developing an interest in science and math

... throughout science and technology? ?in natural history, and biology, geology and mineralogy, chemistry, biochemistry and pharmacology, physics and astronomy and several branches of engineering, including ... polarised. In the Animal Kingdom, insects and many other animals exploit such natural polarisation in some fascinating ways since they do not share this human limitation and can both detect and analyse ... robust, thin and can be easily cut to any desired shape It can be incorporated into cameras, microscopes and other instruments without any radical redesign or machining and it allows any amateur

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 16:51

... pulses in science and industry In this chapter, we demonstrate the generation of nanoparticles and nanostructures (including ripples and dots) using fs laser pulses Initially, we ... and Industry to the (10 0) LaAlO3 (LAO) substrate The temperature-dependent resistance of an (0 01) oriented YBCO thin.. .Part 1 Thin Films and Nanostructures 1 Nanoparticles and ... APPLICATIONS IN SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY Edited by Krzysztof Jakubczak Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry Edited by Krzysztof Jakubczak Published by InTech Janeza

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... hand in hand with large vacuum coating chambers In Sandia’s case, the coating chamber is 2. 3 m x 2. 3 m x 1.8 m in size and opens to a Class 100 clean room equipped for handling and ... in Science and Industry of incidence (AOI), and the designs take into account behaviors of both S and P polarization (Spol and Ppol) electric field intensities resulting from interference ... coatings as a means of mitigating stress mismatch between the coating and substrate We continue with details of preparation of large optics for coating, including the polishing and washing and

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... meter-class laser optic in type of optical glass, in polishing compound and process, in washing and cleaning prior to coating, and in optical coating, including that both the test optic and the meter-class ... and backward propagating components of light within the first 12 to 15 layers of the coating, 42 Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry and this interference... obtaining ... of washing and cleaning the optical surface prior to coating in a way that removes as much surface contamination as possible, including residual polishing compound. At Sandia, washing of meter-class

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Applications in Science and Industry to the vibration bath, which results in heating and triggering of a whole range of phase transformation processes in the material, including melting, ... few that deal with the interaction of ultrashort pulses with wide band gap (dielectric, insulator and/ or transparent) materials. Itina and Shcheblanov (Itina and Shcheblanov, 2010) recently proposed ... 230±3 nm for AlN-2 and 310 4 nm in case of samples AlN-3 Effect of Pulse Laser Duration and Shape on PLD Thin Films Morphology and. .. Applications in Science and Industry (a) (b)

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... crystalline and amorphous states. In the writing process, a small volume in the thin film is locally and rapidly heated to above the melting point and successively quenched into the amorphous phase. In ... 2007). In the writing process, a small volume in the thin film is locally and rapidly heated to above the melting point and successively quenched into the amorphous phase. In the erasing process, ... equilibrium state, and thus inherits the structure and volume at the melting state. Therefore, the volume has an increase V , and Laser Pulse Patterning on Phase Change Thin Films 77 the

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... grating period λ - desorbing laser wave length Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry 94 θ - angle between one of the incident laser beams and the surface normal. Such grating ... Material expansion will induce various changes in refractive index, heat capacity, etc 110 Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry Fig 1 Laser-matter interactions involve numerous ... as an anchor and inhibited the cluster diffusion. Smearing out of the density grating had little or no effect on the size distribution of the gold clusters, suggesting no significant sintering

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... nonlinear ionization containing two different modes: photo-ionization and avalanche ionization. The band gap in dielectrics is wide and a single photon is not able to induce ionization and ... conduction band electrons rise to a certain degree, the energized electrons can excite electrons in valance band to conduction band through collisions with other valance band electrons and produce ... Small-scale self-focusing. (Courtesy of Dr. Ruihua Niu and Dr. Binhou Li) 3.3 Extrinsic damage Dielectrics have wide band-gap and low absorptive capacity and possess high intrinsic damage threshold.

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... material interface. E 0 and E denote the Electric field strength of the incident beam, and that of the reflected beam. Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry 138 where suffices ^ and ... of tiny waves emanated from the beam reflection area. In this case, incident angle of the beam onto the interface is less than the critical angle of total internal reflection between glass and ... physics involved in the phenomena, pressure wave generation from material interface of glass or PMMA surface in air or in water, and its high speed imaging, (Nakahara et al, 2008) are described and

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... does not induce any changes in the average size of Au nanoparticles when formed by the PLA+EPD process in butanol. Considering the zeta potential values of ethanolic and butanolic Au nanoparticles ... Therefore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has to be used as well in order to visualize Au nanoparticles and to distinguish Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry 156 between influences ... higher than the lower current value and, as a consequence, a decrease of Au nanoparticles concentration in Au17 solution being determined. Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... also shown in the figure 184 Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry Fig 15 Changes in rest potential during and after pit formation on 2024 aluminum alloy in 0.5 kmol ... ultrasonic bath, and then polished Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry 174 Fig. 1. Schematic representation of propagation of pitting corrosion in chloride ion containing solutions. ... aluminum alloy is about twice that of the 2024 aluminum alloy. Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry 178 Fig. 7. Changes in the diameters of fabricated artificial pits on 1050 and

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... thorough understanding of both the disciplines of biology and engineering is imperative to develop Lasers – Applications in Science and Industry 194 an efficient system for handling biological ... Application in IVF Carrie Bedient, Pallavi Khanna and Nina Desai Cleveland Clinic Foundation U.S.A 1. Introduction In- vitro fertilization (IVF) involves the culture and manipulation of gametes and ... Implantation rates were 2.8%, 9.1% and 8.1% in the complete hatching, partial hatching and zona thinning groups Clinical pregnancy rates were also significantly improved with 5.2%, 18.3% and

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... enamel and dentine, and there is a remarkable difference in refractive index and hardness between these two materials. The interface between enamel and dentine is therefore recognized clearly in ... method for removal of caries and hard dental tissues with minimal thermal and mechanical damage to surrounding tissue. An important issue is quantitatively determining the dependence of tooth ... assisted hatching in good prognosis patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer: a randomized controlled trial. Fertility and Sterility, Vol. 87, No. 2, pp. 283-87. Sathananthan, H.,

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Alignment in Dissipative... is determined by the (larger of the) characteristic pulse response length and the sampling interval Δz0=cΔt0/2 of the lidar system, and by the noise level and bandwidth ... sampling interval (the digitizing step) in the time domain The value of Δz0 is usually assumed to be less than the least variation scale of the investigated extinction and backscattering inhomogeneities... ... which is shown in blue line in the inset of Figure 5. Depending on the delay time between the first aligning and the second aligning laser pulses, the field-free alignment can be instructive or

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Ps(z) and f(=2z/c) are supposed defined and integrable over the interval (-) The finite integration limits =0 and =z indicate only the points where the integrand becomes identical to zero When ... acquisition and processing block Fig Illustration of the lidar principle In the general case of inelastic scattering and presence of broadening effects, the lidar return will be frequency shifted and ... Applications in Science and Industry and [-zl,zl] is the real integration interval instead of [-] supposed to be sufficiently large that Ps(z) is fully restored to some characteristic distance zc>q

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... substances, including type I and III interferons, lactoferrin, β-defensins, and nitric oxide, and also in the production of cytokines and chemokines, which recruit inflammatory cells and influence ... reported an increased prevalence of URTIs in infants and children living in city polluted by moderate levels of PM10, NO2 and SO2 as compared to children of a clean air region and ... respiratory infections, depending on the affected organs (noses, sinuses, middle ear, larynx, and pharynx in the URTIs and trachea, bronchi, and lungs in the LRTIs) (Bellos et al., 2010). Advanced

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... areas include mathematics, physics, chemistry and chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, biological and medical sciences, communication and control systems, digital signal, image and video ... libraries, and incorporates a high-level programming language. Nowadays, the MATLAB/Simulink package is the world’s leading mathematical computing software for engineers and scientists in industry and ... Richterova Marie and Mazalek Antonin Chapter 22 Novel Variance Based Spatial Domain Watermarking and Its Comparison with DIMA and DCT Based Watermarking Counterparts 451 Rajesh Kannan Megalingam, Mithun

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... Using the Odefy Toolbox 15 Fig. 8. A Boolean steady states of the OR and AND version of the mutual inhibitory switch model. B,C Phase planes visualizing the attractor landscapes of the AND and ... self-activation between two transcription factors. two versions of the mutual switch model, one with an AND gate combining self-activation and the inhibition, and one with an OR gate: switchAND = ExpressionsToOdefy({’x ... numerical solving functions. Next we set the initial values and change some parameters: initial = zeros(2,1); initial = SetInitialValue(initial, switchAND, ’x’, 0.6); initial = SetInitialValue(initial,

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

...  and P   are power generated in sending and receiving area. And? ??P  and P  are power utilized in sending and receiving area. In this case, ATC from sending area i to the receiving ... ATC. Therefore mean, standard deviation, skewness and kortusis are calculated and analyzed to explain the ATC for system planning. Applications of MATLAB in Science and Engineering 150 ... area. And ∑ P  and ∑ P  are the total power utilized in the sending and receiving area. By applying a linear optimization method and considering ATC limitations, deterministic ATC can be

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... Transforms 559 MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS AND MIND 5 1.3 MATHEMATICS AND MIND Almost, everywhere mathematics is a very useful and powerful language ... Brownian motion and the Fokker-Planck equation. This is an emerging field with enormous potential and with applications to physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and finance. For beginning ... links of interest to readers. S. BAYIN OD TU Ankam/TURKE Y April 2006 2 NATURE AND MATHEMATICS For man to understand nature and his place in it has always been an in- stinctive...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 13:20