disadvantages of nested case control study

... cause of death; 80% of control subjects who were current smokers of one or more packs per day died of a smoking-related cause compared with 60% of control subjects who never smoked. This study ... lung cancer. Of the 217 eligible case subjects identified, we interviewed 213 (98.1%) of their next of kin. Control Subject Selection for the Nested Case Control Study Based on incidence density ... exposures. Study design A nested case control study of lung cancer and DE in a cohort of 12 315 workers in eight non-metal mining facilities included 198 lung cancer deaths and 562 control subjects....

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 17:20

... cohort of 2365 HIV-infected individuals, 629 initiated treatment for TB during the period of study. Of these, 274 had the pulmonary form of the disease and constituted the study population. Of these, ... identify the factors associated with this delay. Methods Study design and population A nested case- control study was undertaken within a cohort of HIV-infected individuals , aged 18 years and over, ... 69.4% of patients were male. The time interval between the onset of cough and the initiation of treatment for TB ranged from a minimum of 1 day to a maximum of 552 days, with a median of 41 days...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:20

... acquisition of data, helped in design of the study. NC participated drafting of the manuscript, editing of final version. RD performed the statistical analysis. TO helped to acquisition of data. ... Beral V: Risk of breast cancer after miscarriage or induced abortion: a Scot- tish record linkage case- control study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005, 59:283-287. World Journal of Surgical Oncology ... 1 of 8 (page number not for citation purposes) World Journal of Surgical Oncology Open Access Research Breast cancer risk factors in Turkish women – a University Hospital based nested case control...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:21

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 12:20

... con- sistent pattern of the effect of smoking on risk of can- cer deaths. TABLE 1. Characteristics of cases and two control groups: Population-based case- control study of smoking on risk of cancer deaths ... offer specific suggestions that we believe are useful in choosing controls within the framework of the study principles. SUBJECTS AND METHODS National Mortality Survey and Case- Control Study ... conducted as the study base. Cases and two groups of controls were obtained within the study base: 130,079 males who died of smoking-related cancers at age 35 or over were de- fined as cases. These...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:48

... 1 of 8 (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of Translational Medicine Open Access Research A MIF haplotype is associated with the outcome of patients with severe sepsis: a case control ... LG: The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/ failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive ... comparable to both control groups. However, the genotype and allele frequencies of both polymorphisms were associated significantly with the outcome of severe sepsis. The highest risk of dying from...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... Prognostic impact of clinical course- specific mRNA expression profiles in the serum of perioperative patients with esophageal cancer in the ICU: a case control study. Journal of Translational ... line refer to IL-6 mRNA, IL-6, mean of normal IL-6 level in plasma, and predictive cut-off level of IL-6 mRNA, respectively. (c) SPSS software analysis of the AUC of the ROC curve was 0.809 and 0.453 ... Journal of Translational Medicine 2010, 8:103 http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/8/1/103 Page 8 of 11 Recently, the use of gene-expression profiling on a transcriptome level of peripheral...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... effectively monitored our working population. 12.9% of the 148 cases, and 3.2% of the 220 controls had a positive QFT result. Another 14.8% of cases and 4.5% of controls had conditionally positive QFT results. ... direct part of the study, we noted that a subset of the subject cases (35) have had recent TBST's (within the last 3 years) as part of their ongoing medical evaluations. Only 4 of the cases had ... (34.0%) of the total 368 firefighters, and were equally distributed among cases and controls. For all positive TBST cases, 47 (31.8%) of 148 were posi- tive for MA, while 78 (35.5%) of 220 positive...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... by cases would lead to an overestimation of risks. Otherwise, a non-differential overestimation of physical workload (in both cases and control subjects) would lead to an under- estimation of ... and a non-differential approach to cases and controls. Participants were not informed of the specific aims of the study. They were asked to participate in a study concerning the theme 'occupation ... tertile of exposed control subjects comprised more than 10% of all (exposed plus non-exposed) control sub- jects, a high-dose category was generated according to the 95 th percentile of control...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... number of follicles, whereas it is not expression of PCOS endocrine impairment. In this study, reproducibility of the measurements of stromal volume was very close to that of ovarian volume and of ... distance from the leading edge of the second echogenic line of the far walls of the distal segment of the common carotid artery, the carotid bifurcation, and the initial tract of internal carotid artery on ... and dou- bling of cross-sectional ovarian area, observed by ultra- sound, has been shown to be expression of a marked increase (33%) of cortical portion, and of a five-fold increase of medullar...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... disadvantage: a case control study on health-related quality of life in children with sickle cell disease. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2010 8:121. Hijmans et al. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ... and Quality of Life Outcomes 2010, 8:121 http://www.hqlo.com/content/8/1/121 Page 6 of 8 RESEARC H Open Access Double disadvantage: a case control study on health-related quality of life in children ... the subjective HRQoL of children with SCD. While interpreting the results of this study, s trengths and limitations should be taken into account. Findings of this study are strengthened by the use of a well-stan- dardized...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... than in the cases (cases 14 (13.5%) and controls 77 (27.1%); p = 0.005). Use of selective COX-2 inhibitors was comparable (cases 17 (16.4%) and controls 50 (17.6%); p = 0.77). Use of the preferential ... transportation: Emergency Number of transports Cost manual of Oostenbrink 443.00 Regular Number of transports Cost manual of Oostenbrink 212.00 Blood products: Packed cells Number of units Cost manual of Oostenbrink ... Number of units Cost manual of Oostenbrink 81.00 Fresh frozen plasma Number of units Cost manual of Oostenbrink 154.00 Endoscopy Number of procedures Tariff list hospitals 369.71 Surgery: Suture of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... treated. 2. Methods 2.1. Type of the Study This is a qua si-experimental research based on one study group and one control group and it focuses on the study of the i mpact of systematic preoperative instruction ... found that anxiety was experi- enced at a rate of 80% and the fear of not being able to get rid of cancer and the fear of impairment of the qual- ity of life were p articularly effective on anxiety. ... given are effective in reducing the level of anxiety [14-16]. Ozdemir and Pasinlioglu (2009) found in their study on 34 study group cases and 32 control group cases under- going hysterectomy with...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:24

... compared. The study population consisted of a random sample of members of the Quebec drug plan (age 18 years or older) who received at least one dispensation of celecoxib (n = 42,422; cases), rofecoxib ... included in the formulary of reimbursed medications. A population-based case control study was conducted in which the prevalence of risk factors and the medical histories of patients prescribed ... employee of Pharmacia Corpo- ration at the time the study was conducted. Authors' contributions YM, as principal investigator of the study, designed and coordinated the study, interpreted study...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... collected systematically and included age at onset of psoriasis and PsA, and disease pattern. The control individuals (controls) were of similar ethnicity to the patients (cases). Controls for the New- foundland ... al. Page 2 of 3 (page number not for citation purposes) Materials and methods This study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Memorial University of Newfoundland and University of Toronto. ... cases (10.5%) and controls (10.4%) for this PTPN22 variant (P = 0.96). A total of 207 PsA patients and 199 control individuals were genotyped in the Toronto population for the R620W variant of PTPN22....

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... (10.8%) of the healthy controls included in the present study. Three of these resulted in amino acid substitutions. Nine (8.8%) of the RA patients from the present study exhibited five of these ... result of this study, the fre- quency of uncommon PADI4 variants as identified earlier [8] was apparently not different quantitatively or qualitatively between patients and controls. Of note, ... combinations The frequencies of the PADI4 haplotype combinations found in our study are presented in Table 1. A detailed description of the variability of exons 2–4 of the PADI4 gene in healthy...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

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Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21