data structures for graphs

... Resources r A Catalog of Algorithmic Problems s Data Structures s Dictionaries s Priority Queues s Suffix Trees and Arrays s Graph Data Structures s Set Data Structures s Kd-Trees s Numerical Problems ... [19/1/2003 1:27:42] Data Structures and Sorting Next: Fundamental Data Types Up: Techniques Previous: Implementation Challenges Data Structures and Sorting When things go right, changing a data structure ... around data structures such as dictionaries and priority queues leads to both clean structure and good performance Picking the wrong data structure for the job can be disastrous in terms of performance...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 05:20

... industrial man-year for a senior engineer The estimated costs for contractor effort for different supported man-year costs can be calculated The estimates given are for demonstrators, not for production ... and alternative design structures, joints, and force programming is leading to highly accurate new robot structures This research will lead to robots capable of applying force and torque with ... the next 10 years in ways that advance the state of the art and perform more complex functions for the Army PLANNING FOR GROWTH For the near term, using state of the art technology and assuming...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 01:15

... industrial man-year for a senior engineer The estimated costs for contractor effort for different supported man-year costs can be calculated The estimates given are for demonstrators, not for production ... and alternative design structures, joints, and force programming is leading to highly accurate new robot structures This research will lead to robots capable of applying force and torque with ... the next 10 years in ways that advance the state of the art and perform more complex functions for the Army PLANNING FOR GROWTH For the near term, using state of the art technology and assuming...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 18:20

... receiver structures 5.3.3 Suboptimal linear receiver structures 5.3.4 Suboptimal nonlinear receiver structures 5.4 Receiver Structures for MC-CDMA ... OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS Before we further discuss this concept for signals by introducing a scalar product for signals, we continue with the complex Fourier transform This is because complex ... sense if the input signal is no longer of finite energy This is the case, for example, for a sine wave, for a Dirac impulse, or for white noise, which is the topic of the next section 1.3 The AWGN...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... processes For SSS processes, time-shift invariance is given for all statistical properties, while for WSS this is only true up to the secondorder properties (covariances) For a theoretical analysis, for ... duration TS A data rate of 200 kbit/s leads to TS = 10 µs for the QPSK modulation This is of the same order as the echoes for such a scenario This means that digital transmission of that data rate ... additional noise terms that not occur for coherent signaling and that degrade the performance The performance analysis of DPSK is more complicated than for coherent PSK (see e.g (Proakis 2001))...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... adds redundancy to digital data bi from a data source For simplicity, we will often speak of data bits bi and channel encoder output bits ci , keeping in mind that other data symbol alphabets than ... probabilities for codes QAM One drawback of this method is that it does not apply to differential modulation For the sake of completeness, we will now present some formulas that are valid for differential ... setup for two antennas for which it is possible to disentangle the information without loss The scheme can even be proven to be in some sense equivalent to a setup with two receive antennas For...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... value for a bit, not just an approximate one The price for this exact information is the higher complexity The BCJR algorithm has been known for a long time, but it became very popular not before ... we will therefore speak of bytes for those symbols For an RS(N, K, D) code, K data bytes are encoded to a code word of N bytes The Hamming distance is given by D = N − K + bytes For odd values ... extrinsic information can be used as a priori information for vertical decoding and vice versa The turbo decoder setup is depicted in Figure 3.15 It consists of two SISO decoders, SISO1 and SISO2, for...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... linear growth for small values of x The clipping amplifier is given by the characteristic curve Fclip (x) = (x, 1) , which is linear for x < and equal to for higher values of x For simplicity, ... rate would be necessary to evaluate the performance degradations for a given OFDM system and a given amplifier for the concrete modulation and coding scheme For a given modulation scheme, the disturbances ... constellation of a 16-QAM signal for both amplifiers and the IBO values as given above For the IBO of dB, the QAM signal is severely distorted for both amplifiers For the clipping amplifier, the distortion...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... Union Bounds for the bit error probability for DQPSK and νmax TS = for Rc = 8/10, 8/11, 8/12, 8/14, 8/16, 8/20, 8/24, 8/32 with M = for (D)QPSK Another reason to plot the different performance curves ... greater for the weak codes, and it is nearly neglectible for the strong codes In any case, this degradation is still small Figure 4.52 shows the union bounds for the performance curves for the ... value Then xl = +3δ for bl(0) = and xl = +δ for ˆ bl(0) = For the ID case (bl(0) known), the erroneous symbols are xl = −3δ for bl(0) = = 3δ and = δ, both with and xl = −δ for bl(0) = 1, respectively,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... Multiplexer Subch n Data encoder Channel encoder n MSC Time interleaver Figure 4.82 Example for an error protection profile for the audio data rate 192 kbit/s Table 4.5 Example for multiplex configuration ... weakest code for the last 96 bits in the data stream, which leads to a poorer performance there It can be verified by computer simulations that this effect becomes smaller for higher data rates ... of time interleaving is very small for Doppler frequencies below 40 Hz On the other hand, this is already the upper limit for the DQPSK demodulation for TM I For even lower Doppler frequencies...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... Therefore, we prefer to split up the analysis of the receiver structures for the different models First, because it is the simplest, we analyze the receiver structures for the synchronous model For ... symbol for user number k For time slot zero, the transmit signal is then given by K sk hk (t), k=1 where sk is the transmit symbol for user number k Let l be the time index for the continuous data ... measurements in time slots not used for data transmission or reception, a hard handover in a CDMA system requires some additional effort for the MS; to be able to perform neighbor cell measurement,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... K time-steps For K = 2, there will be two different expressions for the metric calculation, one for even and one for odd time indices We shall now evaluate the metric expression for K = and finite ... Mchip/s as for the original transmission modes in order to preserve the spectral properties of a carrier For the data rate of 11 Mbit/s, the mapping of data symbols to codes is performed in the ... the decisions for the stronger signal We now formalize the procedure and generalize to K users For simplicity, we restrict ourselves to BPSK The generalization on QPSK is straightforward The receive...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... midamble or training sequence of 256 or 512 chips for channel estimation; • a data part including user data and physical layer control data as the transport format combination indicator (TFCI) or the ... protocols defined for the TDD mode However, synchronization of base stations of different operators or of base stations for unlicensed operation is not achievable Therefore, at least for these situations ... 14 TFCI (and TPC) bits Data Midamble Data GP Guard period Time slot: 2560 chips SF = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 Figure 5.56 Variable time duplex division scheme and data structure for UTRA TDD time slots...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... to the foregoing efforts for the base they provide, a base which this report attempts to expand Our recommendations are founded on a comprehensive assessment of the state of the art and forecasts ... and alternative design structures, joints, and force programming is leading to highly accurate new robot structures This research will lead to robots capable of applying force and torque with ... the next 10 years in ways that advance the state of the art and perform more complex functions for the Army PLANNING FOR GROWTH For the near term, using state of the art technology and assuming...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... be accomplished within the current state of the art for specific information processing tasks For example, a natural-language front end to a data base on oil wells has been connected to a graphics ... methods for using contextual information when interpreting utterances For example, consider the following pairs of utterances: Sam: The lock nut should be tight Joe: I've done it and Get any book for ... tailoring information to fit an individual's needs Assimilating Information Being in any kind of changing environment and interacting with the environment means getting new information That information...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... the next 10 years in ways that advance the state of the art and perform more complex functions for the Army PLANNING FOR GROWTH For the near term, using state of the art technology and assuming ... operate CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF APPLICATIONS The committee spent a great deal of time developing criteria for the selection of Army applications of robotics and Get any book for free on: www.Abika.com ... systems are likely to be severely restricted in their domain for the next years Only limited knowledge-representation languages for data and relations are available The input and output of most...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... the system to get information from the data base The system allows a 19word vocabulary for each of three individuals The system has a 100-word capability to access more information from the main ... systems at Stanford (MYCIN) and Rutgers (for glaucoma) , Get any book for free on: www.Abika.com APPLICATIONS OF ROBOTICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 132 Bayesian statistical systems (for computerassisted ... Choosing from alternatives presented in a menu approach, for example, is not necessarily easy for a semiliterate person Get any book for free on: www.Abika.com APPLICATIONS OF ROBOTICS AND ARTIFICIAL...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... book for free on: www.Abika.com APPLICATIONS OF ROBOTICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 146 fully burdened industrial man-year for a senior engineer The estimated costs for contractor effort for ... Thus, efforts must be made to alleviate fatigue and stress There is a consequent need for automated decision aids Expert systems for combat support could assist greatly It appears that information ... the command; how to integrate general information with detailed information about the particular situation at hand; for example, how supplemental experts for multisensor reconnaissance and intelligence,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22