design of an orthotropic plate box girder bridge

... middle bottom flange 133 6.32 Design of two-span continuous bridge a) Conventional design T1; b) Design T2; c) Proposed bridge design T3 136 6.33 Design of closed-rectangular brdige by ... with the design of steel box girder They are discussion of stability design during up-down construction and the optimization of section steel box girder due to remarkable distribution of bending ... of the structural characteristics of the bridge system It has been researched, developed, and applied over 200 bridges for prestressed concrete bridges, preflex bridges and steel box- girder bridges...

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 06:40

... Carbon cycle analysis of DME and FTD designs 68  Figure 27: Mass and energy flow of DME design and FTD design 69  List of Tables Table 1: Bleaching chemicals for ECF and TCF bleaching ... synthesis and the effectiveness of wet and dry gas cleaning methods [79] 33 Table 6: Contaminant specification for cobalt FT synthesis, and cleaning effectiveness of wet and dry gas cleaning [79] ... ton of debarked logs of energy, while ring style debarkers use approx 0.025 GJ per ton of debarked logs [10] A Cradle Debarker has an electricity demand of 90 kWh and can debark 120 cords an hour...

Ngày tải lên: 26/02/2014, 14:20

... the presence of lipid vesicles that mimicked membranes of E coli A standard toxicity assay showed that AP1 inactivated the organism, and the use of Antimicrobial properties of an anionic a-helical ... susceptibility of E coli model membranes to the action of AP1 An important determinant of the susceptibility of membranes to a-AMPs is the packing characteristics of the individual membrane lipids ... presence of AP1 caused no apparent shift in the temperature range of these phase transitions but, over this temperature range, induced a signicant decrease in the membrane uidity of E coli membranes...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... For example, an SNR of 36 (15.6 dB) is required to achieve a BER of 10−9 2.5 Channel Bandwidth The bandwidth of the indoor channel is computed from the Fourier transform of the channel impulse ... channels,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol 50, no 5, pp 759–765, 2002 J.-L Tang, P C Jui, and S C Wang, “Simulation and design of omni-directional high-speed multi-beam transmitter ... uniform and full coverage of power distributions and this can be achieved by modifying some key parameters of the multibeam transmitter, such as the number of transmitters, elevation and azimuth angle,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... performance of CSMA protocols are mainly affected by the hidden node problem and the amount of data transmitted by nodes to the CHs First of all, we want to point out that the random changing of the ... volcanic site, or structural monitoring of buildings, by means of samples captured by nodes randomly and uniformly distributed Samples are then transmitted to a sink with a selforganizing and ... the noise figure F of the receiver, that is, N0 = KB FT0 , z Pep = (iii) S is a Gaussian random variable, with variance σ and zero mean Peb = erfc where KB is Boltzmann’s constant and T0 = 290 K...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 00:20

... medium-span (30 to 60 m) bridges, and steel box girders with orthotropic decks are often used for longer-span bridges This chapter will focus on straight steel–concrete composite box- girder bridges ... Design Example Two-Span Continuous Box- Girder bridge Given A two-span continuous composite box- girder bridge that has two equal spans of 45 m The superstructure is 13.2 m wide The elevation and ... steel box girder bridges, J Struct Div ASCE, 97(ST4), 1971 Heins, C P., Box girder bridge design — state of the art, AISC Eng J., 15(4), 126, 1978 Heins, C P., Steel box girder bridges — design...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2014, 12:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 19:15

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 09:15

... instability of arches Bridge over Sungai Dinding Bridge over Sungai Dinding: balanced cantilever construction of arch Bridge over Sungai Dinding: span-by-span erection of arches Construction of Krk Bridge ... best use of standard bar lengths and minimise waste What an engineering designer cannot and retain the integrity of his design is to fly in the face of rationality and economy, and design a heavily ... an intuitive understanding of the behaviour of structures, a thorough understanding of the nature of the various building materials, and an appreciation of the appearance of their structures...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20

... presentation of ideas and bemoans the ineptitude of most scientific presentations He elaborates on the weakness of many of today’s management approaches, as well as on the failure of many technologies ... images at an early age and still remember with some affection the magic of Rupert Bear, and excitement of Dan Dare, Superman, Batman and more The education process was relentless, and soon I ... practices, and managers to grow up Of course, many people are unable to apply remote working to any element of their job, so the overall change and impact is ultimately limited In every field of transport...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:07

... several candidates for 'handling instance' on Domain Spotter's candidate list, the Dialogue Manager, in the system's next turn, will prompt the user to choose one of them (and, of course, accept any ... Now the role of the instances becomes more important In the prototype system the instances contain, as one of their attributes, specific details of the service they offer: in the case of a Travel ... further the evolution of a typical transaction However, for the enquiry to stand any chance o f reaching a successful conclusion, it must eventually be processed by an instance of a class (in object-oriented...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

... architecture and mode of operation Section four constitutes the core of the paper and presents the design requirements, knowledge bases and reasoning algorithms of the verb expert together with an example ... deals with the relevance of the present proposal both in the framework of linguistic studies on verb generation and of intelligent tutoring systems for language teaching cians and people interested ... GENERATION PROBLEM An important part of the meaning of a sentence is constituted by temporal information Every complete sentence must contain a main verb and this verb, in all IndoEuropean languages,...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20

... mountain, and this is the answer that I received "The sacred mountains are five in number: Hengshan, Changshan, Huashan, Taishan, and Sungshan, with Taishan leading in rank and Sungshan in the ... with two of them Our landmarks are our lake and our wall, and both of them are the result of the superstition and mythology of ancient times When our ancestors arrived in the valley of Cho they ... The palanquins and carriages of the nobility moved grandly through the streets, and men and women laughed and wept in open-air theatres, and gamblers screamed and swore around dice games and cricket...

Ngày tải lên: 30/05/2014, 23:29

... frame format and time sequence of diverse nature in an independent manner Note that the introduction of the fuzzy-logic techniques does not change the energy-consumption performance of the depicted ... Validation and Performance Evaluation The performance of the previously studied DQ-MAC energy-efficiency analysis is validated first with an analytical representation of the proposed model and thereafter ... article/zhang94performance.html [19] B Bougard, F Catthoor, D C Daly, A Chandrakasan, and W Dehaene, “Energy efficiency of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard in dense wireless microsensor networks: modeling and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... algorithms and middleware platforms and improve flexibility (iii) Design of a framework determines its performance and applicability The design of key modules and entities of the resource management ... adaptive resource management It is easier to design, analyze, and implement centralized adaptive resource management algorithms that manage an entire system than it is to design, analyze, and implement ... DSML and a suite of analysis and system QoS configuration tools and enables composition, schedulability analysis, and assignment of operating system priority for application components Some design- time...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... zero mean Gaussian random variable and its variance is given by σn = Var Z (1) where p(γ) is the probability density function of γ and is given by [30] N −1 nt = (25) Assuming that any bit can be ... the rectangular pulse waveform with unit amplitude and duration τ, ωq and φq are the frequency and random phase of the qth subcarrier, respectively, and c(k) (t) is the spreading sequence of user ... Communications and Networking ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments REFERENCES [1] L Hanzo, L.-L Yang, E.-L Kuan, and K Yen, Single- and Multi-Carrier...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... number of Rx antennas and F is the channel length Traditionally, the implementation of an equalizer in hardware has been one of the most complex tasks for receiver designs In a complete receiver design, ... architecture, and map naturally to real hardware and software components and algorithms The designer should also be able to model other elements that affect baseband performance, channel effects, and timing ... interface and digital baseband together with a DSP core and be packed in a single chip The VLSI design of the physical layer, one of the most challenging parts, will act as an engine instead of a...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... 802.11 standard and not to entirely redesign the standard channel access mechanisms, we tried to find a flexible development platform providing an implementation of the legacy 802.11 standard Unfortunately, ... frame transmission and reception events The firmware was realized in such a way to maintain the maximum possible level of abstraction and to minimize the software redesign in case of change of the ... size of l frames In other words, no more than l consecutive frames can be transmitted before the standard backoff procedure is applied again It is out of the scope of this work to define optimal and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20