data and program memory in 8051
Kruse, ryba data structures and program design in c++ 2000
... Counting Neighbors 231.4.4 Updating the Grid 241.4.5 Input and Output 251.4.6 Drivers 271.4.7 Program Tracing 281.4.8 Principles of Program Testing 291.5 Program Maintenance 341.5.1 Program ... the input and output for our program. Incomputerprogramsdesignedtobeusedbymanypeople,thefunctionscareful input and outputperforming input and output are often the longest. Input to the program ... 1.4 • Coding, Testing, and Further Refinement 251.4.5 Input and OutputIt now remains only to write the Life methods initialize() and print(), with thefunctionsuser_says_yes() and instructions()...
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Hanly, koffman problem solving and program design in c
... stor-ing a different program in memory. Secondary storageInput devicesOutput devicesMain memory Centralprocessingunit memory cell an individual storage location in memory address of a memory ... Computers and Programmingtemporary storage of programs and data, and read-only memory (ROM) , which stores programs or data permanently. RAM temporarily stores programs while they are being executed ... position of a memory cell in the computer’s main memory contents of a memory cell the information stored in a memory cell, either a program instruction or data stored program concept...
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Tài liệu Data and Information on Women’s Health in the European Union docx
... during this period (ESSTI 2008). The cause of this increase is not clear. Potential explanations include a genuine rise in incidence, an increase and change in diagnostic testing, and/ or the introduction ... vaccination is in fact decreasing despite the much broader trend of increased vaccination: in the UK, MMR vaccination decreased from 99% in 2000 to 86.2% in 2007 and in Denmark from 100% in ... polio, in uenza, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the elderly. Sex -and- age-specic data on basic vaccination coverage is currently minimal. However, as most vaccination occurs during infancy and...
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Tài liệu Visuospatial Memory in Healthy Elderly, AD and MCI: A Review doc
... egocentric and allocentric spatial processing after parietal brain lesions. Brain Cogn; in press; DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2008.11.001. [66] Tulving E. Episodic and semantic memory. In: Tulving E and ... differences in memory. In: Klix F and Hagendorf H, Eds. Human memory and cognitive capabilities. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 409-422 (1986). [76] Light LL. Memory and aging: four hypotheses in search ... deficits in the ability to integrate associative information in memory, and this was attributed to early neuroanatomical changes in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex. According to the...
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Tài liệu Multiple Vulnerabilities qualitave data for the stydy of orpharns and vulnerable children in South Africa ppt
... like Jagersfontein, there’s an area in Jagersfontein where it’s quite rife, Springfontein ja, I think it’s Springfontein number one. And the reason for that is that in Springfontein you have, ... in Springfontein that most of commercial sex took place. And the reason for that (high rates of HIV infections in Springfontein) is that in Springfontein you have, it’s on the N1, the Springfontein, ... where orphans and other needy children would be seen wandering on streets and asking for food and money, in Kopanong this is not in existence. Instead in Kopanong orphans are taken in either by...
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Subjective memory complaints and cognitive performance in a sample of healthy elderly pot
... 2008;2(1):42-45 Memory loss is one of the most common complaints arising in consultations with elderly people, being reported by 25% to 50% of these individuals.1 However, whether these subjective memory complaints (SMC) are related to objective memory deficits or to subsequent development of dementia, remains a matter of debate.A recent review found that SMCs are not consistently associated with current cognitive impairment, but rather are associated with a greater risk of future cognitive de-cline.2 Indeed, the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which entails an increased likelihood of conversion to dementia, demands the existence of SMCs, preferably confirmed by an informant.3High age, female gender and low educational level are generally associated with a higher prevalence of memory complaints.1 In an autopsy study, SMCs were found to be related to the presence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathol-ogy in elderly with and without dementia, suggesting that memory complaints in older persons may be a sign of self awareness of a degenerative process.4However, SMCs might also be related to depression and some personality traits, such as neuroticism.2 It is also pos-sible that these complaints vary according to the culture of the people studied. In a recent Brazilian study, Minett et al. found that subjects with and without SMCs performed similarly in a series of cognitive tests, although the former had higher scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale.5The present study aimed to further investigate this topic in a group of cognitively healthy Brazilian elderly subjects which were divided into two subgroups according to the presence of SMCs and submitted to brief cognitive tests.MethodsSixty cognitively intact elderly individuals (39 females and 21 males), aged 69.9±6.3 years (ranging from 60 to 91 years), and with mean educational level of 8.5±5.5 years (ranging from 1 to 20 years), were included in the study. These individuals were family caregivers of demented pa-tients followed at the Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit of the Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, in Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil, and also volunteers recruited from the community.Inclusion criteria were absence of neurological or psy-chiatric diseases according to a clinical interview, absence of depression (see below), and no use of benzodiazepines, antidepressants or neuroleptics. All participants were submitted to the Mini-Mental State-Examination (MMSE)6,7 and to the Cornell scale of depression.8,9 Performance on the MMSE was adjusted for educational level and had to be greater than or equal to 21 for 1-3 years of schooling, greater than or equal to 24 for 4-7 years and greater than or equal to 26 for individuals with 8 or more years of schooling.10 Scores on the Cornell scale of depression had to be less than or equal to 7 points in order to rule out depression.8Cognitive evaluation was carried out with the follow-ing tests: the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB)11,12, digit span forward and backward and the Frontal Assess-ment Battery (FAB).13,14 The BCSB includes a memory test of 10 simple figures and yields different scores, namely: incidental and immediate memory, learning, delayed recall and recognition.15,16 The battery also includes a category fluency test (animals per minute) and clock drawing and has proven very sensitive in the diagnosis of mild AD.12 The FAB is a brief diagnostic instrument for the assessment of executive functions in patients with suspected frontal lobe syndrome.13All individuals were given a structured self-report memory questionnaire, the MAC-Q.17 This questionnaire was devised to assess age-related memory decline. It is composed by six questions related to memory function-ing in everyday situations (e.g., to remember a telephone number that he/she uses at least once a week) in which the subject is asked to compare and rate his/her current ability to when he/she was 40 years’ old. The total score on the MAC-Q ranges from 7 to 35, where greater scores in- dicate subjective memory loss. Scores greater than or equal to 25 have been found to be suggestive of age-associated memory impairment. Accordingly, in the present study, the individuals were divided into two groups: absence of SMCs (MAC-Q scores <25) and presence of SMCs (MAC-Q scores ≥25). The performance of the two groups on the different cognitive tests was compared.One of the authors administered the MMSE, the Cor-nell scale and the MAC-Q. Subsequently, the other inves-tigator, blinded to the subjects’ results for these three mea-sures, administered the cognitive evaluation.Descriptive analysis of the data and statistical compari-sons between the performances of the two groups on the different cognitive tests were carried out with MedCalc software. Student’s t-test was used for comparison of age, educational level and MMSE scores, as well as for the results of the other cognitive tests (digit span, BCSB and FAB). Chi-square was employed for comparing gender distribu-tion of the two groups. Level of significance was set at 0.05. The study was approved by the Research Ethics ... 2008;2(1):42-4514 women and 13 men, aged 69.6±5.4 years, with mean educational level of 8.8 years. Mean MMSE score of this group was 27.8.The group of complainers (MAC-Q scores ≥25) was composed by 25 women and 8 men, aged 70.3±7.0 years, with mean educational level of 8.2 years. Mean MMSE score of this group was 27.2.No significant difference for age, gender, education and MMSE scores were found between the two groups. Table 1 depicts the main demographic data as well as the MMSE and MAC-Q values for both groups. The comparison between the performance of the groups of complainers and non-complainers on the dif-ferent cognitive tests yielded no significant difference, al-though there was a trend for non-complainers to perform better in incidental memory. Table 2 presents the scores from the two groups in all tests as well as the statistical comparisons between them.Discussion In the present study, we found no significant difference in the performance of elderly subjects with and without SMCs on a series of brief cognitive tests assessing attention, episodic and semantic memory, and executive functions. Only a trend toward a significant difference emerged for the subtest of incidental memory from the BCSB, an item that is more related to attention than to memory itself.Some previous studies have found a relationship be-tween SMCs and objective memory performance, while many others have not.2 The methodology adopted by the different studies in assessing SMC varies, where some use only a simple question about perceived memory problems, while others base this classification on the results of specific questionnaires, such as the MAC-Q used in our study. Interestingly, a previous Brazilian study compared the use of the MAC-Q with direct questioning about memory problems, and found that a significant percentage of the sample had SMCs, based on the response to the direct ques-tion along with low scores on MAC-Q, while other subjects had no SMCs and high MAC-Q scores.18 Performance on a memory test did not differ according to the MAC-Q re-sults, mirroring our findings, although was worse in those individuals presenting SMCs upon direct questioning.High age, female gender and low education have all been associated with an increased prevalence of SMCs. Our sample is composed exclusively by elderly subjects (≥60 years), with a predominance of women (39 vs. 21) and with low to middle educational level, especially com-paring with studies conducted in North America, Europe or Japan. These features might explain the high percentage (55%) of individuals presenting SMCs. Memory complaints are recognized to be frequent within the elderly population, especially among those with depressive and anxiety symptoms.19,20 In our study, depres-sion is very unlikely as an explanation for the high preva-lence of SMCs, since the presence of significant depressive symptoms, based on the results from the Cornell scale, was part of the exclusion criteria.SMCs have been more related to future cognitive de-cline rather than to current memory deficits.2 Indeed, in a recent study, the presence of SMCs was found to be a sig-nificant predictor of subsequent decline, although without a “dose-effect” relationship.21 Moreover, in this same study the investigators observed that the occurrence of SMCs also increased the probability of an unstable diagnosis. We still have no longitudinal data on the cognitive performance of our study participants to be able to contribute to this debate, but we may be able to re-evaluate at least part of the sample in the future in order to replicate such observations. An issue that has not been addressed in our study is the Table ... Neuropsychologia 2008;2(1):42-4542 Memory complaints and cognitive performance of healthy elderly Caramelli P, Beato RGSubjective memory complaints and cognitive performance in a sample of healthy elderlyPaulo...
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INTEGRATED WATER POLLUTION ASSESSMENT IN DATA-AND RESOURCE-POOR SITUATIONS pdf
... RQWZLNNHOGHNZDQWLWDWLHYHPRGHOYHUJHOLMNLQJHQHQNZDOLWDWLHYHUHODWLHVELQQHQKHW'36,5NDGHU$OVODDWVWHLVGHLQYORHGYDQRQ]HNHUKHGHQRSGHJHJHYHQVHQUHVXOWDWHQYDQKHW,:92HQGHDDQEHYROHQEHKHHUVRSWLHVJHDQDO\VHHUG'HUHVXOWDWHQODWHQ]LHQGDWLQEHLGHYRRUEHHOGVLWXDWLHV GHPHHVWHIIHFWLHYHEHKHHUVPDDWUHJHOHQJHULFKW]LMQRSKHWYHUPLQGHUHQYDQYHURQWUHLQLJLQJDINRPVWLJYDQGLIIXVHEURQQHQGRRUPLGGHOYDQPDDWUHJHOHQJHULFKWRSGHEHKHHUVLQJYDQGHPRJUDILVFKHRQWZLNNHOLQJHQ...
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SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 359: Attitudes on Data Protection and Electronic Identity in the European Union pdf
... social networking or sharing sites versus online shopping –Accessing the service is the main reason for disclosing information for social networking / sharing site users and online shoppers ... financial information such as salary, bank details and credit record (10%), medical information such as patient record and health information (5%) and fingerprints (3%). 6 QB4a Thinking ... personal data, addressing their trust, concern, and wishes. The chapter ends by presenting Europeans’ own handling of personal data, that is, their willingness to pay for checking, amending or...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Dynamic Bayesian Framework to Model Context and Memory in Edit Distance Learning: An Application to Pronunciation Classification" ppt
... Engineering and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, WA 98195, USA{karim@cs,bilmes@ee}.washington.eduAbstractSitting at the intersection between statis-tics and machine ... lexicons.For testing we randomly divided STP data into9495 training words (corresponding to 9545 pronun-ciations) and 912 test words (901 pronunciations).For the Levenshtein and MCI results ... of its frame index. We are investigatinggeneric ways of exploiting this constraint. In practice, however, state space pruning can sig-nificantly reduce the running time of DBN infer-ence. Ukkonen...
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Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++, Third Edition doc
... operations include inserting a data item into the data structure, deleting a data item from the data structure, and finding aspecified data item.2. Quantify the resource constraints for each operation.3. ... Reading 2236.7 Exercises 2236.8 Projects 226III Sorting and Searching 2297 Internal Sorting 2317.1 Sorting Terminology and Notation 2327.2 Three Θ(n2) Sorting Algorithms 2337.2.1 Insertion ... sorting depends on understand-ing internal sorting and disk files. Section 6.2 on the UNION/FIND algorithm isused in Kruskal’s Minimum-Cost Spanning Tree algorithm. Section 9.2 on self-organizing...
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PUBLIC MCH PROGRAM FUNCTIONS FRAMEWORK: Essential Public Health Services To Promote Maternal and Child Health in America docx
... localities in designing surveys, compiling and analyzing • Provide resources for and participate in the development of models for data, and disseminating findings determining health beliefs and perceptionsAllocate ... supporting training of graduate and post-graduate f distance learning, self-learning, and through attendance at MCH professionals and supporting continuing educationonferences and training programs ... program competencies and capacity ssuring appropriately trained practitioners in the state standards within SHAsEnsure access for staff to continuing education and training in • Provide discretionary...
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March of Dimes Foundation Data Book for Policy Makers Maternal, Infant, and Child Health in the United States 2010 pot
... uninsured in 2007. Sources: Uninsured infants from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2009 and Dubay and others, 2007. All other data from the U.S. Census Bureau 2009a.Health Insurance ... treatment, the brain and many organs can be affected, sometimes resulting in coma and death. Having insurance coverage affects how people use health care services. The uninsured report poorer ... care than women with insurance, an Institute of Medicine study concluded. n Health insurance status is the single most important influ-ence in determining whether health care is accessible...
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Data structures and algorithm analysis in c++
... parameter checking than is soundprogramming practice, since including such checking would obscure rather than il-luminate the text. Some parameter checking and testing for other constraints (e.g.,whether ... terminate. In other words, it may not go into an in nite loop.Programs: We often think of a computer program as an instance, or concreterepresentation, of an algorithm in some programming language. ... understandable to yourself and your co-workers. Kernighan and Pike’s ThePractice of Programming [KP99] discusses a number of practical issues related toprogramming, including good coding and documentation...
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thomas and patnaik-serial correlation in high-frequency data and the link with liquidity
... cleaning up and filtering of intraday data (Dacorognaet al., 2001). The specifics of data- filtering and cleaning for HF data from the NSE can befound in Patnaik and Shah (2002).Concatenation of data ... adopted by Andersen and Bollerslev (1997) of ignoring the first return in the day, and then concatenating the data. Trading intensity NSE has one of the highest trading intensities in the world. In this ... overlapping data vs. non-overlapping data. In the former, the aggregation of data over q periods is done using overlapping windows oflength q, whereas in the latter the data is aggregated over windows...
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- data and code memory
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- give the definitions for data and program memory
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- data and information management in municipalities
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