core syntax a minimalist approach answers

... phrase-based approach has been considered the default strategy to Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) in recent years. It is widely known that the phrase-based approach is powerful in local ... Pharaoh: a Beam Search De- coder for Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Transla- tion Models. Proceedings for AMTA 2004. Philipp Koehn, Amittai Axelrod, Alexandra Birch Mayne, Chris Callison-Burch, ... Improving a Statis- tical MT System with Automatically Learned Rewrite Patterns. Proceedings for COLING 2004. Kenji Yamada, and Kevin Knight. 2001. A syntax- based statistical translation model....

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 01:20

... end-organ damage. In patients with diabetes mellitus (an important cardiovascular risk factor) retinopathy may develop. Increased capillary permeability leads to capillary closure and dilatation, ... heard at the base of the heart (upper right sternal edge) and is often transmitted to the carotids and cardiac apex. Chest and abdominal examinations are normal. Peripheral arterial pulses are ... Texas, USA Cardiology Core Curriculum viii Christina Karaviotis, Lotika Singha and Andy Baker of BMJ Books for their advice, support, and the rapid response to trans-Atlantic emails and attachments....

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... intimal flap seen by echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging was indicative of what? 7. What additional information was provided by magnetic resonance imaging that was unavailable by transthoracic ... in particular following revascularization techniques such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting • risk stratification after acute myocardial infarction • ... pain despite negative non-invasive tests Dilated cardiomyopathy Sudden cardiac death Intolerant of medications Limiting angina despite adequate drug therapy Unstable angina Postmyocardial infarction angina Positive...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... hypertension have abnormal nitric oxide mediated vasodilatation. The absence of appropriate nitric oxide mediated vasodilatation may lead to abnormal vascular remodeling and promote vascular damage, predisposing ... agent, and has the advantage of providing additional cardiac protection for patients with ischemia. Intra-arterial monitoring of therapy is advisable in the patient population who may have rapid and ... achieved, pharmacologic therapy is appropriate. Initial pharmacologic therapy should begin with initiating a single agent at small doses, and titrating the agent and/or additional agents upward...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... coronary revascularization. Cardiac palpation Abnormalities of cardiac palpation such as left ventricular heave or lift, which are characterized by sustained outward movement of an area that is larger than the normal apex, ... fibrinolytic agents currently available are plasminogen activators. Reteplase (recombinant plasminogen activator [rPA]) and tenecteplase have a prolonged half-life and can be given as a bolus injection, as ... Nitrates Nitrates favorably effect both myocardial oxygen supply and demand, and thus are of particular value early in ACS. Nitrates dilate both normal and atherosclerotic resistance coronary arteries,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... emergency cardiac care: changes in the management of cardiac arrest. JAMA 2001;285:1267–9. 15 Takata TA, Page RL, Joglar JA. Automated external defibrillators: technical considerations and clinical promise. ... the mechanism of the paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and allows ablation of the accessory pathway. Ventricular arrhythmias Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia Ventricular tachycardia is ... Conill A, et al. ACC/AHA Guidelines for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices: a report of the ACC/AHA Taskforce on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Pacemaker Implantation)....

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... This patient has several contraindications to cardiac transplantation in view of her advanced age and renal insufficiency. She has not yet had an appropriate trial of medical therapy that might ... 70%. Heart failure and cardiac transplantation 317 The 1 year survival for heart–lung transplantation is approximately 50%. A heart transplantation alone does not solve the problem with pulmonary ... markedly enlarged cardiac shadow; blunted costophrenic angles; enlarged pulmonary arteries; diffuse Heart failure and cardiac transplantation 313 cardiac catheterization. Pulmonary pressures and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... be accompanied by a third heart sound (S 3 ). The physical examination of a patient with mitral regurgitation may reveal an apical holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla. There are many ... echocardiogram, showing a peak instantaneous gradient of 55 mmHg and ejection fraction of 25%. Aortic valve replacement with a Carpentier–Edwards pericardial valve and single coronary artery bypass ... made this patient an ideal candidate for mitral valve repair versus mitral valve replacement? What features may have made this patient less suitable for repair? 3. What is the effect of mitral...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... breast, melanoma, leukemia, and lymphoma. Metastases arising from Kaposi’s sarcoma have been found in patients with AIDS. Metastatic cardiac tumors may invade the heart via the blood stream, ... disease Recent acute myocardial infarction The most important cause of cardiac complications after non- cardiac surgery is coronary artery disease, and recent acute myocardial infarction has traditionally ... and therapy is generally palliative. In rare cases, cardiac invasion Pericardial disease, disease of the aorta, and heart tumors 441 Cardiology Core Curriculum 470 aVRIV 1 V 4 aVLII V 2 V 5 aVF 25...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... Flecainide has good efficacy and safety for patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, particularly in patients with no structural heart disease. Ventricular ... (for example, sympathomimetic amine inhalers for asthma). Vagal maneuvers are always taught to the patient and should be attempted initially in all patients with such arrhythmias. If vagal maneuvers ... did not change with handgrip or Valsalva. Chest examination: bilateral basal rales. Abdominal examination: soft abdomen, no tenderness and no masses. Normal liver span. Moderate edema of lower...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... ventricular aneurysm. This can predispose to the formation of mural thrombus and arterial embolization. Similarly, atrial fibrillation causes abnormal asynchronous, atrial wall motion, creating areas ... hospital and had regular checks of his International Normalized Ratio. Cerebrovascular disease Atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease remains the major cause of cerebrovascular accidents, accounting ... V 1 –V 3 . She was transferred to an intensive care unit and serial cardiac enzymes revealed an abnormal rise in creatine kinase to a peak of 475 mg/dl (7·9 µkat/l), and 16% of the rise was creatine kinase-MB...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... of atypical chest pain and/or palpitations. Mitral valve prolapse can be unequivocally diagnosed by two- dimensional echocardiographic imaging of the mitral valve apparatus in the parasternal and ... left Cardiac non-invasive imaging and stress testing 33 Conclusion In evaluating a patient with cardiac disease we believe that a careful history and clinical cardiac examination, accompanied by a ... suggest occlusive disease. The radial and femoral arteries should be palpated simultaneously during the cardiovascular examination. A significant radial–femoral delay (the appearance of the pulses...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... would be obtainable at cardiac catheterization? 8. Why was a mechanical rather than a biologic mitral prosthesis selected for mitral valve replacement in so young a woman? Answers Answer to question ... unavailable by echocardiography. Because the transesophageal echocardiography probe cannot be passed beyond the stomach, the proximal abdominal aorta is the limit of echocardiographic evaluation. Answer ... CAD, in particular following revascularization techniques such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting • risk stratification after acute myocardial...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... occlusive disease, aortic dissection, or coarctation). The radial and femoral arteries should be palpated simultaneously during the cardiovascular examination. A significant radial–femoral delay (the appearance ... of hydralazine alone can result in tachycardia, flushing, and angina. Combining hydralazine therapy with a β-blocker and a diuretic may blunt the tachycardia and angina, as well as decrease fluid ... than with diltiazem and verapamil. In trials comparing short-acting calcium channel blockers with other therapy, there was a suggestion of a hazard associated with these agents. Those data, as...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... attention was drawn to the substantial need for repeat revascularization after PTCA. Treatment of chronic stable angina General measures General measures include: • an attempt to attain ideal body ... pain on medical therapy. Which of the following statements about an early invasive (cardiac catheterization and revascularization) versus early conservative (medical therapy with catheterization ... activities are limited by angina, despite an appropriate medical regimen. An analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing PTCA with medical therapy in patients with non-acute coronary heart disease...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22