criteria for marginal water treatment and reuse under drought conditions

... meteorological drought on the replenishing of the natural underground water tables (aquifers) and surface water (for example, lakes) and their subsequent outflows in the form of rivers and springs ... rivers and springs, and if the quantity is below a certain threshold then we say there is a drought In the developed water resource systems, once the requirements of water for different uses and for ... 136 Drought Management and Planning for Water Resources One often finds this type of drought referred to as socioeconomic (Vlachos and James, 1983), fundamentally because the shortage of water for...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:22

... to understand the resulting system behaviour, e.g a phenotype of an organism To handle complex networks, formal representation by mathematical models is indispensable Integration of data on, for ... concentration and other biological parameters with an iterative model, and exploration of model characteristics such as modularity, optimality and robustness, promise to advance our system-wide understanding ... 6phosphate and 40 mm glucose 6-phosphate; 30% KOH was added to the control of each assay Reactions were incubated for 30 at 25 and °C, and then at 10 at 95 °C Anthrone 0.2% in 95% H2SO4 was added, and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... be analyzed under essentially standard sample flow and plasma conditions for Agilent ICP-MS instruments (100400 uL/min sample uptake rate) Typical examples of water- soluble organic samples include ... obtained without the use of an internal standard Figure shows a calibration for 208Pb in pentane Figure Standard addition calibration for Pb (0, 2, 5, 10 and 20 ppb) in Pentane Figure Trace Elements ... is the use of the ShieldTorch System and cool plasma conditions In cool plasma operation, the plasma forward power is reduced, and the carrier gas flow rate and sampling depth are adjusted, so...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... Earthquakes General effects Tremors and cracks Landslides Liquefaction Underground settling and rock falls Avalanches and landslides Changes in underground water courses Fires Effects on infrastructure ... development agenda and applying a more integral and preventive approach to risk reduction and recovery The IDB’s policy, currently under review to expand and strengthen its objectives and fields El ... INTERVENTIONS • Greater demand for drugs and other supplies • Water and sanitation • Increase in hours worked by MDs, paramedics and administrative staff • Sanitary control (food, hygiene and public health...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 00:22

... did older foliage A tendency for newer foliage to contain more liquid water, less pigments and chlorophyll [32] and for one-year-old foliage to be thicker, drier and occasionally more damaged ... spectra although they show less structure and contain less information than spectra obtained under controlled or semi-controlled conditions Both the random and the fixed model parameters estimated ... variation), block, and tree effects In the eucalypt data they arise due to plot (site) and tree effects The expected power spectrum for a given group is one for which the random effects are zero...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:22

... Charnie stand), 12 bands among 419, allowing discrimination between sessile and pedunculate oaks Among these 12 bands, two (F14a and 174g) were present in small frequencies in pedunculate oak and in ... 1971) study of the hybridization and morphology of the hybrid forms in oaks is imporThe tant to understand the evolution of these taxa and of their genetic resources Practi- cal consequences concern ... morphological characters MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling The stand, situated in the Petite Charnie For t (Le Mans, France) consists of 426 adult oak trees (about 50% pedunculate oak and 50% sessile oak) A...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... patients fulfilled the American Rheumatism Association criteria for RA [14] and had given their informed consent (for additional patient information see Table 1) The study was approved by the Ethics ... the total caseinolytic activity (lower panel), the bands for both the active and the latent forms were used for quantification Means +/- standard error of the mean are plotted § p ≤ 0.05 Mann-Whitney ... TNF-α and IL1β Matrix-degrading proteases (MMP and aggrecanases) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) in SFB and cartilage were identified as potential direct or indirect mediators for...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... for data analysis and interpretation, and wrote the manuscript MV and TJMS were responsible for both the set-up and performance of the experiments DMG was responsible for including patients and ... ankle, or wrist) was performed under local anaesthesia in all patients before treatment and in the same joint after treatment The procedures for needle arthroscopy were performed as described previously ... studies For clinical measurements such as the tender and swollen joint count, ICCs have been reported to vary between 0.15 and 0.85 for inter-rater variability and between 0.67 and 0.95 for intrarater...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:23

... Strains and cluster together and are more similar to strains and 10 than the other strains Strains and 10 share the fact that they are segregating one l A allele and three A alleles For the remaining ... Strain 12, on the other hand, is homozygous for the « high » allele (A All of the l ) l progeny from the standard cross have inherited the A allele from the father and are, therefore, heterozygous ... 9.26-9.50, and so forth) = In order to test the degree of segregation in a single isofemale line, several single-pair matings are made between a standard genetic strain and the isofemale strain For...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:22

... successful treatments, physicians must have accurate and reliable information on the effectiveness and efficacy of the prescribed treatment regime To meet the need for having objective information ... purposes) AIDS Research and Therapy 2009, 6:9 The ability of patients to understand both their disease and its treatment has a major effect on adherence; by supplying information in a (primarily) ... replication [10] Treatment change decisions for patients with AIDS who are undergoing HAART are commonly based on clinical treatment history data, ideally including VL, CD4 and genotype information...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... 1700 and 2200 bp Three distinct regions of the gene were selected for the SBEIIa-A homoeoallele, two for SBEIIa-D and one for SBEIIa-B Genome-specific primer pairs were designed for each target and ... dNTPs) and 0.5 μM of each of the two primers Amplification conditions for testing primers included an initial denaturation step at 94°C for min, followed by 35 cycles at 94°C for min, 62-67°C for and ... I-TASSER for wild type and mutant forms of SBEIIa-D protein (V398I and D462N) The ligand is depicted in magenta colored ball & stick, the predicted binding site residues interacting with the ligand...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... those of GAPDH for direct comparisons between the different treatment conditions In situ cell death detection (TUNEL labeling assay) For the detection and quantification of DNA strand breaks in ... Additional files and 6] Human cell lines HeLa, HEK, chemo-responsive CPC-N and A549 Treatment of four established human tumor cell lines with chemotherapeutic drugs was performed for means of comparison ... (percentage of positively stained cells) obtained for all treatment conditions in AC and SCC separately Figure respectively platin (CARB), vinorelbine (VIN) and gemcitabine (GEM), cancer cell lines in...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20

... facilitate widespread adoption and provide a platform for custom applications Before ChIPOTle, to our knowledge the only publicly available program designed expressly for ChIP-chip data analysis ... quantile-quantile plot (QQ plot) for one representative Rap1p ChIP-chip experiment (red) against Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation of 0.35 and a mean of (black bars) The upper and lower bounds ... spuriously high ratio measurements, and thus is a source of information that can be used for analysis The second difference in the interpretation of ChIP-chip and traditional gene expression data...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 15:20

... the data, removal of systematic biases and drifts (a process often referred to as 'normalization'), and transformation to a format and scale that is suitable for the following analysis steps Here ... tests performed, it is necessary to adjust for multiple testing Good software for this is available in the R packages qvalue and multtest, and we recommend the reports by Storey [28] and Pollard ... probing for mediators of cell growth and division, in particular using assays for DNA replication, apoptosis, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling The experiments were performed...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 17:22

... have expedited and resulted in many ideas in this thesis I thank Prof Choi Kwok Pui, for his insights and knowledge in statistics I thank Prof Ken Sung and Prof Thiagu, for reading and listening ... distribution with mean µ and standard deviation σ and real signal follows an exponential distribution with parameter alpha α This formulation results in a closed form solution for the expected real ... microarray platforms but is also able to handle small-size training samples This enables researchers to find the mechanisms behind a disease and use them directly as a tool for diagnosis and prognosis...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:15

... minutes, and neomycin into three peaks even faster within minutes This method showed better sensitivity (LOD 7~10 ppm) than other CE methods for determining underivatized gentamicin and neomycin ... electrophoresis system as in the previous chapter, and potentially can be used for field analysis of chiral compounds In addition, a fast method for the analysis of underivertized carnitine was developed ... FMOC 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate GC Gas chromatography GC-MS Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry HPCE High performance capillary electrophoresis HPLC High performance liquid chromatography...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 10:36

... by terrorists, and defend the safety of citizens Thus there are urgent needs for analytical systems for homeland security Methods for fast analysis of stabilizers in gunpowder and propellants ... mobilities of neutral analytes and thus the only driving force for neutral analyutes is the EOF, which is equal for all neutral 14 components of a sample On the other hand, in MEKC, the neutral components ... small and Unmodified uncontrolled large molecules Charged Unmodified Present and neutral analytes Useful for Modified charged and filled analytes Suppressed Mostly Modified/ Suppressed/ used for...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 10:37

... the entire complement of the genome (cDNA) under different induced conditions Under these different conditions, it is believed that important information and clues to their biological functions ... Chain (MCMC) treatment, as the classifier for the microarray datasets Gaussian Processes is an attractive method for several reasons It is based on the Bayesian formulation and such a formulation ... genome (cDNA) under different induced conditions It is believed that under these different conditions, how a gene or a set of genes expressed will provide important information and clues to their...

Ngày tải lên: 28/09/2015, 13:38

... my friends, Seah Ling and Kim Huey, and my family for their love, understanding and moral support throughout the course of my studies They listened to my grumbles patiently and had been tolerant ... 42-mer and adenosine respectively The mixtures were vortexed vigorously for 30 before been allowed to stand for 10 prior to decanting the denser IL 27 extractant from the aqueous layer The IL and ... sodium hydroxide, M hydrochloric acid and water for 10 each Before experiment, the conditioned capillary was first flushed with water followed by the running buffer for each In between runs, the capillary...

Ngày tải lên: 02/10/2015, 12:56