corrosion deposition and fouling in heat exchangers

... of fouling in heat exchanger plant, in: Fouling Science or Art? Inst Corrosion Science and Technology and Inst Chem Engineers, Guildford 23 CHAPTER General Models of Fouling 4.1 INTRODUCTION In ... Commissioning and Operation of 13 269 Heat Exchangers to Minimise Fouling 14 The Use of Additives to Mitigate Fouling 287 15 Heat Exchanger Cleaning 357 Fouling Assessment and Mitigation in Some ... review and the application of sound engineering acumen by a group of knowledgeable engineers, involved in the design and operation of shell and tube heat exchangers TABLE 2.2 Fouling resistances in...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:23

... contained in this publication The proceedings are opened by two keynote papers from leading experts in the understanding and control of Corrosion in Oil and Gas Production: Dr S D Kapusta, Shell International, ... (Papers 41 and 43) Paper 42 investigates the corrosion inhibiting effect of different types of diamine molecules, showing that the carbon chain length influences the reduction in corrosion rate and ... spools can be installed, for example, before and after inhibitor injection points 22 Advances in Corrosion Control and Materials in Oil and Gas Production to determine the effectiveness of inhibition...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:46

... 1996) Fouling leads to permeate flux decline, making frequent membrane replacement and cleaning necessary and thus increasing maintenance and operation cost (Judd and Till, 2000) Membrane fouling ... tanks and the other will undergo sludge thickening and dewatering before being further disposed by incineration, composting or landfill The final effluent from secondary treatment is discharges into ... be increased and/ or maintained To this end, it is necessary to investigate and understand the mechanisms that lead to membrane fouling 1.2 Objectives of this Research In this study, membrane fouling...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 19:04

... Harland and Wolff of Belfast Following short periods in Defence Consultancy in the UK, and teaching engineering in Hong Kong, he returned to the UK to pursue his interests in long-range engineering ... helical-tube exchangers Direct-sizing of bayonet-tube exchangers Direct-sizing of RODbaffle exchangers Exergy loss and pressure loss Transients in heat exchangers Single-blow test methods Heat exchangers ... play in assessing the performance of heat exchangers and should be used in combination xxiv Preface The present treatment shows that: • The LMTD-Ntu approach is fully explicit in finding terminal...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:14

... conceptual understanding and teaches them how to become proficient in engineering analysis of mass contactors and heat exchangers and the transport theory used as a basis for determining how the critical ... inquiring mind to synthesis and design Early emphasis on developing model equations and studying their behavior enables the instructor to involve students in problem-based learning exercises and ... courses in mass and heat transfer in that more emphasis is placed on mass transfer and the importance of systematic analysis The course in mass and heat transfer in the chemical engineering curriculum...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:52

... and scaling fouling mechanisms, which are the main factors of fouling in District Heating networks and cooling water circuits of industrial enterprises We have analyzed experience of monitoring ... used In the three of presented in Fig cases (#6, #7 and #8) the constraints on fouling thermal resistance (case #6) and heat load margin are introduced These additional constraints lead to increase ... plate heat exchangers Chemical Engineering and Processing 1996;35:301e10 [35] Gogenko AL, Anipko OB, Arsenyeva OP, Kapustenko PO Accounting for fouling in plate heat exchanger design Chemical Engineering...

Ngày tải lên: 26/08/2016, 18:04

... bị loại N P - Outside packed floating head S - Floating head with backing device T - Pull through floating head U - Đuôi ống chữ U W – Externally sealed floating tube sheet Sơ đồ thuật toán Tài ... tham khảo: http://en.wikipedia.org/ http://www.gc3.com/ http://www.heatexchangersonline.com/ Phần mềm tham khảo: Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design 1.5.2 ... Engineers (Third Edition), Gulf Professional Publishing Ernest E Ludwig - APPLIED PROCESS DESIGN FOR CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS (Volume 3, Third Edition), Gulf Professional Publishing...

Ngày tải lên: 15/01/2014, 17:25

... no direct interaction between HSP70 and Smac proteins, and the ATP-binding domain of HSP70, rather than the peptide-binding domain, was essential for this specific function of the protein Recent ... interaction between HSP70 and Smac HSP70 contains three functional regions: the ATPbinding domain, the peptide-binding domain, and the EEVD motif Although the EEVD motif is considered to be involved ... the ATP-binding domain of HSP70 is critical for sequestering AIF in the cytosol [29] In the present study, we demonstrated that the ATP-binding domain of HSP70 was indispensable for inhibition...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20

... fouling Corrosion fouling Chemical reaction fouling Freezing or solidification fouling Heat Exchangers Designed to Handle Fouling Applications of Compact Heat Exchangers and Fouling Possibilities ... Commissioning Operation Maintenance Maintenance - General Factors Maintenance - Fouling and Corrosion Crystallisation or precipitation fouling Particulate fouling (silting) Biological fouling Corrosion ... heat exchangers Diffusion bonded heat exchangers The printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) Welded plate heat exchangers Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers (PHE) and derivatives Plate and Frame Heat...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:23

... In (2.1) q is the heat transferred to the heated fluid in the time unit in W, M and M are the mass flow rates of the heating fluid and the heated fluid, respectively, in kg/s, t1 and t2 are the inlet ... inlet and outlet temperatures of the heating fluid, t1 and t2 are the inlet and outlet temperatures of the heated fluid in ◦ C, cpm and cpm are the mean isobaric specific heat of both the heating and ... flow 3.3 Factor ψ in Real Cases For fluids in cross flow and for all the instances involving heat exchangers we will examine, we will compute the actual values of ψ by including them in the various...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:24

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:26

... laminar, transient and turbulent single-phase flows; (2) heat transfer of liquids and gas flows; and (3) two-phase flows in adiabatic and heated micro-channels As indicated by Kandlikar and Grande ... applications in engineering and technology It contains six chapters related to the overall characteristics of the cooling systems: single-phase and gas–liquid flow, heat transfer and boiling in channels ... enhancement of the heat source Spray cooling and liquid jet impingement Spray cooling and jet impingement (as shown in Fig 2.7) are often considered as competing options for electronics cooling In general,...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:51

Ngày tải lên: 03/05/2014, 20:02

... voltage, there is always during emersion a supplementary entrainment of paint which has to be eliminated by rinsing The paint contained in rinsing water can be recovered and recycled by ultrafiltration ... electrocoatings (A and B) differing by their content in plasticizer These coatings were applied with different thicknesses (14, 17 and 20 µm) by changing the electrodeposition time and maintaining the ... the inclusion of time and amount of rain as an additional variable, taking into account the washing and cleaning effect of rain, limiting the use of TOW-ISO to outdoor and not highly contaminated...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 09:20

... Figure virus-induced HSE binding activity in macrophages and a human hepatoma cell line Vaccinia3 Vaccinia virus-induced HSE binding activity in macrophages and a human hepatoma cell line (A) Macrophages ... proteins in vaccinia virus infected human and heat shock RT-PCR1analysis of the heat shock factor blood macrophages RT-PCR analysis of the heat shock factor and heat shock proteins in vaccinia ... interleukin 12 and interleukin 10 expression in vaccinia virus-infected human monocytes and U-937 cell line Cytokine 2000, 12:900-908 Jindal S, Young RA: Vaccinia virus infection induces a stress...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:21

... tools in identifying PH [9] Histologic features correlating with PH in IPF are not known We hypothesized that increased alveolar septal capillaries and hemosiderin deposition, the findings often ... showing grade alveolar septal capillary density (ASCD) (A and B) without any increase in endothelial cells in the alveolar septa (A: hematoxylin eosin stain; B: anti CD34 immunostain, ×200 original ... original magnification) A case showing grade ASCD (C and D) with a marked increase in endothelial cells (C: hematoxylin eosin stain; D: anti CD34 immunostain, ×200 original magnification) more than...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:21

... bleomycin challenge further increased cathepsin K mRNA and protein levels both in wild-type mice and in transgenic mice A more precise understanding of the factors governing cathepsin K regulation in ... tg bleomycin bleomycin Cathepsin K Cathepsin K actin Actin D Lung tissue E BAL supernatant WT Cath K tg WT Cath K tg bleomycin bleomycin Cathepsin K Cathepsin K actin actin wild-type F 0d 7d ... paraffin-embedded, and sections of μm were prepared and stained with hematoxylin/eosin (H/E) and Trichrome staining (Elastica-vanGieson) The degree of lung fibrosis was determined according to...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... we repeated the same infection experiments in the H9 and CEM-SS cells using the C-terminal truncated Vpr-carrying viral strain IIIB As shown in Fig 2B-b and Fig 2B–d, the kinetics of viral replication ... Methods Maintenance and growth of mammalian and yeast cells Genotypes and sources of S pombe strains, mammalian cell lines and plasmids used in this study are summarized in Table CD4-positive H9 and ... finding, we further examined whether heat shock treatment can induce additional shortening of cells besides the suppressive Hsf1 effect If additional cellular factors are involved in suppressing...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:20

... classical and quantum systems and it o was generalized later by Saito and Utsumi [45] and Andrieux et al [46] 15 Chapter Introduction This FT is valid for several interacting systems, initially ... 112 3.5 Cumulants of heat for product initial state for 1D linear chain113 3.6 Cumulants of heat for steady state initial state for 1D linear chain ... the CF for transferred heat and obtain an explicit expression using the nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) and Feynman path-integral technique Considering different initial conditions for...

Ngày tải lên: 08/09/2015, 19:39

... three-dimensional incompressible flow and heat transfer in plain fin -and- tube heat exchangers, the tube arrangement, tube row numbers and fin pitch were investigated in details They found that the average heat ... the increasing fin spacing In the wind tunnel Beecher and Fagan (1987) tested 28 fin -and- tube heat exchangers that consisted of plain and 21 wavy fin configurations The effects of fin pitch on the ... performance for plain fin -and- tube heat exchanger in wet conditions Niederer (1986) performed experiments to investigate the frosting and defrosting effects on the heat transfer in heat exchangers He...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:02