data structures and algorithm analysis in c 2nd pdf

... A Practical Introduction to Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis Edition 3.2 (C+ + Version) Clifford A Shaffer Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA 24061 March 28, 2013 ... http://people.cs.vt.edu/˜shaffer/Book/ Contents Preface xiii I Preliminaries 1 Data Structures and Algorithms 1.1 A Philosophy of Data Structures 1.1.1 The Need for Data Structures 1.1.2 Costs and Benefits 1.2 Abstract Data Types ... 14.2 Recurrence Relations 14.2.1 Estimating Upper and Lower Bounds 14.2.2 Expanding Recurrences 14.2.3 Divide and Conquer Recurrences 14.2.4 Average-Case Analysis of Quicksort 14.3 Amortized Analysis

Ngày tải lên: 29/12/2022, 10:34

... Library of Congress Cataloging? ?in? ??Publication Data KRUSE, ROBERT L Data structures and program design in C+ + / Robert L Kruse, Alexander J Ryba p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN ... 4.1 Pointers and Linked Structures 113 4.1.1 Introduction and Survey 113 4.1.2 Pointers and Dynamic Memory in C+ + 116 4.1.3 The Basics of Linked Structures 122 2.3 Application: A Desk Calculator ... Data Structures and Program Design in C+ + NAVIGATING THE DISK For information on using the Acrobat toolbar and other Acrobat commands, consult the Help document within Acrobat See especially

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... stacks, and be careful to maintain the principles of information hiding. 4.3 LINKED STACKS WITH SAFEGUARDS Client code can apply the methods of the linked stack that we developed in the last section ... allow clients to write such an expression. 4.3.3 The Copy Constructor One final insecurity that can arise with linked structures occurs when the C+ + compiler calls for a copy of an object. For ... However, in this case, since we are creating a new Stack object, we do not need to remove any existing stack entries. In general, for every linked class, either we should include a copy constructor,

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... binary_search_1 and binary_search_2... true that all the other operations (such as incrementing and comparing indices) have gone in lock step with comparison of keys In fact, the frequency of ... > { public: Ordered_list( ); Error_code insert(const Record & ;data) ; Error_code insert(int position, const Record & ;data) ; Error_code replace(int position, const Record & ;data) ; }; ... of n In the context of comparing underlying methods, the differences between binary_search_1 and binary_search_2 become insignificant in comparison with the difference between either binary

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... Error_code outcome; Cell * new_cell = new Cell(row, col); int index = living->size( ); outcome = living->insert(index, new_cell); if (outcome == success) outcome = is_living ->insert(new_cell); ... arrays in considerable detail: C. C. GOTLIEB and L. R. GOTLIEB, Data Types and Structures, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1978. An interesting study of hash functions and the choice of constants ... special kinds of binary tree methods; ¯ Since the entries in binary search trees contain keys, and since they are applied 331 for information... Figure 10.9 Insertions into a binary search

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... subject and one that involves both mathematics and computing science Three books, each of which contains many interesting algorithms, are R E TARJAN, Data Structures and Network Algorithms, ... struc- tures. Cities and the highways connecting them form a graph, as do the compo- applications nents on a circuit board with the connections among them. An organic chemical compound can be considered ... direction of the edges and the resulting undirected graph is connected, we call the directed graph weakly connected. Figure 12.3 illustrates directed cycles, strongly connected directed graphs, and

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... 2. Points The Sortable_list in a Plot stores objects of the class Point. Since these objects repre- sent data points to be plotted, each Point must include two integer data members, row and col, ... constructors. The constructors create either a Point with no useable data, or a Point storing the given row and col parameter values. 518 struct Point { int row; int col; Point( ); Point(int a, int b); ... || q.col > max_col) continue; putpixel(q.col, q.row, 3); // graphics.h library function } cout "Enter a character to clear screen and continue: "<<flush; char wait_for; cin >>

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... while (waiting) { cin > command; > command = tolower(command); if (command == ? | command == = | command == + | | | | command == − | command == * | command == / | | | | command == q ) waiting = false; ... so that input characters are echoed to output, and individual unmatched closing brackets are identified in the output file P3 Incorporate C+ + comments and character strings into... comes ... implementing data structures: Use functions to access your data structures, and. .. two indices always increasing This is a good method if the queue can be emptied all at once ¯ A circular

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

...    value_type? ?data_ field;    node *link_field; (3)The? ?data_ field of each node is a type called  value_type, defined by a typedef data_ field link_field 10 data_ field link_field 15 data_ field link_field ... null class node { public:    typedef int value_type;   private    value_type? ?data_ field; (4)Each node also contains a link_field  which is a pointer to another node data_ field link_field ... (2)For this presentation, nodes? ?in? ?a  linked list are objects, as shown here data_ field link_field 10 data_ field link_field 15 data_ field link_field 7 null class node { public:    typedef double value_type;

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2021, 03:05

... Data? ?of one sort or another may be stored at each  node But it is the connections between the nodes which  characterize a binary tree (4)A Binary Tree of States In? ?this example,  the? ?data? ? (5)A Binary Tree of States (6)A Binary Tree of States ... A binary tree has nodes, similar to nodes? ?in? ?a  linked list structure Data? ?of one sort or another may be stored at each  node (3)Binary Trees A binary tree has nodes, similar to nodes? ?in? ?a  linked list structure Data? ?of one sort or another may be stored at each  ... to other nodes,  called the left  child? ?and? ?the  (8)A Binary Tree of States Each node is  permitted to  have two links  to other nodes,  called the left  child? ?and? ?the  (9)A Binary Tree of States Children are 

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2021, 03:05

... (1)Chapter 12 discusses  several ways of storing  information? ?in? ?an array,? ?and? ? later searching for the  information.  Hash tables are a common  approach to the  storing/searching problem.  ... some spots contain valid  records,? ?and? ?other spots are  "empty" [ 0 ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 700] Number    506643548 Number    233667136 (6)Inserting a New Record In? ?order to insert a new  ... [ 4 ] [ 5 ] An array of records . .  (3)What is a Hash Table ? Each record has a special  field, called its key In? ?this example, the key is a  long integer field called  Number [ 0 ] [ 1 ]

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2021, 03:05

... (1)Chapter 7 introduces the  Chapter 7 introduces the  stack stack ? ?data? ?type .data? ?type Several example  Several example  applications of stacks are  applications of stacks are  given? ?in? ?that chapter.  ... applications of stacks are  given? ?in? ?that chapter.  given? ?in? ?that chapter.  This presentation shows  This presentation shows  another use called  another use called  backtracking to solve the  backtracking to solve the  ... (2)Suppose you have 8  Suppose you have 8  chess queens chess queens and? ?a chess board (3)Can the queens be  placed on the board so  that no two queens are  attacking each other   ? (4)Two queens are not 

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2021, 18:34

... (1)Chapter 11 has several  programming projects, including a  project that uses heaps.  (2)A heap is a  certain kind of  complete  (3)A heap is a  certain kind of  complete  binary tree. ... binary tree. When a complete binary tree is built, its first node must be (4)Complete  binary tree. Left child of the root The second node is always the left child (5)Complete  binary tree. of theroot ... of theroot The third node is always the right child (6)Complete  binary tree. (7)Complete  binary tree. (8)Complete  binary tree. (9)Complete  binary tree. (10)

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2021, 19:24

... are encountered when programming the basic data structures and algorithms covered in the book. Using the Book in Class: Data structures and algorithms textbooks tend to fall into one of two categories: ... the collection of objects, visiting each object in turn. Each action method contains something like a switch statement that defines the details of the action for each subclass in the collection ... speci c to that instance. For example, each instance for C will contain a reference to the shared information about strokes and shapes, and it might also contain the exact location for that instance...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 22:20

... parameter checking than is sound programming practice, since including such checking would obscure rather than il- luminate the text. Some parameter checking and testing for other constraints (e.g., whether ... number of practical issues related to programming, including good coding and documentation style. For an excellent (and entertaining!) introduction to the difficulties involved with writing large ... speci c to that instance. For example, each instance for C will contain a reference to the shared information about strokes and shapes, and it might also contain the exact location for that instance...

Ngày tải lên: 22/04/2014, 13:03

... such as .C, .cpp, .cxx, or .cc. NAVIGATING THE DISK ForinformationonusingtheAcrobattoolbarandotherAcrobatcommands,consult the Help document within Acrobat. See especially the section “Navigating ... program listings and compiled program code. In this way, the reader gains increased confidence in the accuracy of the computer program listings appearing in the text. In fact, with just two exceptions, ... careintheformulationofideas intoalgorithmsandin therefinementofalgorithmsintoconcreteprogramsthat canbe appliedtopractical problems. Theprocessofdataspecificationandabstraction,similarly, comesbefore the selection of data...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 14:10

... each goal seeking problem:  Determine what kind of data included in graph (format for nodes and branches, with or without cost), directed or undirected, cyclic or acyclic graph.  Determine ... <ObjType> stackObj <Stack> stackObj.Create() (use stackObj in application’s algorithm) stackObj.Clear() Parsing <ErrorCode> BracketParse() Check the brackets are correctly matched or ... Print the results of bracket-matched checking: (1) Unmatched closing bracket detected. (2) Unmatched opening bracket detected. (3) Bad match symbol. (4) Stack is overflow. Return failed or success. Uses...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 17:20

... to class objects and pointers. We discuss casting with fundamental types here, and we consider casting with objects in Section 2.2.4. We begin by introducing the traditional way of casting in C+ +, ... extensive experience in the classroom. For example, Dr. Goodrich has taught data structures and algorithms courses, including Data Structures as a freshman-sophomore level course and Introduction to Algorithms ... environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges we face in our business. Among the issues we are addressing are carbon impact, paper specifications and procurement, ethical conduct within our business...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 14:08