design expressions and critical performance parameters for solar cells

... SiNWs after formation of pn junction were slightly curved As mentioned above, we expect the SiNWs solar cells to show improved optical properties compared with conventional planar Si solar cells Fig ... conditions, such as thickness of metal film and SiH4 gas flow The reduction of reflectance is very helpful to improve the solar cell performance Therefore, further reduction of the reflectance will ... SiNWs solar cell Clear rectifying behavior and power generation was distinguished in the cm2 SiNWs solar cell The short circuit current and open circuit voltage were obtained to 2.3 mA/cm2 and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 15:12

... lengths up to 60 km, and the minimum path length is not specified Availability Performance of Hybrid Terrestrial FSO/RF System The availability performances of both FSO links and RF links significantly ... availability performances of the hybrid FSO/RF system can be assessed by diversity EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking Table 1: Availability performances of FSO, RF, and simulated ... precipitation for propagation modelling,” ITU, Geneva, Switzerland, 2009 [18] F Nadeem, E Leitgeb, V Kvicera, M Grabner, M S Awan, and G Kandus, “Simulation and analysis of FSO/RF switch over for different...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... depends less on inertial forces (e.g gravity), and more on surface forces such as surface tensions and free energies, van der Waals forces, capillary forces and electrostatic forces These strong surface ... samples (a) before and (b) after a hour wear test; and samples undergone localized lubrication (c) before and (d) after a hour wear test 76 Figure 4-11: a) SEM and b) EDS mapping for fluorine ... Sinha Kumar and Hugh Spikes, and also to Tom Reddyhoff for their patience and guidance throughout the research and dissertation writing I have been honoured to work with each of you and have learned...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:08

... First and foremost I would like to wholeheartedly thank my supervisors, Professor Andrew Nee Yeh Ching and Associate Professor Jerry Fuh Ying Hsi for their support (morally and academically) and for ... the part; and design optimal draft angles for removing the plastic part easily for the core and cavity Traditionally, plastic parts are designed with general CAD software based on the designer’s ... In this case, the designed plastic part file will be transferred from one format to another, and the design parameters may be lost during file transformation When the mould designer receives...

Ngày tải lên: 15/09/2015, 22:25

... Electric Motor and Gasoline Engine Hybrid Car Using Solar Cells, Solar Energy Material and Solar Cells (47), 1997 [10] Seal M.R (1995), Viking 23 - zero emissions in the city, range and performance ... obtained by other researchers for solar hybrid vehicles [8] Fig – SOLAR FRACTION IN VARIOUS LOCATIONS AND MONTHS (Pav=5 KW, hd=2) 50 Solar Fraction 40 0.04 Solar Hybrid h=1 Solar Hybrid h=10 Commercial ... B and Anderberg M., “PVWATTS – An online performance calculator for Grid-Connected PV Systems”, Proc.of the ASES Solar 2000 Conf., June 16-21, 2000, Madison, WI [21] http://rredc.nrel.gov /solar/ calculators/PVWATTS/...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 10:20

... is a robust and systematic method for extracting as much physiochemical information from the protocol as possible and for quantifying the related parameters There are several in vivo and in vitro ... coefficient and binding rate parameters of biomolecules inside living cells A possible procedure for obtaining unique values for molecular diffusion coefficient and reaction rate parameters of ... Laplace transform of the fluorescent intensity within the bleach spot, Feq and Ceq are equilibrium concentration of F and C, and I1 and K1 are modified Bessel functions of the first and second...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... structuring of polymers and creating distributed structures for quantum dots However, the utilization of the LIL technique for efficient surface antireflection performance for solar devices still ... probability of manufacturing high-efficiency solar cells on a large scale This thesis focuses on broadband enhancement of light absorption for solar cells by silicon surface texturing using laser ... various optical and opto-electronic devices has driven the design and fabrication to achieve excellent anti-reflection performance [1-4] Among the various opto-electronic devices, solar cell has...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 21:23

... pay -for -performance programs have been implemented in the United Kingdom (UK) and the US [7,8] However, research evidence of effectiveness of pay -for -performance programs, particularly randomized ... administrators, and others for information about a clinically relevant intervention in routine practice We are not aware of other ongoing randomized trials of pay for performance directed at physicians and ... pressure control; group arm - 0.02 for process measures and 0.01 for blood pressure control; combined arm - 0.06 for process measures and 0.04 for blood pressure control For a group that includes seven...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:20

... of solar cell designs have already been demonstrated [4], ranging from monocrystalline/multicrystalline solar cells, thin-film solar cells, organic solar cells, tandem cells, concentrator cells ... corresponding solar cell performance is compared to conventional full-area contacted heterojunction silicon wafer solar cells and to conventional diffused solar cells, for both front-emitter and rear-emitter ... thicknesses for the intrinsic aSi:H, µc-Si:H(n) and ZnO:Al are 3, 69 and 142 nm, respectively, for the conductive DBR For the standard case, the thicknesses for a-Si:H(n) and ZnO:Al are 20 and 80...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:15

... DESIGN, ANALYSIS, AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR HANDSHAKING BASED MAC PROTOCOLS IN UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC NETWORKS NG HAI HENG (B.Eng (Hons), MMU ) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE ... successful handshake In general, any handshaking-based protocol design should also consider the narrow bandwidth and low data rate characteristics; thus, a single-channel MAC design is desired, and the ... existing terrestrial MAC protocols for underwater Shahabudeen and Chitre [28] study the performance of both Aloha and handshaking-based protocols, along with orthogonal and non-orthogonal physical layer...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 18:49

... system design parameters PIBEP and TH PIBEO for QPSK with p = 5, m = 23, n = 28 137 6.10 Optimum IBEO performance for BPSK with p = 5, m = 23 141 6.11 Optimum IBEO performance for ... framework This makes cross layer performance analysis and cross layer design difficult Therefore, new physical layer performance measures are needed for higher layer performance analysis In this chapter, ... several layers for design and performance analysis In this thesis, we consider the physical layer and and the data link layer The commonly used physical layer performance measures for fading channels...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:51

... Tradeoff between performance and interference for slotted CR-ALOHA 85 4.14 Tradeoff between performance and interference for CR-CSMA 86 4.15 Tradeoff between performance and agility for slotted ... mechanisms for SUs, namely, VX, VAC, and KS Considering the case of one PU band and one SU, they investigated the capacity of SUs and derived the closed-form expressions of performance metrics for each ... 4.5.1 Performance of slotted CR-ALOHA 76 4.5.2 Performance of CR-CSMA 81 4.5.3 Tradeoff between Performance and Interference 83 4.5.4 Tradeoff between Performance...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:53

... electrical parameters of solar cells, are used for the design optimization and long-term performance evaluation of photovoltaic devices and modules The knowledge of the illuminated cell parameters ... consumption and the ability to fabricate the solar cells on inexpensive, large-area foreign substrates and to monolithically series-connect the fabricated solar cells [3] Thin-film solar cells are ... characterization parameters and I-V measurement methods for solar cells/ modules _ I-V characterization of Solar cells 2.1.1 Equivalent circuit and characteristic equation of a solar cell The electrically...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2015, 15:45

... electrical parameters of solar cells, are used for the design optimization and long-term performance evaluation of photovoltaic devices and modules The knowledge of the illuminated cell parameters ... consumption and the ability to fabricate the solar cells on inexpensive, large-area foreign substrates and to monolithically series-connect the fabricated solar cells [3] Thin-film solar cells are ... characterization parameters and I-V measurement methods for solar cells/ modules _ I-V characterization of Solar cells 2.1.1 Equivalent circuit and characteristic equation of a solar cell The electrically...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 15:57

... suitable for the prediction of the combustion and performance characteristics of the C.I engine and further work is required for modeling engine emissions The combustion and performance results for ... formula for diesel and biodiesel are approximate, as C13.77H23.44 and C19H35O2 respectively [8, 9] The combustion model is developed for the C.I engine and suitable for any hydrocarbon fuel and ... release for diesel and biodiesel 5.4 Parametric study The results of combustion characteristics and performance parameters are presented with variable compression ratio started from 12 up to19 for...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... Make:Megger, Biddle, England) Magnetic field mapping The performance of an electromagnet gets influenced by the design and material limitations, errors in construction, and the stability of the ... Poisson software for (a) mirror magnetic field, and (b) flat magnetic field are shown in figure The calculation was also performed analytically (Montgomery 1966) using standard relations for calculating ... standard relations for calculating magnetic field Design, fabrication, and characterization of a solenoid system 463 Table The optimized design parameters for solenoid coil with iron jacket Description...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 08:58

... Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care and Early Education 2011 Caring for our children: National health and safety performance standards; Guidelines for early care and education programs ... Caring for Our Children: National Health and Safety Performance Standards; Guidelines for Early Care and Education Programs These national standards represent the best evidence, expertise, and experience ... centers; Head Start follows Performance Standards; the AAP has many standards Introduction xviii Caring for Our Children: National Health and Safety Performance Standards GUIDING PRINCIPLES Children...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 11:20

... the designed peptides are useful for inhibition of the T-cell adhesion mechanism Materials and methods Peptides The linear and cyclic peptides lER, lVY, cER, cVY, cEL and cYT (Table 1) were designed ... to the mixture, and incubated for another 15 The cells were pelleted by centrifugation (200 g, min, °C) and then incubated at °C for h The cell pellet was gently resuspended, and the E-rosettes ... %peptide ¼ (Jurkat cells without formation of E-rosettes/total Jurkat cells) · 100% Lymphocyte-epithelial adhesion assay Caco-2 cells were used between passages 50 and 60 and were plated onto...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 13:20

... Lindberg and Erik Ojefors, “A bandwidth enhancement technique for mobile handset antennas using wavetraps”, 2006 IEEE, vol.54, pp.2226-2233, August 2006 [2] Jerzy Guterman, António A.Moreira, and ... The measurement result The designed antenna suitable for GSM/UMTS operation in an advance mobile handsets has been demonstrated The return loss bandwidths of the lower and upper modes of the proposed ... the rectangular meander monopole at the left-hand side and other conductor line of height 21 mm is extended from the starting of the rectangular meander monopole at the right-hand side These extended...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 11:21

... The linkages between design, innovation and R&D Creativity, Design and Firm Performance The impact of design on productivity and performance 21 23 30 Creativity, design and economic growth 31 ... application of design is much broader, for example designing for function; for aesthetic appeal; for ease of manufacture; for sustainability; and designing for reliability or quality and business ... creativity in the UK and of design activities, including business take-up G Chapter Creativity, design and firm performance – how creativity and design can raise firm performance, and the supporting...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 21:20