definition of the concept of validation in the 1980s

... supporting the construct validity of the instruments Once again, the magnitude of this reduction in SFNDI scores was less marked in the Malay version of the SFNDI and the smaller sample size in this ... noted in other validation studies Apart from the original developers validation of the instrument in European and North American adults with dyspepsia [10], only two other independent validation ... evaluated by administering the SFNDI twice to the same subjects, 2-weeks apart, and assessing the consistency of scores obtained on these two occasions The second interview was conducted over the phone...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... reliability Eight of them had to be excluded from the analysis due to the worsening of their condition after the first use of the questionnaire, leading to a final number of 20 patients in this subgroup ... addition The findings of the current study underline the importance of combining self- and proxy rating, not only in Germany Page of 10 (page number not for citation purposes) Health and Quality of ... disease on daily life, they allow investigations in large populations Considering the advances in CF therapy and with regard to the recent increase in interest in PROs, the German CFQ-R, Child,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... recommended 10:1 ratio of the number of subjects to the number of test items [18] The final study sample consisted of 205 patients attending the Pain Clinic (Santander, Spain) and Fibromyalgia ... battery of questionnaires for completion All patients completed these instruments on the day of the visit These included a pain form for demographic and pain-related variables, including the translated ... 21:57-67 Ning MC, Ming TW, Mae JY, Ping CP: Validation of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) in Cantonese-Speaking Chinese Patients J Pain 2008, 9:823-832 Kline RB: Principles and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 16:20

... principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, the Good Clinical Practice and the Wet Medisch-Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek met mensen (WMO) The final study protocol, including the final version of the Patient ... to the study Heartburn was defined as a burning feeling, rising from the stomach or lower part of the chest up towards the neck The following exclusion criteria were applied: the presence of ... patients having the maximum score) were also assessed The presence of ceiling effects, in which a high proportion of the patients grade themselves as having the maximum score, indicates that the scales...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 16:20

... between two ordinals In measuring attitudes or opinions, the interval scale provides more information than ordinal scale 4.3 The Interval scale Example of the interval scale : Ex 1: Stating your taste ... find somewhere else to buy or when to buy new) Point is the ever-changing brand In addition to the points 2,3,4,5,6 are instructions for specific points Measure scale kinds There’re kinds of ... mark into suitable cells himself, or interviewer mark into suitable cells according to the answers of interviewee 27 Ordinal Scale Format by arranging the numbers in an order corresponding to the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/07/2014, 17:20

... 1.1.1.1 The concept * The definition of the concept: "Concept is a form of thinking, of which, it reflects different basic signs of a single object or class of homogeneous objects The concept is the ... are indicative of thinking brain It is based on the rule of thinking that all information exists in the human brain needing to have interconnections in order to find and use However, comparing ... the structure of teaching contents Step 3: Defining concepts in the subject Step 4: Finding the relationship among concepts Step 5: Design of preliminary concept maps Step Editing and finishing...

Ngày tải lên: 25/07/2014, 14:39

... noted that in the four-domain model, the domain of physical health contains more items, which were obtained due to the merging of the items of the level of independence domain within the physical ... obtained from the scientific committee of the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Athens All participants were screened for their ability to take part in the study, including literacy Instruments ... scale, according to documented procedures included in the relevant WHO guidelines [14,16,17] In addition, examining the possibility of grouping the WHOQOL-100 facets into a smaller number of comprehensive...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:21

... Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the sample are shown in Tables and The percentage of missing values in each of the items contained in the questionnaire was less than 5% The mean completion ... version 2.0) Finally, all the expert translators participated in the proof reading test of the intermediate version 2.0, and the final Spanish version was thus established Subsequently, the Spanish ... values in rs responded to the inverse scoring of the measures In addition, the associations between the TOOL items and the generic measures of HRQoL (Table 4) were negative, Montejo et al Annals of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:21

... patient, taking into account the shape of the field and the modification devices of the beams used to obtain a conformal and homogeneous dose in the target volume The idea of giving shape to the radiation ... observed in the distribution of data within the constructed confidence interval, and only one point fell outside the interval, indicating that the error among the measurements does not tend to increase ... gross tumor volume in about 50% of the cases [41,42] FDGPET/CT images are particularly useful in defining the target volume in the presence of atelectasis and in defining involved lymph nodes...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... possibilities of meaning that the text could have This liberating effect of irony is ignored, I believe, because the theorizing of irony in the abstract requires a pinning-down of meaning: this being the ... to read the views of another mind … it is after one has made up one’s own opinion that the opinions of others are the most illuminating… [By] asking questions and answering them, we find that ... this by a process of giving it a centre or of referring it to a point of presence, a fixed origin… The history of metaphysics, like the history of the West, is the story of these metaphors and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 12:00

... loss of meaning 18 4.3.2 Gain of Meaning in lexical feature a Gain of Conceptual Meaning In this case, some words or phrases which are added in the target language with the aim of making the source ... Loss of Associative Meaning In this thesis, Loss of Connotative Meaning and Loss of Collocative Meaning will be analyzed These kinds of meanings will be shown in the table below 15 v Loss of Connotative ... smoother and more elegant Besides the original meaning, the translator adds meaning to clarify the ideas, which he intends to express Table 4.11: Example of Gain of Conceptual Meaning The original...

Ngày tải lên: 02/06/2016, 17:08

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2016, 20:10

... or lying on the ground) with all the vertical poles diminishing in size as they proceed along the limiting lines of perspective towards a central vanishing point lying in the centre of the horizon ... end of your picture Start with the outline The colour could be ultramarine but a fairly watery mix Then define all the blocks of architecture and the line of the base of the buildings where they ... and interest to the details of the buildings Cover the areas of distant vegetation with a green tone Then with a much deeper version of the original colour of the canal, put in the reflection of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2012, 14:19

... ‘‘peripheral’’ to the main lines of development of the novel, we should follow the lead of Ina Ferris and Katie Trumpener by investigating the central role of ‘ the regional’’ in the construction of English ... lyric, ‘‘Act of Union’’ (), the coupling of England and Ireland issues in the conception of ‘‘an obstinate fifth column,’’ ‘ the heaving province’’ of Ulster.¹ Identifying the masculine position ... becoming good members of the Empire that they should not remain in the anomalous position they are in, but since they absolutely refuse to become the one thing, that they become the other;...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2012, 10:39

... these values, could be contained The emotional intensity of the backlash against the intrusions of these subaltern groups suggests the importance of reading these developments in ways which interfuse ... advances in the print industry.22 In Letters on Education (1790), Catherine Macaulay argued that the ‘advantages of printing, by rendering easy the communication of ideas, giving an universality to their ... In other words, I am interested in the ways that these poets mobilized existing cultural assumptions in order to highlight the importance of the poet rather than in exploring their changing relation...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2012, 11:00

... wake at a.m., but nap for two hours or so in the early afternoon Thus the influence on one's sleep pattern is worthy of consideration when choosing an occupation ...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2012, 10:02

... profitability is declining The internalization of information within the same institution may thus enhance intra-circuit and inter-circuit stability by reducing the incentive to overfinancing The ... Creating a stronger investor base amounts to strengthening the circuit by completing the financial market structure of the economy, thus eliminating discontinuities in the transmission of information ... placing money with investment financial institutions in the capital market, and hold the remaining share in noninterest bearing, short-term bank deposits (eq 7) The share of savings going to the...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2012, 09:33

... to 4.4% of men and 1.8% of women over the age of 65 [4] A two-fold increase in incidence of gout has been reported in the USA and New Zealand over the past 30 years, while the prevalence of gout ... attacks in the first metatarsophalangeal joint he was unaware that gout could occur in his wrist Typical presentation includes sudden onset of intense pain, redness and swelling of the joint Examination ... any joint including the ankle, knee, hand, wrist, elbow, sacroiliac joint and other joints of the spine, however most commonly occurs in the lower extremity In this case, although the patient had...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:06

... (P>0.05) Figure and independently showed the protein expression of Cx43 and Cx40 in the iliac arteries of different groups Figure Hematoxylin/eosin staining of the iliac arteries in the normal group ... distributed in both the tunica media and neointima with more prominent staining in the latter Panel C: After losartan treatment, Cx40 staining was markedly reduced in the neointima of arteries The distribution ... Cx40 in the intima and tunica media of the high fat diet group was markedly increased when compared with normal group In the Losartan group, the expression of Cx40 in the intima did not profoundly...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:39

... is therefore essential for a researcher to be aware of the stage he or she is in the stream of R & D This implies the necessity of an in- company training course at least in the final stage of ... which include also rather philosophical seminars to introduce the concept of TQM as well as more technical statistical seminars Since it is important to maintain the training system successfully in ... learn from others CONCLUDING REMARKS As stressed in the text the most important thing for training researchers in the company is that trainees themselves have their own motivations Then it is...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:41