... seronegative disease [2] Because ofthe limited sample sizes in subgroups of interest, our study did not include analyses of interactions of distinct HLA-DRB1 subtypes with GSTM1 Recent findings ... our findings but also in providing critical insight into mechanisms underpinning these observed interactions Although this study included a case-only approach, ACPA positivity is increasingly ... GSTM1smoking and smoking-SE), and associations of these risk factor assignments with outcomes were examined using similar regression techniques Gene-gene (GSTM1-SE) and gene-environment (GSTM1-smoking...
... ofthe IMF The views expressed in this Working Paper are those ofthe author (s) and not necessarily represent those ofthe IMF or IMF policy Working Papers describe research in progress bythe ... is effective in fine-tuning the business cycle as periods of relaxing policy (declining interest rate gaps) are followed by shrinking (negative) output gaps (and vice-versa) Our analysis also ... outflows, however, not increase the quasi-fiscal deficit, as they entail selling reserves while purchasing domestic assets by issuing domestic currency VII CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS In...
... is at the base of different effects of mosapride inthesmallintestine and caecum In this study, we demonstrated that administration of mosapride is an effective treatment for the decline of ... was then intubated and the horse was held on a surgical table Anesthesia was maintained by inhalation of halothane and oxygen At the beginning of surgery, 20 mg/kg of cefalotin sodium (Coaxin; ... endings inthe digestive tract [17,18] Acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors on the smooth muscle and induces contractions Generally, mosapride is administrated three times a day in humans...
... and small bowel contrast study provided clues suggestive ofsmall bowel tumor Upper gastrointestinal tract series with small intestinal follow through is one ofthe most useful diagnostic tests ... diagnosis was encountered irrespective ofthe duration ofthe symptoms, the location ofthe tumor within thesmall bowel or the diagnostic procedures used The mean time to establish diagnosis is ... intestine Am J Surg 1984, 147:66-71 Maglinte DDT, O' Connor K, Bessette J, Chernish SM, Kelvin FM: The role ofthe physician inthe late diagnosis of primary malignant tumors ofthesmall intestine...
... non-Hodgkin s lymphoma with synchronous perforation Tumors ofthesmallintestine are infrequent; only 3% to 6% of gastrointestinal tumors and 1% of gastrointestinal malignances arise from thesmall ... intestinal perforation At diagnosis the lymphoma was bulky in 65% of patients, reaching over 10 cm in 45% of cases, implying a delay in diagnosis with a possibly adverse effect on prognosis The ... http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/5/1/57 diagnosis was made Other symptoms include bleeding, obstruction, perforation, and intussusceptions No sex predominance exists Some patients remain asymptomatic...
... apoptotic response of chondrocytes to HNE is associated with decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax expression This suggests that chondrocytes need to modulate the synthesis of at least several ... by scintillation counting The data are expressed as counts per minute (cpm) per milligram of proteins Statistical analysis Results were expressed as the mean ± standard error ofthe mean of eight ... chondrocytes and as the main precursor for the synthesis of ECM glycosaminoglycans in cartilage [35,36] The inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis in OA chondrocytes by HNE (data not shown) could...
... Although these studies show inconsistent results for the association between GSTs and urinary arsenic metabolite pattern, the findings indicate that the GSTT1is possibly responsible for a part of interindividual ... with SAS statistical software (version 9.1.2, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) The study was approved bythe ethics board ofthe institution prior to starting the study and the informed consent ... of GSTOs with As-induced health effects has also been examined in several arseniasis areas The polymorphisms in GSTOs could be a significant modifier for arsenic-induced skin lesions and urothelial...
... contains an N-terminal glutathione- binding domain suggesting its role inthe metabolism and maintenance of GSH levels in intact cells [20,22] Since GSH is one ofthe major antioxidants ofthe ... macrophages varied, being moderate/intense in 8/16 non-smokers, 9/22 Statistical methods The statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS for Windows software (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) Continuous ... GSH against oxidative stress Tissue homogenates that contain both the cells and matrix showed decreased levels of GSTO1-1 in COPD These changes inthe GSTO1-1 levels in COPD may be partly associated...
... together, these results suggested that SmGSTO is expressed more in parasitic stages than in free living stages during theS mansoni life cycle Fig Southern blot analysis of SmGST DNA from S mansoni ... support the higher expression of SmGSTO observed inS mansoni parasitic life stages rather than in free-living life stages, suggesting that this protein may play a role inthe survival ofthe parasite ... theta GST classes, which demonstrated low activities towards CDNB substrate, branch together inthe left side ofthe tree whereas the remaining classes, which use CDNB as substrate, branch in the...
... at least six classes of cytosolic GSTs in insects [2] The majority of GSTs are inthe Delta and Epsilon classes, and the remaining enzymes are inthe Omega, Sigma, Theta and Zeta classes The German ... crystal structures of Delta class GSTs revealed the amino acid residues involved in pocket formation for the binding of GSH (G-site) and substrate (H-site) [27–29] GSH was surrounded by amino ... BgGSTD1 was consistent with the observation that the GSH-binding and CDNB-binding affinities of BgGSTD1 fell within the ranges determined for other insect Delta class GSTs Further experiments may...
... must satisfy restrictions ofthe null hypothesis, so the Wald statistics should be close to zero Table represents results for Wald tests of both hypotheses testing The p-value (p
... against the possibility of a nonspecific effect of hGSTA4-4 causing the transformation Effect of hGSTA4-4 overexpression inthe CCL-75 cell line The effect of hGSTA4-4 overexpression was also ... hGSTA4-4 into smaller rounded immortalized cells which grow rapidly in suspension is surprising but it seems to be consistent with numerous previous studies suggesting that 4-HNE is involved in ... also changes inthe homeostasis of 4-HNE and its metabolites that provides the mechanistic basis for the transformation This possibility needs to be explored in future studies Our results show...
... observed inthe case of CDNB or GSH for any ofthe isoforms studied On the contrary, the isoforms presented statistically different affinities for the two substrates GSH and CDNB, except inthe case of ... studies gave such kinetics constants for GST and none for GSTs from mollusc organisms, the comparison ofthe kinetic parameters from R decussatus GSTs remained limited Nevertheless, inthe marsupial ... GST sequences are from the SWISS-PROT database; M edulis binding protein and mu, alpha, pi GST classes consensus sequences of mammals are from Fitzpatrick et al [28] Species GST 44 GSH binding...
... cells With this assay, we determined the effectiveness of a set of antisense PS-ODNs directed against theglutathione S- transferase Mu1 (GSTM1) and Mu2 (GSTM2) isoforms ofthe rat GSTs play an important ... of antisense effects, it is important that the AS-ODNs and the EGFP-expressing plasmids are transfected into the same cells This was accomplished bythe cotransfection of plasmid and AS-ODN By ... expression In these cases, the expression of EGFP without a GSTM fusion was affected to a similar extent as the expression ofthe targeted proteins Five ODNs (AS-4, AS-12, AS-13, AS-14 and AS-15)...
... This initial increase followed bythe subsequent decline of several enzymes related to GSH synthesis/homeostasis including GST in COPD as shown in this study and inthe previous investigations ... participate in GSH re-synthesis The toxins present inthe cigarette smoke can be transported from the cells by GSTs in reactions that consume GSH The expression of GST alpha and pi in induced sputum supernatants ... homeostasis ofthe lung not increase linearly as the disease progresses and may even be downregulated as the disease progresses to terminal stages [8,20,27] Whether the immunoreactivity of a specific...
... function associations by gender, smoking status, and smoking intensity (pack-years up to baseline and during follow-up in ever smokers), as well as BHR and age, was assessed by including according ... genotype in smokers was assessed by including interaction terms inthe models Cumulative cigarette smoking exposure was summarized in two separate variables: "pack-years smoked up to baseline" and ... stress defensive genes including GSTP1 [52] supporting the notion that sex-specific mechanisms inthe defense response to oxidative stress exist If confirmed by additional studies, our results...
... 1.5 Staging and treatment 16 1.6 Apoptosis in breast cancer 18 1.6.1 Resisting intrinsic pressures for apoptosis 23 1.6.2 Resisting extrinsic pressures for apoptosis 25 1.6.3 Chemotherapy resistance ... express milk upon stimulation by oxytocin, secreted bythe posterior pituitary in response to suckling On weaning, milk secretion stops and the alveolar cells undergo apoptosis; and the rest ofthe ... occur in some sporadic breast cancers and are frequently associated with familial cancers These proteins involved in DNA repair, also play a role in initiating apoptosis inthe presence of excess...
... highest to the lowest as follows: Strategy Class-shifts Intra-system-shifts Structural-shifts Unit-shifts Inthe data, the strategy “Class-shifts” stays on the first rank by appearing 39 times with ... among these types, which we list as follows: + Class-shifts + Intra-system shifts + Structural shifts + Unit-shifts 21 In summary, the study has focused on the answers to the research questions as ... features of words and phrases inthe 14 English translational versions of Trinh Cong Son s songs in contrast to the source texts in Vietnamese Besides, we also stand on the point of view of Catford...
... of their capabilities to inict DNA strand scission inthe presence of ascorbate/O2 [192,243] The process was shown to be sensitive to the action of superoxide dismutase or catalase, implicating ... activity was shown to be substantially harassed [317] The sum of these ndings suggests extreme caution in interpreting data obtained with the genetically engineered P45 0s, because changes inthe pattern ... reect ring opening of an epoxide intermediate at either of its two C-O bonds [219,220] The sum of these ndings strongly invokes the notion of oxygen activation during redox cycling ofthe diverse...
... according to the suggestions ofthe supplier (Amersham Biosciences) Determination of enzyme activity Enzyme activity was determined by using the peroxidasecoupled assay, consisting of 20 mM potassium ... lysate at 13 000 g was used to isolate the proteins on Ni-chelating Sepharose, as described bythe supplier ofthe Sepharose (Amersham Biosciences, Freiburg, Germany) The isolated protein was ... [36] During the course of this work, the structure of dimethylglycine oxidase from A globiformis was published [38] Examination ofthe structure shows that the serine side-chain, corresponding to...