... that set of policies would reduce fiscal restraint in 2013 but not eliminate it For example, the expiration ofthe extensions ofthe cut in CBO ECONOMICEFFECTSOF REDUCING THE FISCAL RESTRAINT THAT ... equal the midpoints ofthe ranges used by CBO ECONOMIC EFFECTSOF REDUCING THE FISCAL RESTRAINT THAT IS SCHEDULED TO OCCUR IN 2013 Box CBO’s Approach to Estimating theEconomicEffectsof Changes ... on spending in anticipation of cuts in funding at the beginning ofthe year Although quantifying those anticipatory effects is difficult, CBO estimates that they will reduce the growth of real...
... element of these plans, and those produced by the Civil Administration before and since, is the line demarcating their boundaries 24 These plans lift the threat of demolition within the line, but the ... will entail increasing theeconomic space available for Palestinian urban and rural development inthe West Bank, including addressing the increasingly entrenched and expanding impact of Israeli ... taken against between 8% and 23% ofthe number of reported incidents of illegal construction and squatting by Israelis inthe West Bank In a similar vein, data obtained from the Ministry of Defense...
... element of these plans, and those produced by the Civil Administration before and since, is the line demarcating their boundaries 24 These plans lift the threat of demolition within the line, but the ... will entail increasing theeconomic space available for Palestinian urban and rural development inthe West Bank, including addressing the increasingly entrenched and expanding impact of Israeli ... taken against between 8% and 23% ofthe number of reported incidents of illegal construction and squatting by Israelis inthe West Bank In a similar vein, data obtained from the Ministry of Defense...
... from the councils ofthe National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine The members ofthe committee responsible for the report were chosen for their ... president ofthe National Academy of Engineering The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions ... Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine...
... result of including the savings from reducing the victim cost of crime When only including the direct cost savings from reductions in criminal activity, the returns from Perry Preschool are more in ... CED’s previous work in early education by providing theeconomic evidence that justifies increasing investments in preschool Inthe 40 years since CED first recommended investing in preschool, it ... education The United States has slipped to ninth inthe share of students enrolling in college.‡39 In short, the new global economy increasingly relies on information and innovation, both of which...
... changes in exchange rates up to the end ofthe reporting period ofthe reporting entity in accordance with IAS 27 The same approach is used in applying the equity method to associates and joint ventures ... differences are recognised in other comprehensive income inthe financial statements that include the foreign operation and the reporting entity (ie financial statements in which the foreign operation ... which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous financial statements shall be recognised in profit or loss inthe period in which they arise, except as described...
... programming model The development ofthe model is outlined in Chapter and the results are reported in Chapter The normative dynamic programming approach eliminates the regional biases affecting the ... I of ignorance and the poor understanding ofthe fragility ofthe rangeland and its carrying capacity Government objectives of regional development rather than conservation inthe intervening ... or damage roads The " $ ! cost of these off-site effects is not considered inthe decisions ofthe individual, and so a i ! market failure is said to occur The cost of these effects is borne...
... whether the sum ofthe discounted net social benefits during the life ofthe infrastructure justifies the investment cost The description ofthe costs and benefits ofthe HSR lines is covered in ... predict the final effect An excellent summary ofthe main findings regarding theeffectsof infrastructure investment and regional inequalities is the following (Puga (2002): `Firms producing in locations ... as inthe maintenance of tracks, the cost is affected by the traffic intensity; similarly, the cost of maintaining electric traction installations and the catenary depends on the number of trains...
... from the north into the Po, and the Arno and Tiber, flowing through central Italy into the Tyrrhenian The other main tributaries ofthe Po are the Ticino, Adda and Oglio, arising inthe Alps, the ... Apennine peaks and this also continued inthe Pliocene period, resulting inthe depositing at the feet ofthe chains of huge deposits of sand, gravel and clay There then followed a phase of general ... Plain inthe continental section; the Apennine system and anti-Apennine reliefs inthe peninsula section; and the large islands of Sicily and Sardinia The AlpsAlmost the whole southern side of...
... Trends in cinema building design In 2001, Box Office magazine surveyed the leading cinema architects inthe USA for their views of how cinema design might evolve over the next decade The dominant ... changes to the sector in both countries The decline inthe number of cinema sites in Ireland is largely the result of older, uneconomic cinemas closing, in some instances as a result of a new multi-screen ... to find that in a survey of over 800 independent exhibitors inthe UK 39 the principal training requirement requested by almost 2/3rds of cinemas responding was for computer training (including...
... factors as the date of measurement, representativeness ofthe sample, and scope of measurement Differences in findings may be due to a confluence of factors inthe design ofthe studies, rather than ... cost of around $700 a year Productivity costs In addition to direct medical costs of obesity, a number of more indirect costs are part ofthe overall economic impact of obesity Of these, effects ... receipt of disability income For men inthe NLSY, being obese raises the probability of receiving disability income by 6.92 percentage points, which is equivalent to losing 15.9 years of education...
... by the double treatment, showing an increase ofthe G1 peack at low dose BPA (30 μM) and an increase ofthe G2-M fraction of cells at the highest concentration of BPA (100 μM) Differently, inthe ... reproduced in many other cells These evidences are exciting from several point of view: if from one side we might consider the induction of apoptosis as an interesting anti-cancer action, on the other ... to keep in mind that these effects might also be elicited in normal cells inthe different compartments ofthe human body and thus might contribute to the toxicity of BPA The regulation of caspase-dependent...
... and the effect of both of these together E globulus is the species with the smallest seeds, and is the most sensitive to seed age and theeffectsof fire Ofthe two species of pine studied, P pinaster ... distribution of germination (figure 3) In turn, P radiata, has much sharper germination peaks inthe Control treatments than inthe others (figure 3) Furthermore, these peaks increase in importance, as the ... fire The period of time in which the mature seeds remain enclosed in these cones or capsules depends on the species, the environmental conditions in which they grow and their degree of serotinity...
... lipid lowering in cardiovascular disease? The increasing body of evidence for the efficacy of statins in protecting against vascular events irrespective of cholesterol status has prompted investigation ... dysfunction – effects on inflammatory initiation and perpetuation via endothelial cells Effectsof statins on endothelial cells have been studied primarily inthe context ofthe endothelial dysfunction ... PPAR-γ ligands Again, this statin effect was reversed by GGP, suggesting the critical importance ofthe inactivation of Rho GTPases Together these studies suggest direct effectsof statins on monocyte/macrophage...
... number of theories have been posited to explain the relationship, including the selfmedication hypothesis, the sensation-seeking hypothesis, and the susceptibility hypothesis [25,30,31] Individuals ... and the dates of their occurrence were obtained from DMDC Individuals were classified as demoted if official records indicated a lowering of their paygrade Individuals were classified as having ... [10,14,36,38,39], both of which could explain the increased behavioral problems inthe war-deployed cohort The finding of greatest concern in this study is that combat deployed Marines with a PTSD...
... taking account ofthe individual variation inthe pain data The measure ofthe individual changes, the relative rank variance is then defined by the square ofthe mean rank differences as in ... tables, and in scatter plots respectively The main diagonals inthe contingency tables, consisting of grey-shaded cells, and of dotted lines inthe scatter plots, indicates no change inthe respective ... presence of individual variation inthe pattern of change, not explained by a systematic change, is evident from pairs of observations inthe contingency tables of EST or inthe scatter plots of the...
... place inthe past decades Knowledge of these aspects will help in interpreting and put into context the results ofthe analysis of subsequent chapters The next section describes the purpose ofthe ... to intensify inthe 1980s As opposed to the violence ofthe 1970s, which was mainly committed by individuals acting alone, the increased acts of violence inthe 1980s were mostly the results of ... different groups of women? These issues can be examined inthe framework ofeconomic analysis of fertility The decision of terminating a pregnancy depends on the net benefit from another child and...
... based on the framework of Generalized Linear Model but incorporating within-subject correlation consideration In general, the choice ofthe working correlation structure and variance function in GEE ... affect the efficiency of estimation, and theeffectsof misspecification in correlation matrix and variance function are not well understood inthe literature In this thesis, three types ofthe ... parameters The regression coefficients bi CHAPTER INTRODUCTION represent theeffectsofthe explanatory variables on each individual They are in contrast to the marginal model coefficients that describe...