at the hilum If non-surgical drainage is to be done, these appearances favour drainage of the left- rather than the right-sided system ... diverticulum Diverticula of the duodenum are often found near the ampulla of Vater, but rarely cause obstruction of the bile duct They are associated with an increased rate of gallbladder and common...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... strokes The doctors evaluate the extent, type and location of the damage to the brain on the basis of the signs and the severity of the paralytic attack If the left side of the brain is affected then ... understanding the basics of the brain, we will now classify the common diseases of the brain and nervous system: Altered Consciousness Loss of the cognitive state of the brain, coma - Loss of consciousness ... Infective diseases of the Meningitis, Abscess brain (Non-viral) DISEASES OF THE BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM 12 10 11 12 13 14 15 l An Overview of the Nervous System Viral diseases of the brain Encephalitis,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2016, 09:55

... proved the eon'eetness of the system with a rigor and explicitness that is unusual for the great majority of mathematical proofs A Survey of the System gtructure Storage Allocation In the classical ... in their homing position Each process blocked in the course of task execution relies on the other processes for removal of the barrier Essentially, the proof in question is a demonstration of the ... the value of the semaphore called "sem" by If the resulting value of the semaphore concerned is positive, the V-operation in question has no further effect; if, however, the resulting value of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2012, 15:05

... 4.5 millions of individual entrepreneurs);  90 % of the total number of establishments;  44 % of GDP;  45 % of employment Sources of financing Business partners, relatives or other people ... stimulation of goods and services production and distribution, and also for a mutuality of start-up enterprises in the acquisition of getting profits and a capital accumulation experience Main tasks of ... of Microfinance      to stimulate efficiency access to the financial resources; to create work places; to grow of tax proceeds; to create a credit history for the further development of SMEs...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 03:15

... with the historical facets of his position, some with the philosophical, and some with both.4 What are the defining features of the morality system? At the end of Chapter 10 of Ethics and the Limits ... Kant, some of the most fundamental moral obligations concern the promotion of general ideals or ends such as our own perfection and the happiness of others The obligations of the morality system ... 66216 The Critique of the Morality System July 11, 2007 113 KANT AND THE MORALITY SYSTEM Now that we have a better idea of what Williams means by the morality system, ” what are we to make of his...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 07:20

... An Overview of the Financial System • Primary function of the Financial System is financial Intermediation • The channeling of funds from households, firms and governments ... shortage of funds (borrowers) • Direct finance vs Indirect finance 2-2 An Overview of the Financial System II 2-3 Structure of Financial Markets I Debt Markets • Short-term (maturity < year) – the ... expertise and taking advantage of economies of scale 2- Function of Financial Intermediaries III Risk Sharing • Create and sell assets with low risk characteristics and then use the funds to buy assets...

Ngày tải lên: 05/01/2014, 16:55

... impair the pumping action of the heart, or when there is a threat of other complications The choice of drug is empirical If the desired effect is not achieved, another drug is tried Combinations of ... membranous sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR); c) Ca2+ bound to the inside of the plasmalemma The plasmalemma of cardiomyocytes extends into the cell interior in the form of tubular invaginations ... terms of their positive inotropic effect, !-sympathomimetics, unlike dopamine (p 114), are of little therapeutic use; they are also arrhythmogenic and the sensitivity of the !-receptor system...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 19:20

... weapon There are major forms of infection with the organism: cutaneous, inhalation, and gastrointestinal. 93 The details of these forms of anthrax will not be discussed with the exception of gastrointestinal ... Sudan.249 The organism’s life cycle begins in the gut of the sandfly, but the organism completes its life cycle in the host following the fly bite The sandfly inoculates the host with the organisms ... ARTICLE The least common form of leishmaniasis is mucocutaneous The ulcerated mucosal lesions seen in this form of the disease are due to the disseminated spread of the organism from the initial...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 08:20

... the RCL of the serpin inserts into the major A b-sheet causing the protease to be rapidly translocated from the top to the bottom of the inhibitor [6] In the process, the structure of the protease ... polymers of serpins, where the insertion of another molecule’s RCL takes place [8] Both of these result in the irreversible inactivation (generally) of the serpins, and, in the case of the anticoagulant ... ‘crushed’ against the bottom of the inhibitor [7] In particular, this deformation of the protease affects the geometry of the catalytic triad, preventing the completion of catalysis beyond the acyl intermediate...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 02:21

... account both of the probability of derivations yielding a specific relation and of the proportion of such derivations in the forest produced by the parser A weighted set of GRs from the parse forest ... general) level in the hierarchy The micro-averaged precision, recall and F1 score are calculated from the counts for all relations in the hierarchy The macroaveraged scores are the mean of the individual ... to some extent tune the parser to different genres without the need for retraining The current version of the grammar finds at least one parse rooted in S for about 85% of the Susanne corpus (used...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... Service and the Bureau of Indian Affairs Support roles are also played by the Department of Transportation, the Department of Defense, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Justice, the Department ... use of the term “Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs) developed first by the FAO instead of the use of “foreign animal diseases Transboundary Animal Diseases are defined 18 FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASES ... regulations for the transport of infectious materials by any mode of transport These regulations are based upon the Recommendations of the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 05:20

... marrow stem cells, are the most potent antigen-presenting cells of the immune system They play a central role in the initiation of primary immune response and in the enhancement of secondary immune ... the RNA content and cDNA synthesis in the different preparations Furthermore, the PCR primers for glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase and FAAH were selected on the basis of the sequence of ... one of the enzymes mostly involved in endocannabinoid inactivation The heterogeneous distribution of CB2 receptors among cells of the immune system suggests that these receptors might exert their...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20