... be taken:Chapter 28- DigitalSignal Processors 513ProgramMemory Data Memoryinstructions andsecondary data data onlyAddressPM Data GeneratorAddressDM Data Generator Data RegistersMuliplierALUShifterDM ... theChapter 28- DigitalSignal Processors 511Memory data andinstructionsProgramMemory Data Memoryinstructions andsecondary data data onlyProgramMemory Data Memoryinstructions only data onlya. ... Harvard Architecture ( )CPUaddress bus data busPM address busPM data busPM address busPM data busDM address busDM data busCPUDM address busDM data bussingle memorydual memorydual...
... 35The Sampling Theorem 39 Digital- to -Analog Conversion 44 Analog Filters for Data Conversion 48Selecting the Antialias Filter 55Multirate Data Conversion 58Single Bit Data Conversion 60Chapter ... (Transform Compression) 494MPEG 501Chapter 28. DigitalSignal Processors 503How DSPs are different 503Circular Buffering 506Architecture of the DigitalSignal Processor 509Fixed versus Floating ... Probability and Noise 11 Signal and Graph Terminology 11Mean and Standard Deviation 13 Signal vs. Underlying Process 17The Histogram, Pmf and Pdf 19The Normal Distribution 26 Digital Noise Generation...
... what are the advantages of digitalsignal processing insteadof analogsignal processing, even though digitalsignal processing requires morecircuits compared to analogsignal processing?x(n)y(n)z−1z−1z−1ΣΣΣΣFigure ... can be considered a bandlimited signal. It is this signal thatis sampled and converted to a discrete-time signal and coded to a digital signal by the analog- to -digital converter (ADC) that was ... discrete-time signals aredescribed. A brief history of analog and digital filter design is given. Then theadvantages of digitalsignal processing over continuous-time (analog) signal pro-cessing...
... (VLSI) technology. The analog signals were con-verted to sampled data signals by these filters and the signal processing wastreated as analogsignal processing. But later, the signals were transitioned ... called the digital signal. Although there is a difference betweenthe discrete-time signal and digital signal, in the next few chapters we assumethat the signals are discrete-time signals and ... output data decrease.For example, data on a few ADCs currently available are given in Table 1.3 [3].Hence digitalsignal processing is restricted to approximately one megahertz,and analog signal...
... abgetasteten Signal nur die Werte zu den Abtastzei-ten, gibt das Abtasttheorem Auskunft,ob alle Signalinformationen in denabgetasteten Werten enthalten sindoder nicht:Enthält ein Signal nur Signalanteile ... sind lediglich niedrigere Töne66 Digital Signal ProcessingKursteil 2: Abtastenund digitale FiltertechnikNachdem wir in der letzten Folge das Abtasten von Signalen erklärthatten, kommen wir ... Ausgangssignalsanzusehen. Dazu muß man aber ersteinmal die Möglichkeit kennenlernen,Spektren von Signalen zu berechnenund zu betrachten.SPEKTRUMS-ANALYSERWas wäre ein Kurs über digitale...
... methods.52.1.1 Signal ChainWe assume a model where the input signal is properly bandlimited and digitized by an appropriate analog- to -digital converter. All subsequent processing in the encoder will be digital. ... The decoder isalso digital up to the digital- to -analog converter, which is followed by a lowpass reconstruction filter.Under idealized conditions, the interconnection of the signal chain excluding ... encoded/decoded signal and the original signal. Usually, distortion is measured by a single number for a given coder and bit rate. There arenumerous ways of mapping an error signal onto a single...
... func-tions on a fixed-point digitalsignal processor,IEEE Trans. Industr. Electron.,41, 70–78, Feb.1994.[17] Ebert, P.M., Mazo, J.E. and Taylor, M.G., Overflow oscillations in digital filters,Bell ... ConsiderationsLinear-phaseFIR digital filters can generally be implementedwith acceptablecoefficient quantizationsensitivity using the direct convolution sum method. When implemented in this way on a digital signal ... second-order state-space digital filter structures,IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II,39, 90–98,Feb. 1992.[3] Proakis, G.J. and Manolakis, D.J.,Introduction to DigitalSignal Processing,NewYork,...
... Afifth-orderelliptic analoganti-aliasingfilterusedinthetelecommunications industrywith an 8-kHz sampling rate.FIGURE 1.17: Analog pre- and postfilters required at the analog to digital and digital to analog interfaces.forms ... BruceW.BomarIntroduction•NumberRepresentation•Fixed-PointQuantizationErrors•Floating-PointQuan-tizationErrors•RoundoffNoise•LimitCycles•OverflowOscillations•CoefficientQuantizationError•RealizationConsiderationsTHESTUDYOF“SIGNALSANDSYSTEMS”hasformedacornerstoneforthedevelopmentofdigitalsignalprocessingandiscrucialforallofthetopicsdiscussedinthisHandbook.Whilethereaderisassumedtobefamiliarwiththebasicsofsignalsandsystems,asmallportionisreviewedinthischapterwithanemphasisonthetransitionfromcontinuoustimetodiscretetime.Thereaderwishingmorebackgroundmayfindinitanyofthemanyfinetextbooksinthisarea,forexample[1]-[6].Inthechapter“FourierSeries,FourierTransforms,andtheDFT”byW.KennethJenkins,manyimportantFouriertransformconceptsincontinuousanddiscretetimearepresented.ThediscreteFouriertransform(DFT),whichformsthebackboneofmoderndigitalsignalprocessingasitsmostcommonsignalanalysistool,isalsodescribed,togetherwithanintroductiontothefastFouriertransformalgorithms.In“OrdinaryLinearDifferentialandDifferenceEquations”,theauthor,B.P.Lathi,presentsadetailedtutorialofdifferentialanddifferenceequationsandtheirsolutions.Becausetheseequationsarethemostcommonstructuresforbothimplementingandmodellingsystems,thisbackgroundisnecessaryfortheunderstandingofmanyofthelatertopicsinthisHandbook.Ofparticularinterestareanumberofsolvedexamplesthatillustratethesolutionstotheseformulations.c1999byCRCPressLLCFIGURE1.1:CTmodelofasampledCTsignal.FIGURE1.2:DTmodelofasampledCTsignal.1.2.1 ... 1986.[6] Oppenheim, A.V. and Schafer, R.W., Digital Signal Processing, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1975.[7] Blahut, R.E.,Fast Algorithms for DigitalSignal Processing, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley,1985.[8]...
... STUDIO191Introduction to Real-Time Digital Signal ProcessingSignals can be divided into three categories ± continuous-time (analog) signals,discrete-time signals, and digital signals. The signals that we encounter ... signal. In this section, we first discuss how to convert analog signals into digital signals so that they can be processed using DSP hardware. Theprocess of changing an analogsignal to a xdigital ... term `discrete-time' and `digital& apos; inter-changeably. Digital signal processing (DSP) is concerned with the digital representation of signalsand the use of digital hardware to analyze,...
... de-interlacing of the signal. The implication of GST is that it is possible to perfectly reconstruct a signal sampled at 1/n timesthe Nyquist rate if n independent sets of samples describe the signal. The ... Conversion Applied toVideo SignalsHigh-quality scanning format conversion is difficult to achieve, as the conditions of the samplingtheorem are generally not met in video signals. The solution of ... problem occurs at the signal acquisition stage.Since scenes do occur with almost unlimited spatial and/or temporal bandwidth, the sampling theo-rem requiresthat this signal be low-pass filtered...
... B.R., Digital Image Restoration,Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs,NJ, 1977.[2] Gonzales, R.C. and Woods, R.E., Digital Image Processing,Addison-Wesley, MA, 1992.[3] Katsaggelos, A.K., Ed., Digital ... linear space-invariant imagerestoration,Multidim. Syst. and Signal Proc.,1(1), 143–177, 1990.[15] Rosenfeld, A. and Kak, A.C., Digital Picture Processing,Academic, New York, 1982.[16] Gennery, ... Proc.,ASSP-37(4), 589–592, 1989.[59] Combettes, P.L. and Trussell, H.J., Methods for digital restoration of signals degraded by astochastic impulse response,IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Sig. Proc.,ASSP-37(3),...
... and hold is then applied to an analog- to -digital converter (A/D) circuit wherethe sampled analogsignal is converted to a digitally coded signal. The digitalsignal is then applied toc1999 ... to an analogsignal by a digital- to -analog converter (D/A). A digital filtering application mayproduce an analogsignal as its output, whereas a speech recognition system may pass the digital output ... basic elements of a digitalsignal processingsystem. The analogsignal is first converted to a discrete time signal by a sample and hold circuit. TheFIGURE 5.1: Digitalsignal processing system.output...
... many(inessence)continuoussignals in adigital fashion.This means that we do not deal with these signals directly, but only with sampled versions of it: weonly retain the values of these signals at a discrete ... extractionof an SDTV signal from an HDTV signal is not simply a question of subsampling the HDTV signal; interpolation is needed to compute the values of the luminance signal at the missing ... luminance signal has to be sufficiently band limited. An often-used pass band regionis given by the diamond in Fig. 4.3(c).An SDTV interlaced signal has half the vertical resolution of the HDTV signal, ...
... − 6t + 2t)e−2t=−2e−2tc1999 by CRC Press LLCRecall that the exponential signal includes a large variety of signals, such as a constant (ζ = 0),a sinusoid (ζ =±jω), and an exponentially ... number of derivatives, this classof inputs includes a wide variety of the most commonly encountered signals in practice. Table 2.1shows a variety of such inputs and the form of the particular solution...