... supporting the construct validity ofthe instruments Once again, the magnitude of this reduction in SFNDI scores was less marked inthe Malay version ofthe SFNDI and the smaller sample size in this ... noted in other validation studies Apart from the original developers validationofthe instrument in European and North American adults with dyspepsia [10], only two other independent validation ... evaluated by administering the SFNDI twice to the same subjects, 2-weeks apart, and assessing the consistency of scores obtained on these two occasions The second interview was conducted over the phone...
... reliability Eight of them had to be excluded from the analysis due to the worsening of their condition after the first use ofthe questionnaire, leading to a final number of 20 patients in this subgroup ... addition The findings ofthe current study underline the importance of combining self- and proxy rating, not only in Germany Page of 10 (page number not for citation purposes) Health and Quality of ... disease on daily life, they allow investigations in large populations Considering the advances in CF therapy and with regard to the recent increase in interest in PROs, the German CFQ-R, Child,...
... recommended 10:1 ratio ofthe number of subjects to the number of test items [18] The final study sample consisted of 205 patients attending the Pain Clinic (Santander, Spain) and Fibromyalgia ... battery of questionnaires for completion All patients completed these instruments on the day ofthe visit These included a pain form for demographic and pain-related variables, including the translated ... 21:57-67 Ning MC, Ming TW, Mae JY, Ping CP: Validationofthe Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) in Cantonese-Speaking Chinese Patients J Pain 2008, 9:823-832 Kline RB: Principles and...
... principles ofthe Declaration of Helsinki, the Good Clinical Practice and the Wet Medisch-Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek met mensen (WMO) The final study protocol, including the final version ofthe Patient ... to the study Heartburn was defined as a burning feeling, rising from the stomach or lower part ofthe chest up towards the neck The following exclusion criteria were applied: the presence of ... patients having the maximum score) were also assessed The presence of ceiling effects, in which a high proportion ofthe patients grade themselves as having the maximum score, indicates that the scales...
... between two ordinals In measuring attitudes or opinions, the interval scale provides more information than ordinal scale 4.3 The Interval scale Example ofthe interval scale : Ex 1: Stating your taste ... find somewhere else to buy or when to buy new) Point is the ever-changing brand In addition to the points 2,3,4,5,6 are instructions for specific points Measure scale kinds There’re kinds of ... mark into suitable cells himself, or interviewer mark into suitable cells according to the answers of interviewee 27 Ordinal Scale Format by arranging the numbers in an order corresponding to the...
... 1.1.1.1 Theconcept * Thedefinitionofthe concept: "Concept is a form of thinking, of which, it reflects different basic signs of a single object or class of homogeneous objects Theconcept is the ... are indicative of thinking brain It is based on the rule of thinking that all information exists inthe human brain needing to have interconnections in order to find and use However, comparing ... the structure of teaching contents Step 3: Defining concepts inthe subject Step 4: Finding the relationship among concepts Step 5: Design of preliminary concept maps Step Editing and finishing...
... noted that inthe four-domain model, the domain of physical health contains more items, which were obtained due to the merging ofthe items ofthe level of independence domain within the physical ... obtained from the scientific committee ofthe Department of Psychiatry ofthe University of Athens All participants were screened for their ability to take part inthe study, including literacy Instruments ... scale, according to documented procedures included inthe relevant WHO guidelines [14,16,17] In addition, examining the possibility of grouping the WHOQOL-100 facets into a smaller number of comprehensive...
... Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics ofthe sample are shown in Tables and The percentage of missing values in each ofthe items contained inthe questionnaire was less than 5% The mean completion ... version 2.0) Finally, all the expert translators participated inthe proof reading test ofthe intermediate version 2.0, and the final Spanish version was thus established Subsequently, the Spanish ... values in rs responded to the inverse scoring ofthe measures In addition, the associations between the TOOL items and the generic measures of HRQoL (Table 4) were negative, Montejo et al Annals of...
... patient, taking into account the shape ofthe field and the modification devices ofthe beams used to obtain a conformal and homogeneous dose inthe target volume The idea of giving shape to the radiation ... observed inthe distribution of data within the constructed confidence interval, and only one point fell outside the interval, indicating that the error among the measurements does not tend to increase ... gross tumor volume in about 50% ofthe cases [41,42] FDGPET/CT images are particularly useful in defining the target volume inthe presence of atelectasis and in defining involved lymph nodes...
... possibilities of meaning that the text could have This liberating effect of irony is ignored, I believe, because the theorizing of irony inthe abstract requires a pinning-down of meaning: this being the ... to read the views of another mind … it is after one has made up one’s own opinion that the opinions of others are the most illuminating… [By] asking questions and answering them, we find that ... this by a process of giving it a centre or of referring it to a point of presence, a fixed origin… The history of metaphysics, like the history ofthe West, is the story of these metaphors and...
... loss of meaning 18 4.3.2 Gain of Meaning in lexical feature a Gain of Conceptual Meaning In this case, some words or phrases which are added inthe target language with the aim of making the source ... Loss of Associative Meaning In this thesis, Loss of Connotative Meaning and Loss of Collocative Meaning will be analyzed These kinds of meanings will be shown inthe table below 15 v Loss of Connotative ... smoother and more elegant Besides the original meaning, the translator adds meaning to clarify the ideas, which he intends to express Table 4.11: Example of Gain of Conceptual Meaning The original...
... or lying on the ground) with all the vertical poles diminishing in size as they proceed along the limiting lines of perspective towards a central vanishing point lying inthe centre ofthe horizon ... end of your picture Start with the outline The colour could be ultramarine but a fairly watery mix Then define all the blocks of architecture and the line ofthe base ofthe buildings where they ... and interest to the details ofthe buildings Cover the areas of distant vegetation with a green tone Then with a much deeper version ofthe original colour ofthe canal, put inthe reflection of...
... ‘‘peripheral’’ to the main lines of development ofthe novel, we should follow the lead of Ina Ferris and Katie Trumpener by investigating the central role of ‘ the regional’’ inthe construction of English ... lyric, ‘‘Act of Union’’ (), the coupling of England and Ireland issues inthe conception of ‘‘an obstinate fifth column,’’ ‘ the heaving province’’ of Ulster.¹ Identifying the masculine position ... becoming good members ofthe Empire that they should not remain inthe anomalous position they are in, but since they absolutely refuse to become the one thing, that they become the other;...
... these values, could be contained The emotional intensity ofthe backlash against the intrusions of these subaltern groups suggests the importance of reading these developments in ways which interfuse ... advances inthe print industry.22 In Letters on Education (1790), Catherine Macaulay argued that the ‘advantages of printing, by rendering easy the communication of ideas, giving an universality to their ... In other words, I am interested inthe ways that these poets mobilized existing cultural assumptions in order to highlight the importance ofthe poet rather than in exploring their changing relation...
... wake at a.m., but nap for two hours or so inthe early afternoon Thus the influence on one's sleep pattern is worthy of consideration when choosing an occupation ...
... profitability is declining The internalization of information within the same institution may thus enhance intra-circuit and inter-circuit stability by reducing the incentive to overfinancing The ... Creating a stronger investor base amounts to strengthening the circuit by completing the financial market structure ofthe economy, thus eliminating discontinuities inthe transmission of information ... placing money with investment financial institutions inthe capital market, and hold the remaining share in noninterest bearing, short-term bank deposits (eq 7) The share of savings going to the...
... to 4.4% of men and 1.8% of women over the age of 65 [4] A two-fold increase in incidence of gout has been reported inthe USA and New Zealand over the past 30 years, while the prevalence of gout ... attacks inthe first metatarsophalangeal joint he was unaware that gout could occur in his wrist Typical presentation includes sudden onset of intense pain, redness and swelling ofthe joint Examination ... any joint including the ankle, knee, hand, wrist, elbow, sacroiliac joint and other joints ofthe spine, however most commonly occurs inthe lower extremity In this case, although the patient had...
... (P>0.05) Figure and independently showed the protein expression of Cx43 and Cx40 inthe iliac arteries of different groups Figure Hematoxylin/eosin staining ofthe iliac arteries inthe normal group ... distributed in both the tunica media and neointima with more prominent staining inthe latter Panel C: After losartan treatment, Cx40 staining was markedly reduced inthe neointima of arteries The distribution ... Cx40 inthe intima and tunica media ofthe high fat diet group was markedly increased when compared with normal group Inthe Losartan group, the expression of Cx40 inthe intima did not profoundly...
... is therefore essential for a researcher to be aware ofthe stage he or she is inthe stream of R & D This implies the necessity of an in- company training course at least inthe final stage of ... which include also rather philosophical seminars to introduce theconceptof TQM as well as more technical statistical seminars Since it is important to maintain the training system successfully in ... learn from others CONCLUDING REMARKS As stressed inthe text the most important thing for training researchers inthe company is that trainees themselves have their own motivations Then it is...