cost estimation techniques for availability

... the procedure of cost estimation Automatic Cost Optimization for TED In this section we proposed a system for estimating and optimizing the cost of each edit operation for TED As mentioned earlier, ... quality of the system performance even more than the cost scheme used by the experts (Intuitive cost scheme) Furthermore, using the fine-grained and weighted cost scheme for edit operations we could ... using: 1) The random cost assignment, 2) Assigning the cost based on the expertise knowledge and intuition (So called Intuitive), and 3) Automatic estimated and optimized cost for each operation...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

... of the aperture is indeed a problem for traditional motion estimation methods, but in the proposed motion estimation algorithm we take advantage of this fact For the sake of clarity, let us consider ... blocks of variable size would be For reasons of space, we report the results for Foreman and Football The other sequences are characterized by a simpler motion, therefore the coding gain tends to ... motion estimation phase More recently, other works have appeared in the literature [27–29], describing coding algorithms for motion fields having arbitrary block sizes specifically designed for wavelet-based...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... keywords used for searches in SCI engine are „software cost 13 Chapter II Literature Review on Software Cost Estimation Methods estimation , „software effort estimation , „software resource estimation , ... been frequent studied/applied for cost estimation Many studies aim to improve the performance of ANN Srinivasan and Fisher (1995) first proposed neural network for cost estimation Samson et al (1997) ... phases, the cost estimates are useful for rough validation and process monitoring After completion, cost estimates are useful for project productivity assessment Since the software cost estimation...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... lượng chi phí phần mềm (SE Cost Estimation) 1) Năng suất (Productivity) 2) Các kỹ thuật ước đoán (Estimation Techniques) 3) Mô hình chi phí thuật toán (Algorithmic Cost Model) 4) Nhân lực thời ... Phần VI Chương 11 Các chủ đề khác SE • ước lượng chi phí phần mềm (SE Cost Estimation) • Quản lý chất lượng (Quality Management) • Cải tiến trình (Process Improvement) ... chức tạo khoảng thời gian ) HUT, Falt of IT © Dept of SE, 2001 SE-VI.4 Các kỹ thuật ước đoán (Estimation Techniques) • Mô hình chi phí thuật toán: sử dụng thông tin có tính lịch sử (thường kích thước)...

Ngày tải lên: 22/08/2012, 09:18

... etc Used for Used for Initial effor t estimation based on systemrequirements and design options Used for Effort to integ rate reusablecomponents or automatically generated code Used for Development ... Chapter 26 Slide 23 Estimation techniques Algorithmic cost modelling A model based on historical cost information that relates some software metric (usually its size) to the project cost is used An ... project; Social and insurance costs Effort costs must take overheads into account • • • Costs of building, heating, lighting Costs of networking and communications Costs of shared facilities (e.g...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2012, 11:41

... person asked him for that first small concession, he should have asked for something in return "If we can that for you, what can you for us?" I trained the top 50 salespeople at a Fortune 50 company ... been working so hard for so long now, let's just give her a break." So you might just get what you ask for and the only way you'll find out is to ask for it In addition, asking for more than you ... home for the weekends and need money for books When would she ask me? Seven o'clock on a Monday morning, just as she was racing out the door she'd say, "Dad, I'm sorry, I forgot; I need $60 for...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2012, 10:25

... from 200 students of 10 th and 11th form at FLSS ( except for students of 12th form as there are no listening lessons for 12th form students ) - collecting data for the analysis - assessing the ... that they can better in the next time 3.4.3 Techniques for post- listening 43 Apart from the techniques for pre and while listening stages, techniques for post – listening is very necessary and ... for the main ideas , for specific information or to react to instruction Therefore , listening is regarded to be among the most important educational goals It has a great influence on value formation...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:26

... exactly the same information If the task is correctly set, the students must pool their information and are thus forced to communicate through English The information gap is therefore an important ... This study is just prepared for JHS teachers, techniques to improve the teaching of oral skills for senior high school (SHS) teachers, therefore, may be a good subject for further study REFERENCES ... La Dousse, G P (1994) Role Play: Resource Books for Teachers Oxford: Oxford University Press 14 Lewis, M & Hill, J (1992) Practical Techniques for Language Teaching London: Language Teaching...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:41

... VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES POST GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT TRẦN QUỐC VIỆT A STUDY ON THE TECHNIQUES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT TO THE TEACHING OF ORAL SKILLS ... IMPROVEMENT TO THE TEACHING OF ORAL SKILLS IN LIGHT OF COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS IN QUẢNG NGÃI PROVINCE (NGHIÊN CỨU CÁC THỦ THUẬT NÂNG CAO VIỆC DẠY...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:41

... 24 iii 3.2 Techniques for teaching listening 24 3.2.1 Introduction 24 3.2.2 Pre-listening techniques 28 3.2.3 While-listening techniques ... Post-listening techniques 31 3.2.5 Summary 32 3.3 Techniques for correcting students’spoken errors 32 3.3.1 Introduction 32 3.3.2 Correction Techniques ... 13 • Methods 13 • Techniques .13 2.7 Summary 13 Chapter 3: Suggested Techniques to Improve the Teaching of Oral Skills for Junior High School Teachers...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:41

... suggestions for solution Chapter four suggests the techniques to help enhancing ESP reading skills for the students of UOS They are techniques for motivating students, techniques for training ... useful techniques for improving their reading skills in the content field of Medicine, the author of the research conducts the study titled Techniques For Developing Content Reading Skills For ... new vocabulary before reading, and asking students to perform tasks that are within their competence, such as skimming to get the main idea or scanning for specific information, before they begin...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:50

... Learning Vector Quantization 6.4 SelfOrganized Maps Conclusions and Further Research Performance of modern techniques for rating model design Introduction Credit risk forecasting is one of the leading ... Behrens and Mr Nasir Ahmed for their valuable advices and also to my supervisor: Mr Uwe Schmock, for helpful discussions and suggestions Performance of modern techniques for rating model design ... Error (FPE) with the following forms: G C V (λ ) = MSE (λ ) ⋅  S (λ )  1 −  N   S (λ ) 1+ N F P E (λ ) = MSE (λ ) ⋅ S (λ ) 1− N Performance of modern techniques for rating model design where...

Ngày tải lên: 16/04/2013, 20:00

... Offset Estimation Method Principle of DFT Window Timing Estimation Principle of Frequency Offset Estimation Spectral Property of Pilot Symbol Performance of DFT Window Timing Estimator Performance ... applications aiming at the 4G systems Therefore, we decided to write a book on multicarrier techniques for 4G mobile communications systems xv xvi Multicarrier Techniques for 4G Mobile Communications Figure ... i th information symbol at the k th subcarrier, and f (t ) is the pulse waveform of the symbol When the rectangular pulse waveform is used, f (t ) is given by 30 Multicarrier Techniques for 4G...

Ngày tải lên: 26/04/2013, 09:50

... files for this book and assembled into the C Interfaces and Implementations: Techniques for Creating Reusable Software C Interfaces and Implementations: Techniques for Creating Reusabl Prepared for ... performance, for example Well-designed interfaces avoid machine depen- C Interfaces and Implementations: Techniques for Creating Reusable Software C Interfaces and Implementations: Techniques for ... Atom_string, for example, just calls Atom_new: C Interfaces and Implementations: Techniques for Creating Reusable Software C Interfaces and Implementations: Techniques for Creating Reusabl Prepared for...

Ngày tải lên: 04/09/2013, 22:04

... installation cost of UPFC and increasing power transfer capability of the existing power transmission lines Figure 11 Performance index evolution of different approaches for case Figure 12 Performance ... through the branch before placing UPFC device Q2 - MVAR flow through the branch after placing UPFC device and CUPFC is in US$/KVar The cost function is shown in Figure Figure Cost Function of the ... factor for ith bus respectively, S j , w j are apparent power and associated weighting factor for jth line respectively, Vref i is nominal voltage magnitude which is assumed to be 1pu for all...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... as utterances of a conjurer who transforms an egg into a bird Variation: * Use one of the growing number of digital movies in which an item seamlessly transforms into a different one Technique ... with reference to a picture of a person in a folk costume This type of activities can also lead to a fruitful cultural discussion Conclusion Foreign language teachers sometimes come across pragmatically ... Technique #3: Reduce available perceptual information Initially show students only a small portion of an object/person (e.g., the chin portion...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2013, 10:10

... activities stretching as less as five minutes in your class where students perform for each other Drama activities or techniques are equally successful in making learners experience language in ... are common gestures for articles and prepositions which can be discussed before the game begins Students can be creative in getting the title/ name across to their team mates For example, they ... prepare you and your students for doing drama The three drama activities / techniques that I am going to describe now are one-off and stand- alone exercises good for new initiates in the field...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2013, 10:10

... begin to hear themselves (often for the first time) and this is of immeasurable importance in the retention of sounds Exercise B: This exercise was designed for a multi-lingual class, but is ... recognition, retention and ability to discriminate in the following way This could also be used simply for teaching Stage : The teacher writes a variety of words containing the target sounds (long and ... it involves giving and carrying out instructions Stage 1: Having identified some problem areas for the class, the teacher makes a list of instructions containing these Below is such a list Draw...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2013, 10:10

... exactly the same information If the task is correctly set, the students must pool their information and are thus forced to communicate through English The information gap is therefore an important ... creative construction and involves trial and error 1.3.3 Techniques for Communicative Language Teaching There are plenty of techniques for CLT Here are some of them: • Pair-work Independent work ... very important for the realization of the study, for without it the researcher will find it impossible to sort out practical techniques to improve the teaching of oral skills for JHS teachers...

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:06

... a sample work for some reading lessons for 3rd year students Part III summarizes the issues addressed and presents recommendations for further improvements and some suggestions for further researches ... Linguistics, content reading is not like reading for pleasure or relaxation but the reading of books and other printed materials that contains information needed for learning in the content areas, such ... reading to comprehend it to the fullest in content areas Regardless of reading for relaxation or reading for information in content areas, it is necessary to make sense of the reading, otherwise...

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:45