... Secretaries of State and the increased empowerment of the Department of State’s Office
of Reconstruction and Stabilization (ORS). The ORS, which plans and executes civilian
reconstruction and stabilization ... contribution
Support RAND
- 4 -
FOREIGN CULTURES AND HISTORIES
A thorough understanding of foreign cultures and histories, particularly those of the
countries in the Middle East and North Africa, ... positions that demand a great deal of expertise, prior experience, and
institutional contacts, and there is generally an increased need for professionalism in the
Department of State and other civilian...
... resources and sufficient understanding of the extent to which dip-
lomatic and political efforts are often needed to complement military efforts. e same can be
said of personnel and programs of USAID, ... NATO; and Gen. George Joulwan, U.S. Army (ret.), formerly NATO
Supreme Allied Commander Europe and before that Commander-in-Chief of U.S. Southern
Command.
e project commissioned a series of ... areas:
Specific ways and means to facilitate the cooperation, coordination, and integration of t
different instruments ofpowerand influence at the field level, including NGOs and the
private sector
xxv
Acknowledgments
e...
... “prerogative writ” of mandamus.
Rather, in 1803, mandamus power was still regarded as an inherent feature of
the superintending authority of a supreme court. Thus, mandamus was implicit
in the mandate for ... bene-
fitted from the encouragement and advice of our
colleagues and students in the Department of
Political Science and the College of Law at the
University of Tennessee. In particular, we wish ... judicial review. In support of this assumption of power,
John Marshall reasoned that, because the Constitution is the “supreme law of the
land,” and it is the duty of the judiciary to interpret...
... the
roles of growth and social development andof infrastruc-
ture in poverty reduction, the impact of the PRS on coun-
try-level operations and project designs, and the moni-
toring and evaluation of ... of opportunity: it is often due to disconnection,
often geographical, from the wider economy and society
(Datt and Ravallion 2002, Jalan and Ravallion 2002). The
provision of infrastructure and ... Transport andEnergy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction
in three Asian countries. Its objectives were to enhance
current understanding of how transport andenergy infra-
structure and services...
... pro-
ductivity and the welfare of the poor.
Transport andenergy investments impact upon the
income and nonincome dimensions of poverty. The case stud-
ies strongly confirmed that transport andenergy ... Training
Table S.1. Transport andEnergy Case Studies by Country
Source: Authors summary.
xxvi
transport or energy improvements and producers of local
goods and services that cannot stand up to market compe-
tition. ... fees,
tariffs, and quality of service as critical issues affecting the
willingness and ability of poor people to take advantage of
existing infrastructure. Analysis of how to maximize con-
nections and...
... enhance
current understanding of how transport andenergy infra-
structure and services contribute to poverty reduction, to
fill knowledge gaps, and to identify lessons learned and
good practices ... specialist, and an energy specialist, supported
by an ADB research assistant, and in consultation with
staff of the four collaborating institutions, conducted a
review of relevant literature and project ... infrastructure but also in transport and/
or energy services, as well as the targeting of such ser-
vices to the poor.
Box 1.1. Perceptions of the Poor about Transport and Energy
Many poor communities...
... the
roles of growth and social development andof infrastruc-
ture in poverty reduction, the impact of the PRS on coun-
try-level operations and project designs, and the moni-
toring and evaluation of ... of opportunity: it is often due to disconnection,
often geographical, from the wider economy and society
(Datt and Ravallion 2002, Jalan and Ravallion 2002). The
provision of infrastructure and ... purchasing power parity prices.
16 Assessing the Impact of Transport andEnergy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction
national productivity, employment, and earnings; a more
competitive and transparent energy...
... the level and characteristics of household members employ-
ment , due to changes in both demand and supply of labor;
the level and sources of wage and nonwage income;
consumption and market ... in land use and distribution; availability of goods, services, and facilities; and asset wealth and distribution.
Source: van de Walle 1999.
30 Assessing the Impact of Transport andEnergy Infrastructure ... promotion of
renewable energy. This project was to
contribute to poverty reduction by im-
proving power, water, and sanitation systems and
increasing the operational and end-user efficiency of en-
ergy...
... availability of extension services communi-
cating useful research results; availability and quality of
land; availability and prices of inputs; availability and
cost of credit; availability of associated ... the efficient operation ofpower utilities,
privatization, pricing and subsidies, and regulatory and fiscal
policy changes to improve the supply and reliability of
services and to create a level ... basic needs for trans-
port and energy. These ways are often very costly in time
and human energy, however, even if no monetary cost is
involved. The time and human energy available to the
poor...
... transport
and energy infrastructure, quality and intensity of infra-
structure, transport andenergy expenditures, and value of
transport andenergy assets. Other categories include
household size and ... investments.
Transport and Energy
Interventions
The study examined the use of transport and energy
services by poor and nonpoor households in selected poor
counties in the two prefectures of Yulin and Shangluo. ... petroleum and natural gas, develop new and
renewable energy sources, and improve energy manage-
ment. With reference to rural energy, the Government will
promote the rapid commercialization of rural energy...
... 1992 and 2001,
and change in this number between 1992 and 2001;
Length of paved roads to district offices in 1992 and
2001, and change;
Length of laterite roads to district offices in 1992 and
2001, ... active role in both the
construction of transport andenergy infrastructure and
the provision of transport andenergy services. To date,
with the exception of road transport services, only limited
contributions ... on
access to and use of transport andenergy services; and
(iii) perceived impacts of improvements in roads, rail
transport, and electricity. The first module included
information on occupation and income;...
... Impact of Transport andEnergy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction
on nonagricultural wages and government salaries. In
Kuchchh, only 43% of the income of poor households and
23% of the income of ... investment and encourage employment of the
poor. The strategy explicitly proposes cuts in irrigation
and energy subsidies and privatization of the power sector
to reduce the unsustainable debt of the ... has a coastline of about
1,600 km. It has a major port, Kandla, and about 40 inter-
mediate and minor ports that process 80% of the tonnage
handled by the countrys intermediate and minor ports.
The...
... pro-
cessing and coding theory to a variety of areas from radar signals
and speech processing to the development of software and hard-
ware required for large computer networks, and, more recently, ... Numerical Software, and a recipient of the
IFIP Silver Core Award. He is an IEEE Fellow, and a Member of
IEEE Reliability, Communications, Computer, and Education So-
cieties, andof the IEEE ... between the 3
terminus
of 16S rRNA and t he mRNA during initiation of protein syn-
thesis in Escherichia coli,” Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences of the United States of America, vol....
... CONTROL OF DFIG WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS 1491
Fig. 5. Reference commands for wind and the stator reactive power.
Fig. 6. Tracking performance of real and reactive stator powers.
the controllers of the ... [18]
(6)
(7)
(8)
where
and are the stator and rotor resistances, and is
the synchronous (stator) frequency. Subscripts
and signify
the stator and rotor variable, and
and are the stator,
rotor, and magnetization ... changes in
real and reactive power references.
A
PPENDIX
Details of , and in (55) and (56) are shown in
the equations at the top of the page.
R
EFERENCES
[1] M. Patel, Wind and Solar Power Systems:...