detoxification by glutathione s transferase in mucus of the small intestine

... seronegative disease [2] Because of the limited sample sizes in subgroups of interest, our study did not include analyses of interactions of distinct HLA-DRB1 subtypes with GSTM1 Recent findings ... our findings but also in providing critical insight into mechanisms underpinning these observed interactions Although this study included a case-only approach, ACPA positivity is increasingly ... GSTM1smoking and smoking-SE), and associations of these risk factor assignments with outcomes were examined using similar regression techniques Gene-gene (GSTM1-SE) and gene-environment (GSTM1-smoking...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:22

... of the IMF The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author (s) and not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy Working Papers describe research in progress by the ... is effective in fine-tuning the business cycle as periods of relaxing policy (declining interest rate gaps) are followed by shrinking (negative) output gaps (and vice-versa) Our analysis also ... outflows, however, not increase the quasi-fiscal deficit, as they entail selling reserves while purchasing domestic assets by issuing domestic currency VII CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS In...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 14:20

... is at the base of different effects of mosapride in the small intestine and caecum In this study, we demonstrated that administration of mosapride is an effective treatment for the decline of ... was then intubated and the horse was held on a surgical table Anesthesia was maintained by inhalation of halothane and oxygen At the beginning of surgery, 20 mg/kg of cefalotin sodium (Coaxin; ... endings in the digestive tract [17,18] Acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors on the smooth muscle and induces contractions Generally, mosapride is administrated three times a day in humans...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 23:22

... and small bowel contrast study provided clues suggestive of small bowel tumor Upper gastrointestinal tract series with small intestinal follow through is one of the most useful diagnostic tests ... diagnosis was encountered irrespective of the duration of the symptoms, the location of the tumor within the small bowel or the diagnostic procedures used The mean time to establish diagnosis is ... intestine Am J Surg 1984, 147:66-71 Maglinte DDT, O' Connor K, Bessette J, Chernish SM, Kelvin FM: The role of the physician in the late diagnosis of primary malignant tumors of the small intestine...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:21

... non-Hodgkin s lymphoma with synchronous perforation Tumors of the small intestine are infrequent; only 3% to 6% of gastrointestinal tumors and 1% of gastrointestinal malignances arise from the small ... intestinal perforation At diagnosis the lymphoma was bulky in 65% of patients, reaching over 10 cm in 45% of cases, implying a delay in diagnosis with a possibly adverse effect on prognosis The ... http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/5/1/57 diagnosis was made Other symptoms include bleeding, obstruction, perforation, and intussusceptions No sex predominance exists Some patients remain asymptomatic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:22

... apoptotic response of chondrocytes to HNE is associated with decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax expression This suggests that chondrocytes need to modulate the synthesis of at least several ... by scintillation counting The data are expressed as counts per minute (cpm) per milligram of proteins Statistical analysis Results were expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean of eight ... chondrocytes and as the main precursor for the synthesis of ECM glycosaminoglycans in cartilage [35,36] The inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis in OA chondrocytes by HNE (data not shown) could...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:21

... Although these studies show inconsistent results for the association between GSTs and urinary arsenic metabolite pattern, the findings indicate that the GSTT1is possibly responsible for a part of interindividual ... with SAS statistical software (version 9.1.2, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) The study was approved by the ethics board of the institution prior to starting the study and the informed consent ... of GSTOs with As-induced health effects has also been examined in several arseniasis areas The polymorphisms in GSTOs could be a significant modifier for arsenic-induced skin lesions and urothelial...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... contains an N-terminal glutathione- binding domain suggesting its role in the metabolism and maintenance of GSH levels in intact cells [20,22] Since GSH is one of the major antioxidants of the ... macrophages varied, being moderate/intense in 8/16 non-smokers, 9/22 Statistical methods The statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS for Windows software (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) Continuous ... GSH against oxidative stress Tissue homogenates that contain both the cells and matrix showed decreased levels of GSTO1-1 in COPD These changes in the GSTO1-1 levels in COPD may be partly associated...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20

... together, these results suggested that SmGSTO is expressed more in parasitic stages than in free living stages during the S mansoni life cycle Fig Southern blot analysis of SmGST DNA from S mansoni ... support the higher expression of SmGSTO observed in S mansoni parasitic life stages rather than in free-living life stages, suggesting that this protein may play a role in the survival of the parasite ... theta GST classes, which demonstrated low activities towards CDNB substrate, branch together in the left side of the tree whereas the remaining classes, which use CDNB as substrate, branch in the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:21

... at least six classes of cytosolic GSTs in insects [2] The majority of GSTs are in the Delta and Epsilon classes, and the remaining enzymes are in the Omega, Sigma, Theta and Zeta classes The German ... crystal structures of Delta class GSTs revealed the amino acid residues involved in pocket formation for the binding of GSH (G-site) and substrate (H-site) [27–29] GSH was surrounded by amino ... BgGSTD1 was consistent with the observation that the GSH-binding and CDNB-binding affinities of BgGSTD1 fell within the ranges determined for other insect Delta class GSTs Further experiments may...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 09:21

... must satisfy restrictions of the null hypothesis, so the Wald statistics should be close to zero Table represents results for Wald tests of both hypotheses testing The p-value (p

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 05:20

... against the possibility of a nonspecific effect of hGSTA4-4 causing the transformation Effect of hGSTA4-4 overexpression in the CCL-75 cell line The effect of hGSTA4-4 overexpression was also ... hGSTA4-4 into smaller rounded immortalized cells which grow rapidly in suspension is surprising but it seems to be consistent with numerous previous studies suggesting that 4-HNE is involved in ... also changes in the homeostasis of 4-HNE and its metabolites that provides the mechanistic basis for the transformation This possibility needs to be explored in future studies Our results show...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 13:20

... observed in the case of CDNB or GSH for any of the isoforms studied On the contrary, the isoforms presented statistically different affinities for the two substrates GSH and CDNB, except in the case of ... studies gave such kinetics constants for GST and none for GSTs from mollusc organisms, the comparison of the kinetic parameters from R decussatus GSTs remained limited Nevertheless, in the marsupial ... GST sequences are from the SWISS-PROT database; M edulis binding protein and mu, alpha, pi GST classes consensus sequences of mammals are from Fitzpatrick et al [28] Species GST 44 GSH binding...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 09:20

... cells With this assay, we determined the effectiveness of a set of antisense PS-ODNs directed against the glutathione S- transferase Mu1 (GSTM1) and Mu2 (GSTM2) isoforms of the rat GSTs play an important ... of antisense effects, it is important that the AS-ODNs and the EGFP-expressing plasmids are transfected into the same cells This was accomplished by the cotransfection of plasmid and AS-ODN By ... expression In these cases, the expression of EGFP without a GSTM fusion was affected to a similar extent as the expression of the targeted proteins Five ODNs (AS-4, AS-12, AS-13, AS-14 and AS-15)...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 15:20

... This initial increase followed by the subsequent decline of several enzymes related to GSH synthesis/homeostasis including GST in COPD as shown in this study and in the previous investigations ... participate in GSH re-synthesis The toxins present in the cigarette smoke can be transported from the cells by GSTs in reactions that consume GSH The expression of GST alpha and pi in induced sputum supernatants ... homeostasis of the lung not increase linearly as the disease progresses and may even be downregulated as the disease progresses to terminal stages [8,20,27] Whether the immunoreactivity of a specific...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... function associations by gender, smoking status, and smoking intensity (pack-years up to baseline and during follow-up in ever smokers), as well as BHR and age, was assessed by including according ... genotype in smokers was assessed by including interaction terms in the models Cumulative cigarette smoking exposure was summarized in two separate variables: "pack-years smoked up to baseline" and ... stress defensive genes including GSTP1 [52] supporting the notion that sex-specific mechanisms in the defense response to oxidative stress exist If confirmed by additional studies, our results...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:20

... 1.5 Staging and treatment 16 1.6 Apoptosis in breast cancer 18 1.6.1 Resisting intrinsic pressures for apoptosis 23 1.6.2 Resisting extrinsic pressures for apoptosis 25 1.6.3 Chemotherapy resistance ... express milk upon stimulation by oxytocin, secreted by the posterior pituitary in response to suckling On weaning, milk secretion stops and the alveolar cells undergo apoptosis; and the rest of the ... occur in some sporadic breast cancers and are frequently associated with familial cancers These proteins involved in DNA repair, also play a role in initiating apoptosis in the presence of excess...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:14

... highest to the lowest as follows: Strategy Class-shifts Intra-system-shifts Structural-shifts Unit-shifts In the data, the strategy “Class-shifts” stays on the first rank by appearing 39 times with ... among these types, which we list as follows: + Class-shifts + Intra-system shifts + Structural shifts + Unit-shifts 21 In summary, the study has focused on the answers to the research questions as ... features of words and phrases in the 14 English translational versions of Trinh Cong Son s songs in contrast to the source texts in Vietnamese Besides, we also stand on the point of view of Catford...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:23

... of their capabilities to inict DNA strand scission in the presence of ascorbate/O2 [192,243] The process was shown to be sensitive to the action of superoxide dismutase or catalase, implicating ... activity was shown to be substantially harassed [317] The sum of these ndings suggests extreme caution in interpreting data obtained with the genetically engineered P45 0s, because changes in the pattern ... reect ring opening of an epoxide intermediate at either of its two C-O bonds [219,220] The sum of these ndings strongly invokes the notion of oxygen activation during redox cycling of the diverse...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... according to the suggestions of the supplier (Amersham Biosciences) Determination of enzyme activity Enzyme activity was determined by using the peroxidasecoupled assay, consisting of 20 mM potassium ... lysate at 13 000 g was used to isolate the proteins on Ni-chelating Sepharose, as described by the supplier of the Sepharose (Amersham Biosciences, Freiburg, Germany) The isolated protein was ... [36] During the course of this work, the structure of dimethylglycine oxidase from A globiformis was published [38] Examination of the structure shows that the serine side-chain, corresponding to...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20