design surface variation on the mm level

... is the O Auger line of oxide interface states from the condition of the surface produced by H termination The simplest situation for the H-terminated surface would be complete passivation of surface ... (including the “poisoning” of the clean -surface bands produced by the × reconstruction) [2,3] If one adopts this model, then the evolution of sheet resistance plots the re-oxidation rate, and ... interaction between the surface bands produced by the × reconstruction and the “bulk bands” in the membrane A thermally activated charge transfer between the bulk and surface bands, called “surface...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... reduction of the surface conductivity of the CNTs due to the oxidation process [8], and is similar for all the functionalized composites Further, the increase of surface area due to the functionalization ... the nanocomposites prepared with the different functionalized CNTs The reduction of the electrical surface conductivity of the CNT due to the oxidation process, together with an increase of the ... functionalization treatment certainly causes surface defects on the CNTs that also reduced electrical conductivity The increase of agglomerations for the treated samples should not have, on the other hand,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 04:20

... all the emission wavelengths) for the two samples are shown in the Table We note that by studying the decays at the different emission wavelengths (corresponding to the three transitions) the ... from the blue to the red side of the whole emission spectrum Moreover, the nonexponential decay can be neither due to Auger recombination, as the experiment is performed in a low excitation regime, ... model (Fig 2B) By considering only thermal population effects in the range of 15–60 K, we have imposed and solved a set of rate equations The solutions gave us the expressions for the intensities...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 18:20

... analogous conditions for other elements of the group and to certain subgroups In Section we recall some notation along with the basic construction of the Leech lattice and the group ·0 In Section we ... have described the Curtis form of the MOG To obtain the Conway form of the MOG, also commonly found in the literature, one need only swap over the rightmost two columns the electronic journal of ... in the λ position in the ith column and zeros in the other three positions, or we may complement this and place in the λth position and 1s in the other three positions We this for each of the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 11:20

... mangroves on intertidal mudflats: habitat restoration or habitat conversion In Proceedings of the ECOTONE VIII seminar enhancing coastal ecosystems restoration for the 21st century, Ranong, Thailand ... and management actions: The southern California experience in long-term monitoring Marine pollution bulletin, 59(4), 91-100 Stevenson, N J (1997) Disused Shrimp Ponds: Options for Redevelopment ... the tropical seascape: interactions, substitutions and restoration Ocean & Coastal Management, 46(1), 2746 Montoya, D., Rogers, L., & Memmott, J (2012) Emerging perspectives in the restoration...

Ngày tải lên: 22/09/2015, 15:19

... component of mangrove 71 rehabilitation approaches This thesis has provided evidence that surface elevation and its control on inundation hydroperiod has influences on the establishment, colonisation, ... identification of unfavourable environmental conditions towards natural establishment and colonisation, and (ii) immediate implementation of mid-course corrective actions to mitigate these issues 5.6 Conclusions ... arguably, they can only survive and develop at optimal inundation durations upon successful establishment It highlights the need for rehabilitation planners and practitioners to alter surface elevations...

Ngày tải lên: 22/09/2015, 15:19

... exhibited more variation in mean cumulative stem height across time and inundation treatments The shorter the inundation duration, the longer the final stem length in the 11th week Inundation treatment ... response of wetland plants to prolonged inundation (Jackson & Drew, 1984) Stem elongation represents plants adapting to prolonged inundation conditions through shifting biomass accumulation from ... upright position under natural conditions (Tomlinson, 1986) Propagules may establish on their sides and later, develop lateral roots that exhibit differential elongation to then allow the rooting...

Ngày tải lên: 22/09/2015, 15:19

... elevation survey was conducted to measure changes in surface elevation of regraded areas Then, a second survey was conducted to measure the surface elevation at which mangrove vegetation had ... compared to the lower elevations found in the middle of ponds Higher surface elevations around the pond perimeters relates to a lower inundation hydroperiod Inundation hydroperiod encompasses the frequency ... mangrove communities more than 80 years ago (Watson, 1928) The distribution of mangrove communities could be delineated based on their tidal regime, surface elevation and inundation frequency...

Ngày tải lên: 22/09/2015, 15:19

... 2.2.1 The evolution of coastal wetlands restoration Early coastal wetland restoration efforts focused on mitigating problems in isolation, without consideration for the connectivity of the ecosystem ... inundation periods, and hence surface elevations The general relationship between inundation durations and physiological functioning of mangroves is that prolonged inundation (from low surface ... appropriate surface elevations This further prevents the conversion of inappropriate habitats (e.g mudflats, sand flats and seagrass beds), where elevation is commonly too low and where the coast...

Ngày tải lên: 22/09/2015, 15:19

... regime in the abandoned ponds to study the effects of inundation and (ii) surface elevation – regrading the site to study the effects of differing surface elevations relative to sea level The above ... is to contribute to the understanding of hydrologic management in the success of mangrove rehabilitation projects The focus is on how surface elevation and tidal inundation influences the establishment, ... Through secondary succession, degraded ecosystems can be rehabilitated to the pre-existing functional condition Mangrove rehabilitation may: (i) occur naturally through secondary succession with...

Ngày tải lên: 22/09/2015, 15:19

... and colonisation 5.4.2 Implement mid-course corrections 74 5.4.3 Long-term monitoring of recovery trajectory 74 5.5 Conclusions 75 References 76 v Summary Human exploitation and conversion of ... Discussion 57 58 4.4.1 Impacts of prolonged inundation on seedling survival 58 4.4.2 Impacts of prolonged inundation on seedling growth 61 4.4.3 Interactions between inundation and other physical ... is to contribute to the understanding of hydrologic management in the success of mangrove rehabilitation projects The focus is on how tidal inundation and surface elevations influences the establishment,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/09/2015, 15:19

... the expression level for the same gene in the control group when using the lowest concentration, whereas there was no decrease in the expression was recorded when using the other concentrations ... quantity The effect of RNAi was only observed on the gene expression level and there was no alteration noticed on the phenotype or the pest movement This is due to the presence of the other sugar ... effects on the expression level of Ap_ST1 The effect of RNAi was monitored during seven days by determining the level of mRNA using qRT-PCR Clearly, there is a decrease in the expression level of the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2015, 00:04

... Charleston 1980 b, Geden et al 1990) The seasonal variation in the frequency of light flecks and spots show a pattern that can be related to the variation in the lice population during the year The ... main group before the start of the lice eradication programme The herds The selection criteria, the prevalence of lice in the herds and the clinical examination procedure used in the herds are described ... and the back This distribution corresponded well with the predilection sites for lice (Chalmers & Charleston 1980 a, DeVaney et al Table Seasonal variations in the frequency of damaged hides Months...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20

... shows the variation of global solar radiation and the ambient temperature for the months of January to June Figure shows the variation of global solar radiation and the ambient temperature for the ... natural convection are limited Thus, heat transfer between the hot saline water bed and the condensation surface in every stage is mainly conveyed by evaporation and condensation process [18] The ... evaporator and condenser surfaces One such unit is called as a stage The multi-stage desalination system consists of Ns number of such stages stacked one over the other The condenser surface of bottom...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... Summary of major findings 3.3 Discussion of major findings 3.4 Summary Part III: CONCLUSION Summary of previous parts Conclusions Implications of the study Limitations and suggestions for further ... the research questions Part III is the Conclusion that summarizes the major findings, presents the implications and limitations of the study and gives some suggestions for further research PART ... Beyond the word’s definition as given in a dictionary, meaning also encompasses connotation and synonyms Using the word requires an understanding of appropriate grammatical function, common collocations,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 14:03

... reading V DESIGN OF THE STUDY: The study is arranged in parts: Part one is mainly concerned with the introduction which includes the rationale, the design, the aims and the scope of the study ... Reading section: there are 100 reading questions, consisting three types of questions You will read a variety of materials and respond at your own pace to questions based on the content of the materials ... TOEIC Second Edition is designed for beginning level students of English as an introduction to the TOEIC Each of the twelve units deals with one of the main grammatical points seen in the TOEIC...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:53

... nucleolin is present on the surface of a variety of cell lines [42,48,52,55,56] and on the surface of endothelial cells [57,58] To address whether nucleo4674 lin is also present on the surface of developing ... classic secretion signal and it is therefore not known how it reaches the cell surface The clustering of nucleolin on cell surfaces is nonetheless dependent on an intact actin cytoskeleton, to which ... demonstrated that these two RPTPs are critical for the generation of a branched innervation pattern in the diaphragm, and subsequent motor neuron survival [34] In the chick embryo, there is strong...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 05:20

... discussion with participants The first part of the session was oriented toward gathering views from the participants on the four dimensions The second part of the session concentrated on interventions ... recalled the historic 1987 report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future, with the observation, “One of the key questions before the international community ... SecretaryGeneral for onward distribution to member states; Convening a Commission to elaborate the dimensions of the proposed new economic paradigm, for consideration by the 68th Session of the UN General...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 19:20

... of the High -Level Group on supervision The Members of the Group support all the recommendations However, they not necessarily agree on all the detailed points made in the report INTRODUCTION ... should avoid in the future legislation that permits inconsistent transposition and application; - the Commission and the level Committees should identify those national exceptions, the removal of ... effect, the level committees will examine the differences that exist and propose to the Commission new or further developments of level and level rules (e.g harmonisation of the sanctions regimes,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... connects the needs of the customer to the needs of the manufacturer and the loop on the left connects the needs of society to the needs of the manufacturer A necessary but not suf®cient condition for ... for interior noise The target speci®cation, gT, in Taguchi's model is the attribute level for the minimum in the loss function The target speci®cation in the S-model is the level that maximizes ... The demand curves for the simulated purchase of a lottery taking the course as part of a continuing education pro- ticket H E Cook, A Wu: On the valuation of goods and selection of the best design...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20