detection signal transduction and cell cycle checkpoints

... UNIT 15 Cell Cycle Checkpoints and Cancer Mikhail V Blagosklonny Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A LANDES BIOSCIENCE GEORGETOWN, TEXAS U.S.A EUREKAH.COM AUSTIN, TEXAS U.S.A CELL CYCLE CHECKPOINTS AND CANCER ... 1-58706-067-1 (alk paper) Cancer cells Regulation Cell cycle Cellular signal transduction Cell transformation Carcinogenesis [DNLM: Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell Cycle QZ 202 C39253 2001] I ... Protein and mRNA during the Cell Cycle 126 Subcellular Localization 127 Activity at Cell Cycle Checkpoints 129 Interactions with Cell Cycle Proteins 130 Transcription of Cell...

Ngày tải lên: 10/04/2014, 11:13

... cyclins that are specific for the different phases of the cell cycle and determine the targets of the kinases Exit from each phase of the cell cycle occurs on degradation of the bound cyclin The CDK-cyclin ... real issues and may mask the limitations of individual experimental approaches and impede productive scientific communication References Mazia D: The chromosome cycle and the centrosome cycle in ... together or that keep the cell in mitosis (these include securin and cyclin B; Figure  1) The APC is activated by an activator protein, Cdc20, and if Cdc20 is depleted, the cell arrests in mitosis...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 19:21

... Senescence and Cell Cycle Control 259 eliminates telomere-mediated signaling, allowing cells to undergo transformation in response to Ras activation Interestingly, human mammary epithelial cells seem ... in cultured mouse cells p19ARF is predominantly upregulated during senescence by oncogene activation and/ or oxidative stress Senescence and Cell Cycle Control 265 In human cells undergoing replicative ... (1995) The role of Rb in cell cycle control Prog Cell Cycle Res 1:9–19 268 H Kiyokawa Hayflick L, Moorhead PS (1961) The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains Exp Cell Res 25:585–621 Herbig...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20

... of Signal Pathways 115 Structure of Signaling Pathways 117 The Mechanisms of Intercellular Communication 117 Principles of Intracellular Signal Transduction 119 Components of Intracellular Signal ... Receptor 135 Signal Amplification 139 Regulation of Inter- and Intracellular Signaling 141 Membrane Anchoring and Signal Transduction 142 Myristoylation 144 Palmitoylation 145 Farnesylation and Geranylation ... Mechanisms 433 Critical Cell Cycle Events and Cell Cycle Transitions 434 Key Elements of the Cell Cycle Apparatus 434 Cyclin-dependent Protein Kinases, CDKs 435 Structure of CDKs and Regulation by...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:41

... CONTENTS 10 Mast Cell- Related Diseases: Genetics, Signaling Pathways, and Novel Therapies 307 Michael A Beaven and Thomas R Hundley 11 Rheumatology and Signal Transduction 357 Keith M Hull and Daniel ... 2000; Busse and Lemanske, 2001) Of note, other cell types, such as CD8+ T cells, g/d T cells, eosinophils, and mast cells also produce TH2-type cytokines and enhance airway inflammation and hyperreactivity ... IL-4 and IL-13 deliver the first signal for B cell isotype switching to IgE synthesis, which is followed by a second signal generated via the interaction between T cell CD40 ligand and B cell...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 10:31

... yeasts, cellsize checkpoints apparently operate to coordinate cell growth and cell- cycle progression For Schwann cells, by contrast, extracellular signals that stimulate cell growth, cellcycle ... Schwann cells, and probably many types of mammalian cells, not need and not have cell- size checkpoints Instead, they apparently use extracellular signals to coordinate their growth with cellcycle ... if large and small cells grow and progress through the cell cycle at the same rates (after Brooks [10]) The initial division is unequal and produces one cell of 10 mass units and one cell of mass...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:20

... alternation in cell cycle progression to the proliferation of viruses HTLV-1 and/ or Tax-expressing cells have altered expression of some cell cycle- associated genes and accelerate cell cycle progression ... dysregulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins is considered to promote cell cycle progression and overcome cellular checkpoints Tax activates the expression of cyclin D2, cyclin E, CDK2, and CDK4 and the ... Cell cycle analysis of cells treated with or without drugs Cell cycle analysis of cells treated with or without drugs For fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, both untreated and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... rRNA Gluconeogenesis processing Stress TCA sub -cycle cell- cycle (G1) cell cycle G2/M cell cycle; M/G1 TCA Cell cycle Cell cycle Cell cycle sub -cycle (G1) (G2/M) (M/G1) Figure (see legend on previous ... of the basic cell cycle machinery in spore germination We used two cell cycle markers, the septin Cdc10 and the cyclin Clb2, to follow the timing and involvement of the mitotic cell cycle machinery ... are co-regulated during the mitotic cell cycle (Figure 6) Glucose induces events related to the cell cycle and advances the time of entering into the cell cycle upon subsequent transfer to rich...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... novel E2F-responsive and TRIP-Brregulated gene 88 FIGURE 19A: Cell cycle analysis of U2OS cells at 48 hours postdecoy peptide treatment 92 FIGURE 19B: Cell cycle analysis of U2OS cells at 72 hours ... (RT-PCR) 2.20 Cell Proliferation Assays 46 2.21 Determination of Cell Number 47 2.22 Colony Formation Assay 48 2.23 Cell Cycle Profile and TUNEL Staining Analyses by 48 Flow Cytometry 2.24 Cell Synchronization ... strains 36 1.6 Tissue culture cell lines 36 2.1 Maintenance and Handling of Tissue Culture Cells 37 2.2 Preparation of Competent Bacterial Cells 37 2.3 Transformation and Maintenance of Plasmid...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:12

... Materials and Methods Chapter 2: Materials and methods 30 Chapter 2: Materials and Methods Chapter 2: Materials and methods 2.1 Routine cell culture of MN9D and SH-SY5Y cell lines The MN9D cell is ... gene and controls the cell cycle, S-phase, indirectly via a cellular cofactor in the murine cell line (Lee et al 1997) and nm23-M2 activates endogenous c-myc expression both at transcriptional and ... well as in many different cell lines cultured in vitro They have demonstrated that both Nurr1 and retinoids promotes cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and induce a mature and highly differentiated...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2015, 17:09

... shown to participate in cell death in response to various cytokine signals, including IFN-cinduced cell death [2], TNF-a and FAS-induced cell death [48], and TGF-b-induced cell death [10] There ... energy source maintaining cell survival, it has been proposed that autophagy can contribute to cell death in a process DAPK and signal transduction termed autophagic (type II) cell death Disturbance ... Autophagy Fig Signalling to DAPK DAPK plays an important role in a diverse range of signal transduction pathways The biological outcome of DAPK activity depends on the input signal and includes cell growth,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 08:20

... anaphase and the movements of ribonucleoprotein Exp Cell Res 8, 181–187 Porter K, Prescott D & Frye J (1973) Changes in surface morphology of Chinese hamster ovary cells during the cell cycle J Cell ... intracellular content or deplete cellular DNA [47], or that blebbing may be a way of shedding membrane to attract macrophages to the site of cell death [61] or signal extrusion by neighbouring cells ... cortex in cell blebs J Cell Biol 175, 477–490 Bereiter-Hahn J, Luck M, Miebach T, Stelzer HK & Voth M (1990) Spreading of trypsinized cells: cytoskeletal dynamics and energy requirements J Cell Sci...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 08:20

... Ottosson and Wang, 2000; Tjhung, Xue, Dai, Wong and He, 2002; Singh, Kumari, Mallik and Jamuar, 2002; Mallik, Singh and Kumari, 2003; Liu and Li, 1999] It is not used in TDMA and FDMA as signal detection ... years [Li, Winters and Sollenberger, 2002; Zeng and Ng, 2004; Shin, Lee and Lee, 2004; Barhumi, Leus and Moonen, 2003; Li and Cao, 2005; Leus and Moonen, 2003; Luise, Reggiannini and Vitetta, 1998; ... in [Inouye and Hirano, 1997; Tugnait, 1997; Thirion-Moreau and Moreau, 2002; Tugnait, 1998; Giannakis, Inouye and Mendel, 1989; Shen and Ding, 2000; Zhu, Ding and Cao, 1999; Tugnait and Huang,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2012, 11:36

... for controlling cell cycle progression (Morgan 1997; Zachariae and Nasmyth 1999) These studies and others demonstrated the universality of the cell Modeling Cell Cycle Control and Cancer with ... cell cycle machinery and the pRB and p53 tumor suppressor pathways The universality of the cell cycle in all eukaryotes strongly suggested that anticancer therapy aimed at regulators of the cell ... S-phase entry and cell cycle progression Overexpression of D- and E-type cyclins and Cdk4 is observed frequently in human tumors (see Sect 5), supporting the notion that these cell cycle regulators...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20

... most cell cycle responses While each single pocket protein can mediate cell cycle arrest upon cell- cell contact, pRb is the critical mediator of cell cycle arrest upon growth factor deprivation and ... genes and ultimately in a cell cycle arrest or exit from the cell cycle (see Fig 1) Thus, pRb can be viewed as a molecular cell cycle switch that is either turned on by growth-inhibiting signals ... delayed cell cycle exit of double knockout cells may indicate that oncogenic signals can induce a bypass of differentiation more easily in cells that lack both Rb and p107 or Rb and p130 In cells...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20

... mutant cells have been analysed phase of the cell- division cycle Therefore, we tested, using light microscopy and after DAPI staining, whether the slow growth yields a cell- cycle phenotype Cells ... the cell cycle and highly resistant to proteolytic degradation [40] Miscellaneous procedures Yeast were grown on standard media [41] and transformed as described by Gietz et al [42] Microscopy and ... in cell- cycle progression Yeast cells deprived of RIO1 lose minichromosomes at an increased rate relative to wild-type and arrest either as large G1 cells (i.e late in the G1 phase of the cell- division...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... Amplification and control of B cell antigen receptor signaling M Reth and Y Kulathu Institute for Biology III and Max-Planck-Institute for Immunobiology, Freiburg, Germany E-mail: reth@immunbio.mpg.de Signal ... multi-cellular eukaryotes, whose main role is to control 1.5 Signaling and Cancer: Nuclear Receptor Connection S1.5-1 Androgen action and prostate carcinogenesis F Saatcioglu ¸ ˘ Division of Cellular ... to the proliferation, differentiation and survival of effector CD8 T cells, involving ERK, STAT5 and NF-kB signaling pathways, respectively 1.3 Rhythmic Signals: The Setting of Biological Time...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... vesicles are cholesterol-enriched and contain raft-marker proteins and some T -cell signalling molecules Fig BCh binds to lipid rafts in Jurkat cells BCh-bound Jurkat cells (1 · 107) were treated with ... ‘off’ state of T -cell signalling Taken together, the BCh-bound cholesterol-enriched subpopulation contains both activator and inhibitor molecules for TCR signal transduction, and is likely to ... and Csk, which negatively control TCR signalling, were found in BCh-bound membranes (Fig 3C) Thus, molecules participating in T -cell signalling exhibit clear localizations between BCh-bound and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 03:20

... down-regulated upon cell cycle exit To this effect, HFF cells were deprived of serum for 48 h to induce cell cycle exit Serum was then re-added and samples taken as cells progressed into the cell cycle Total ... proliferating cells [17] Cells cease to proliferate and exit the cell cycle (G0 phase) in response to growth arrest and differentiation signals or when deprived of growth factors The vast majority of cells ... tumor cell lines and compare them to primary cells Cellular lysates were prepared from human foreskin fibroblasts, a primary cell line, and the tumorigenic cell lines Saos, MDAMB231, MCF7, HeLa and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20