design of evolutionary algorithms a statistical perspective

... (1999) Towards an agent-based foundation of financial econometrics: an approach based on genetic-programming artificial markets In: Banzhaf W, Daida J, Eiben A, Garzon M, Honovae V, Jakiela M, Smith ... [121] Marshall A, Olkin I (1967) A multivariate exponential distribution Journal of the American Statistical Association 62(317):30-44 [122] Mashal R, Naldi M, Tejwani G (2004) The implications of ... Piterbag V, Andersen LBG (2005) A new framework for dynamic credit portfolio loss modelling Working paper, Royal Bank of Scotland and Barclay’s Capital and Bank of America [161] Sklar A (1959)

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 19:20

... existence of a "vital force", an elusive entity designated Qi in China, "Ki" in Korea and Japan, prana in India, vital... Alternative Care (Landmark Healthcare, Inc., California; and Inter Active ... AM has created the potential for substantial financial gain, but realizing a quick "payoff" may also yield research of poor quality, and perpetuate research only aimed at narrowly evaluating ... National Institutes of Health, 1995) 6 MacLennan A. H., Wilson D.H and Taylor A. W Prevalence and cost of alternative medicine in Australia... trend of increasing use of AM that was

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... ended EA. Statistical analysis The age of the participants was presented as mean and standard deviation (SD). The data of the assessed EST and EPT were ordinal and hence presented as the med- ian, ... The individual variation was apparent in both women and men but larger in women. For statistical analysis of the variability for both group and individual related effects, the rank-based method ... outcome variable and the statistical method for evaluation could also be sources of variability. When pain is regarded as subjective, the produced data should be treated as ordinal. The rank-based method

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 14:20

... (car, train/metro, bus/tram, airplane and recreational navigation) Travel purpose (commuting, business, other) Time -of- day (peak, off-peak) Presence of transfers (public transport only)  All ... Note: all values are rounded off to the nearest multiple of € 0.25 26 Recommended reliability ratios  Reliability ratio (RR) = value of standard deviation of travel time/ VTT  Car, train, ... 2011 data  Socio-economic interaction effects and the effect of the base time and cost levels as well as of changes in time and cost offered in the SP are estimated on 2009 and 2011  Also: latent

Ngày tải lên: 07/12/2015, 14:29

... Maharishi University of Management as a model for spirituality in management education Journal of Management Education, 24: 580–611 Schrank, R (1998) Wasn’t That A Time: Growing Up Radical and ... Concepts of organizational culture and organizational analysis Administrative Science Quarterly, 29: 339–58 Smircich, L and Morgan, G (1982) Leadership: the management of meaning Journal of Applied ... critical perspective in the field of leadership studies Concluding with a new approach that offers an alternative to the dominant transformational model, The Dark Side of Transformational Leadership

Ngày tải lên: 08/12/2016, 09:16

... material and some years ago its disappearance as a structural material was being predicted The fact that this has not happened is a result of the inherent advantages of brickwork and the design of ... distributed load on a floor slab partial safety factor for permanent actions partial safety factor for variable actions partial safety factor for prestressing partial safety factor for steel shape factor ... point of application of a lateral load stiffness coefficient multiplication factor for lateral strength of axially loaded walls length span in accidental damage calculation bending moment due to design

Ngày tải lên: 30/04/2018, 09:03

... American Association of State Highway and Transportation Olficials (AASHTO), Washington, DC, 1998, 1A Manuat of Railway Engineering, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance -of- Way Association ... reinforcing bars A, = gross area Ay = total area of reinforeing bars P = axial load Then P SA, + (Âu = CA, + HA, or P= f (A, + nAy) 7) ‘The term A, + nA, can be interpreted as the area of a fictitious ... The bulk of the material consists of fine and coarse aggregate, Cement and water interact chemically to bind the aggregate par- ticles into a solid mass Additional water, over and above that needed

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2018, 09:16

... such as loam, clay, silt, and organic matter that may weaken the bond with cement paste; and that no unfavorable chemical reaction takes place between it and the cement Natural aggregates are ... complete hydration of a given amount of cement, an amount of water equal to about 25 percent of that of cement, by weight—i.e., a water-cement ratio of 0.25— is needed chemically An additional amount ... generally classified as fine and coarse Fine aggregate (typically natural any material that will pas a No sieve, ie., a sieve with four openings per linear inch Material coarser than this is classified

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2018, 09:16

... ratio and the strengths of the materials and is easily tabulated Tables A. 5a and A. 5b of Appendix A give R values for ordinary combinations of steel and concrete and the full practical range of ... cross section about neutral axis +b = width of beam at a given point (d) The intensity of shear along a vertical cross section in a rectangular beam varies as the ordinates of a parabola, the intensity ... distribution at ultimate load, Text (© The Meant Companies, 204 FLEXURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BEAMS, 73 making this strength larger by an appropriate amount than the largest loads that can be expected

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2018, 09:16

... Meant Companies, 204 SHEAR AND DIAGONAL TENSION IN BEAMS INTRODUCTION Chapter dealt with the flexural behavior and flexural strength of beams Beams must also have an adequate safety margin against ... critical ‘combinations of shear and ‘moment, Small V Large M _——¬ Large V tare] Large Sra V 119 Large V' Small M — Wedd ae | Small V Large M Large V Large V Large M Small M Large V ‘Small M value, which ... 4.3 and c, are inclined at about 45° and are numerically equal to the shear stresses, with a maximum at the neutral axis Consequently, diagonal cracks form mostly at or near the neutral axis and

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2018, 09:16

... moment at a section nearer midspan, which may be much larger Furthermore, the actual moment diagram may differ from that used as a design basis, due to approximation of the real loads, approximations ... underestimates the actual value of bond strength and makes it appear that a lower value off căn be used safely An Trang 10 Bond, Anchorage, and | Text Development Length (© The Metra Caopanies, ... local variations of bond force caused by flexural and diagonal cracks (see Figs 5.4 and 5.5), it becomes clear that local bond failures imme- diately adjacent to cracks will often occur at loads

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2018, 09:16

... width of cracks increase, and at service load level a maximum width of crack of about 0.016 in is typical Ifloads are further increased, crack widths increase further, although the number of cracks ... cracks can exist at service loads In the region of flexural cracks, the position of the neutral axis varies: directly at each crack it is located at the level calculated for the cracked transformed ... Commentary are satisfactory for ordinary beams and one-way slabs, but may result in underestimation of time-dependent deflections of two-way slabs, for which Branson has suggested a five-year value of

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2018, 09:16

... resistance of the concrete, a crack forms at some accidentally weaker location and spreads immediately across the beam, The value of torque corresponding to the formation of this diagonal crack ... Using a value of one-fourth for a member with a width-to-depth ratio of 0.5 yields a value of A, approximately equal to} A, , For the same member, f = $ Ace Pep Using these values for A, and in ... equilibrium of a section of the vertical wall—with one edge parallel to a torsional crack with angle -—can be evaluated using Fig 7.84 Assuming that the s crack are yielding, the shear in the wall under

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2018, 09:16

... so arranged that every comer and alternate longitudinal bar shall have lateral support provided by the corner of a tie having an included angle of not more than 135°, and no bar shall be farther ... For any eccentricity, there is a unique pair of values of P, and M, that will produce the state of incipient failure That pair of values can be plotted as a point on a graph relating P, and M,, ... contributions of the two components of the column, At this stage, the steel carries a significantly larger fraction of the load than was the case at lower total load, The calculation of the nominal strength

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2018, 09:16

... a sidesway mode are always considerably weaker than when braced against sidesway Again, the ends of columns in actual structures are rarely either hinged, fixed, or entirely free but are usually ... between /'2 and /, depending on the degree of end restraint The effective lengths of columns that are not braced against sidesway or that are parts of frames not so braced are always larger than /, ... more so the smaller the end restraint, In consequence, the buckling load of a frame not braced against sidesway is always substantially smaller than that of the same frame when braced 93 COMPRESSION

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2018, 09:16

... width of a tie may be taken as the diameter of the largest bars in the tie plus twice the cover to the surface of the bars Alternatively, the width of a tie may be taken as the width of the anchor ... adequate Design ties and anchorage ‘The tie design consists of three steps, selection of the area of steel, design of the anchorage, and validation that the tie fits within the available tie ... auxiliary 1.86 in? Kan! must have an area = 2,28 in? and a 90° hook or mechanieal anchor at node If Jnforcement may be udded, design capacities are summarized in Table 10.4 All exceed the applied

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2018, 09:16

... two-thirds of the effective depth adjacent to and parallel to A, This requirement is more clearly stated as follows: sTups having area A, (see Fig 1 A, >=0 5A, and Ay g 1A9 ) EXAMPLE 11.5 Design of ... total area Aj, distributed appropriately through the bracket depth, and framing bars in a vertical plane near the outer face, Select appropriate concrete dimen- sions, and design and detail all ... sustain strength under reversals of deformation into the inelastic range as in earthquakes, represent a separate category and are covered in Chapter 20 Brackets and corbels, although they are

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2018, 09:16

... approximate analysis would be satisfactory for design in many cases; if a more exact analysis is to be made, a valuable check is available on the magnitude of results A specialization of the approximate ... wal Shear at all other supports ? = tonal factored load per unit length of beam of per unit area of ska J, = clear span for positive moment and shear and the average of the two adjacent clear ... Indeterminate Beams and Companies, 204 Frames ANALYSIS OF INDETERMINATE BEAMS AND FRAMES 379 a value of 1.0 for another, and a value of 0.5 for yet another Once the forces have been alculated for each combination,

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2018, 09:16

...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 14:20

... in a substantial improvement in one or more of the above areas. Other obstacles are a lack of CAD tools and strategies and a lack of tools for testing and test vector generation. Research in asynchronous ... implementation of a 4-phase bundled-data latch, fig- ure 2.11 shows the implementation of a 2-phase bundled-data latch, and figures 2.12 – 2.13 show the implementation of a 4-phase dual-rail latch. Function ... Safety-Critical Applications The development of strategies for power-efficient assignment of safety critical mechanisms to hardware or software The design and implementation of a low-power, safety-critical ASIP,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/12/2013, 21:15